Trifunctional antibody fusion proteins for targeted co-delivery of 4-1BBL with IL-15 or IL-21 to enhance antitumor immune responses. (PubMed, Front Immunol) - Oct 27, 2026 - "In 3D coculture settings of fibroblast spheroids and PBMCs, both trifunctional fusion proteins enhanced the cytotoxic effect of an EGFR-directed T cell engager (TCE) and cetuximab (CTX), whereby sc4-1BBL/IL-15 was more effective than sc4-1BBL/IL-21, and comparable effects were obtained by the respective bifunctional antibody-cytokines...Activation by fusion proteins containing IL-21 became mainly apparent in combination with TCE on CD8+ T cells and with CTX on NK cells, while proliferation was restricted to NK cells. Thus, the trifunctional antibody fusion proteins presenting sc4-1BBL/IL-15 and sc4-1BBL/IL-21 exhibit distinct patterns of combined activity and immune cell stimulation, both demonstrating combinatorial potential with TCE and CTX."
IO biomarker • Journal • Oncology • CD8 • EGFR • GZMB • IFNG • IL15 • IL21 • NCAM1
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Ann-Kathrin Löffler; Annika M Möller; Dafne Müller; Felix Baumann; Max Pütter; Meng Xie
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