Urtica dioica L. Phytochemistry, Green Extraction Techniques, Molecular Mechanisms, and Gene Expression Modulation: A Comprehensive Review. (PubMed, Antioxidants (Basel)) - Aug 28, 2026 - "dioica contains abundant polyphenols (rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, and chlorogenic acid), sterols (β-sitosterol and stigmasterol), vitamins, carotenoids, and the antiviral lectin Urtica dioica agglutinin (UDA)...Despite extensive preclinical evidence, clinical standardization and dosage optimization remain major challenges. This review underscores U. dioica as a multifunctional medicinal plant with significant promise for next-generation phytotherapeutics and molecular nutrition."
Journal • Review
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Ammar Badran Ramddan; Asad Abbas; Farhang Hameed Awlqadr; Ghalia Arshad; Hassan Raza; Nawfal Alhelfi; Noor Alriyahi; Ralf Weiskirchen
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