Autoimmune inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system: advances in clinical trials and immunotherapeutic strategies. (PubMed, Reumatologia) - Sep 20, 2026 - "In AE, first-line immunotherapies (high-dose glucocorticoids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasma exchange) remain based mainly on observational data, while second-line therapies such as rituximab and cyclophosphamide are increasingly used despite limited comparative trial data. Recent systematic reviews and individual patient data meta-analyses have highlighted both the potential and the limitations of existing observational evidence, and several randomized phase II-III trials are now underway evaluating agents including bortezomib, satralizumab, and inebilizumab. In NMOSD, the therapeutic landscape has advanced more rapidly, with multiple pivotal randomized controlled trials of targeted biologics (e.g. complement inhibition with eculizumab, B-cell depletion with inebilizumab, interleukin-6 [IL-6] receptor blockade with satralizumab) demonstrating large reductions in relapse risk and leading to regulatory approvals...Emerging strategies include use of adaptive..."
Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Immunology • Inflammation • Multiple Sclerosis • Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder • Pediatrics • Psychiatry • Rare Diseases • Solid Tumor • IL6
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