Effects of apple phenolics on the human metabolome: modulation of key metabolic pathways. (PubMed, Food Chem) - Jul 17, 2026 - "Consumption of apple phenolic compounds resulted in significant alterations of the human metabolome, including increased levels of phenolic-derived degradation products and microbial-associated metabolites across all biofluids. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed pronounced effects on phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism, as well as linoleic and arachidonic acid metabolism, Overall, these findings demonstrate that apple phenolic compounds induce measurable, microbiota-associated and systemic metabolic changes, providing new insights into their metabolic fate and biological relevance."
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Anja Bosy-Westphal; Antje Geiken; Christof Dörfer; Dominik M Schulte; Fynn Brix; Julia Jensen-Kroll; Karin Schwarz; Louisa Pannenbeckers; Louise Holtmann; Mario Hasler; Niklas Roeder; Ralf Schweiggert; Stefan Dussling; Svea Gluesing; Svenja Fedde; Thomas Stegemann; Tim Hollstein; Tobias Demetrowitsch; Vivian Schaarschmidt
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