Type 2 Inflammation in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Presentation, Role, and Management. (PubMed, J Inflamm Res) - Oct 24, 2026 - "Omalizumab targets IgE-dependent activation, dupilumab directly inhibits IL-4/IL-13 signaling, whereas BTK inhibitors such as remibrutinib interfere with intracellular mast-cell and basophil signaling across multiple upstream mechanisms. Future progress will require prospectively validated biomarker signatures, biomarker-stratified trials, comparative studies of emerging therapies, and long-term evaluation of treatment-free remission and potential disease modification. Defining the contribution and boundaries of type 2 inflammation within the broader pathobiology of CSU may ultimately facilitate the transition from mechanistic understanding to clinically actionable precision medicine in CSU."
Journal • Review • Allergy • Asthma • Atopic Dermatitis • Cardiovascular • Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps • Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Nasal Polyps • Otorhinolaryngology • Pruritus • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Sinusitis • Urticaria • IL13 • IL4 • IL5
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Ioannis-Alexios Koumprentziotis; Michael Makris; Niki Papapostolou; Stamatis Gregoriou
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