Primary Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Combination Therapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Focus on Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab. (PubMed, Int J Urol) - Sep 11, 2026 - "Potential strategies to overcome resistance, such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-targeted combinations, biomarker-driven treatment selection, and novel immune checkpoint targets, are also discussed. A deeper understanding of primary resistance will be essential for the development of mechanism-based therapeutic strategies and for achieving durable clinical benefit in patients with mRCC."
Checkpoint inhibition • IO biomarker • Journal • Review • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Renal Cell Carcinoma • Solid Tumor
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Kazuyuki Numakura; Noriyuki Abe
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