aprotinin / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Pharmacological alternatives to oxytetracycline as potential treatment of flexural limb deformities in foals: a preliminary in vitro cell viability and proliferation study. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "The myofibroblasts were incubated with oxytetracycline, the MMP-inhibitors incyclinide, ilomastat, aprotinin, pentoxifylline, the lathyrogenic agent β-aminopropionitrile fumarate and Dulbecco's modified eagle medium as control. The morphology and immunohistochemistry profile of the cultured cells was consistent with tendon and ligament myofibroblasts. All test substances were biocompatible, shown by the absence of significant differences with cells incubated with medium, demonstrating the absence of cytotoxic or anti-proliferative effect on juvenile myofibroblasts in the tested concentrations in this preliminary study."

Journal • Preclinical

Neuroprotective Strategies in Coronary Artery Disease Interventions. (PubMed, J Cardiovasc Dev Dis) - "Pharmacological neuroprotection includes agents such as barbiturates, volatile anesthetics, lidocaine, NMDA receptor antagonists, magnesium, nimodipine, corticosteroids, and aprotinin. Postoperatively, timely antiplatelet administration, glucose control, hemodynamic stabilization, and cognitive monitoring are critical. Comprehensive neuroprotective approaches, spanning pre- to postoperative phases, aim to reduce neurological complications and enhance outcomes in coronary interventions."

Journal • Review • Anesthesia • Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Coronary Artery Disease • Diabetes • Epilepsy • Hypertension • Ischemic stroke • Metabolic Disorders

ACCURACY OF C-PEPTIDE MEASUREMENTS IS DEPENDENT ON THE ASSAY METHOD, THE APPROPRIATE BLOOD COLLECTION TECHNIQUE AND ADDITION OF STABILIZING AGENTS FOR MANIPULATION AND STORAGE (ATTD 2025) - "The plasma samples collected in aprotinin pretreated EDTA tubes, validated for the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method, produced more accurate, lower C-peptide values...Immediate testing and storing plasma at -70 degree Celsius improve accuracy. Standardizing C-peptide measurement to a reference method can increase comparability between laboratories."

Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Solid Tumor • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Dendrimer-Mediated Molecular Sieving on Avidin. (PubMed, Biomacromolecules) - "Dissociation constants of high-generation biotin-dendrons (G5 and G6) with higher-generation avidin-dendron conjugates (Av-G6) increased from ∼10-15 M (for the native structures) to ∼10-6 M, and binding was found to be weaker than that of the Avidin-HABA complex. Avidin-G5 and Avidin-G6 were highly size-selective for biotinylated ligands; both prevented the binding of aprotinin (6.9 kDa), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and PEG3400 while forming fractional complexes with smaller biotinylated dendrons."

Journal

ROLE OF ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING TO PREVENT ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN POST CABG SURGERIES (ISN-WCN 2025) - "The intraoperative factors are comprised of the hemodynamic effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) pump, cytokine and chemokine expression, inflammatory mechanisms, microscopic and macroscopic emboli, effects of aprotinin, and effects of the on-pump technique...Drug therapy with sulfonamide or nicorandil (preconditioning-blocking and preconditioning-mimetic medication, respectively)...In addition , we also conclude that RIPC performed with total duration of ischemia < 20minutes renders the best benefit. However , due to the major limitations of the small sample size and variations of the surgical procedures and basal characteristics of the participants in this study , our conslusions need to be further corroborated in future larger studies."

IO biomarker • Surgery • Acute Kidney Injury • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Anemia • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Congestive Heart Failure • Coronary Artery Disease • Heart Failure • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Myocardial Infarction • Nephrology • Peripheral Arterial Disease • Renal Disease • Reperfusion Injury • Septic Shock • HMGB1 • IGFBP7 • TIMP2

AM fungus plant colonization rather than an Epichloë endophyte attracts fall armyworm feeding. (PubMed, Mycorrhiza) - "The interactions of the AM fungus and Epichloë endophyte increased the jasmonic acid concentrations by 24.29% and decreased trasylol activity by 11.75% in the host plants under FAW attack. Neither the AM fungus nor Epichloë endophyte influenced the relative growth rate (RGR) of FAW. Overall, the AM fungus had a greater positive effect on plant growth than the Epichloë endophyte, regardless of FAW larvae infestation."

Journal

Risks and Harms to Physicians Reporting Hematologic Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) to Health Authorities (ASH 2024) - "ADR findings resulted in drug removal (n = 7; Vioxx, Avandia, Bextra, Celebrex, Trasylol, Phenyl propanolamine, Hydroxy-ethyl starch), revised indications (n = 2) (Procrit, Aranesp 2007, 2008, 2010)) or 10-year delay in FDA-approval (n = 1) (Fereprox)...Pharmaceutical companies paid $600,000 (Fereprox) to $5.8 billion (Vioxx) in fines and settlements.Discussion : Twelve physicians experienced severe threats and/or harms after reporting hematologic-associated ADRs to Health Authorities and/or in major publications. We suggest physicians not sign secrecy agreements that might jeopardize public safety (as currently established by almost all US medical universities) and should partner with independent drug safety monitoring boards (DSMBs) on ADR evaluations to monitor safety concerns of drugs and medical devices."

Adverse drug reaction • Hematological Disorders • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Platelet-sparing properties of aprotinin: A scoping review on mechanisms and clinical effects. (PubMed, Eur J Anaesthesiol) - "This review elucidated current knowledge on how aprotinin influences platelets and exerts its platelet-sparing effect, while highlighting gaps in the existing literature."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Hematological Disorders • Targeted Protein Degradation

Fibrin Glue After ESD for High Risk Patients of Bleeding (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=134 | Completed | Sponsor: Seoul National University Hospital | Recruiting ➔ Completed | N=254 ➔ 134

Enrollment change • Trial completion • Gastric Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Dual optical elastography detects -induced alterations in the biomechanical properties of skin scaffolds. (PubMed, J Biomed Opt) - "Skin scaffold samples, grouped into three categories (control, -treated, and + galunisertib-treated), were prepared in two distinct culture media-one with aprotinin (AP) and another without. Moreover, the + galunisertib-treated group exhibited lower wave speed without and with AP and reduced Brillouin frequency shift than the -treated group without AP, further strengthening the potential role of in regulating the mechanical properties of the samples. These findings offer valuable insights into -induced biomechanical alterations in bio-engineered skin scaffolds, highlighting the potential of OCE and Brillouin microscopy in the development of targeted therapies in conditions involving abnormal tissue remodeling and fibrosis."

Journal • Fibrosis • Immunology

A surface-functionalized whole blood-based dielectric microsensor for assessment of clot firmness in a fibrinolytic environment. (PubMed, Biosens Bioelectron) - "We also show that surface coating with aprotinin and manual addition of aprotinin yield similar results in inhibiting tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-induced upregulated fibrinolysis in human whole blood samples. Validated through a clinically relevant, complementary assay - rotational thromboelastometry for clot viscoelasticity - we finally establish that a microsensor dual-coated with both TF and aprotinin detects the hemostatic rescue in the tPA-induced hyperfibrinolytic profile of whole blood and the hemostatic dysfunction due to concurrent platelet depletion in the blood sample, thus featuring enhanced ability in evaluating complex, combinatorial coagulopathies."

Journal • Hematological Disorders • Thrombocytopenia

Liposome-encapsulated aprotinin biodistribution in mice: Side-by-side comparison with free drug formulation. (PubMed, Biochem Biophys Res Commun) - "This suggests that the liposomal formulation exhibits a longer residence time in the target organ and, thus, has the potential for a longer therapeutic effect. The results reveal the great potential of the aprotinin-loaded liposomes for the treatment of respiratory system injuries and heart- and kidney-related complications of viral infections."

Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections

Optimizing Renal Transporter Immunodetection: Consequences of Freeze-Thaw during Sample Preparation. (PubMed, Am J Physiol Renal Physiol) - "In female Sprague Dawley rat kidneys homogenized with: aprotinin, Na2EDTA, PMSF, and phosphatase inhibitors, immunodetection signals were ~50% lower in Frozen versus Fresh samples for most transporters...Thus, kidney sample preparation variables, including freeze-thaw and protease inhibition, have substantial transporter-specific effects on quantification of renal transporter abundance by immunoblot. These findings underscore the critical importance of assessing and reporting the impact of sample preparation protocols on transporter recovery to ensure robust rigor and reproducibility."

Journal

Stability of adrenocorticotropic hormone in whole blood samples: effects of storage conditions. (PubMed, Biochem Med (Zagreb)) - "Aprotinin does not appear to give ACTH greater stability but can be used without exceeding 4 hours at 4 °C. Refrigerated pouch transport also seems to be more appropriate for ACTH in whole blood."

Journal • Hematological Disorders

Optimization of Vascularized Intestinal Organoid Model. (PubMed, Adv Healthc Mater) - "This study explores how varying the ratio of Matrigel in fibrin-Matrigel co-gel affects vascular network formation and intestinal organoid growth. A fine-tuned hydrogel is developed by adding aprotinin and 15% Matrigel in fibrin...By incorporating engineered thick collagen fiber bundles into the system, vascular network formation is guided by bundle architectures, enhancing interactions between vascular networks and organoids. The results demonstrate an optimized system that advances tissue and organoid vascularization by combining fiber bundles with fine-tuned hydrogel and modified medium."

Journal • FGF

Cost analysis study comparing the impact of treatment with aprotinin versus tranexamic acid in cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. (PubMed, Ann Pharm Fr) - "The additional cost of aprotinin at the time of purchase is offset by the additional costs of blood products in the tranexamic acid group."

Cost-analysis • HEOR • Journal • Surgery • Cardiovascular

Aprotinin (I): Understanding the Role of Host Proteases in COVID-19 and the Importance of Pharmacologically Regulating Their Function. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "We aim to elucidate the pathophysiological bases of COVID-19 in the context of the imbalance between the action of proteases and anti-proteases to understand the mechanism of aprotinin action (a panprotease inhibitor). In a second-part review, titled "Aprotinin (II): Inhalational Administration for the Treatment of COVID-19 and Other Viral Conditions", we explain in depth the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and use of aprotinin as an antiviral drug."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Targeted Protein Degradation • Thrombosis

Aprotinin in high-risk isolated coronary artery bypass graft patients: a 3-year propensity matched study. (PubMed, J Cardiothorac Surg) - "This study suggests that aprotinin may be safely used in a select group of high-risk iCABG patients. The reintroduction of aprotinin under specific conditions reflects its potential benefits in managing bleeding in high-risk surgeries, but also underscores the complexity of its risk-benefit profile in such critical care settings. Nonetheless, it highlights the importance of carefully selecting patients and conducting additional research, including larger and more controlled studies to fully comprehend the potential risks and benefits of aprotinin."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Critical care • Myocardial Infarction • Nephrology

Strategies to attenuate maladaptive inflammatory response associated with cardiopulmonary bypass. (PubMed, Front Surg) - "Pharmacologic adjuncts, including aprotinin, steroids, monoclonal antibodies, and free radical scavengers, show real promise. A multimodal approach incorporating technical, circuit-specific, and pharmacologic strategies will likely yield maximal clinical benefit."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Immunology • Inflammation • Reperfusion Injury • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

Aprotinin (II): Inhalational Administration for the Treatment of COVID-19 and Other Viral Conditions. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "This, together with the low cost of treatment (≈2 Euro/dose), makes it a good candidate to reach countries with lower economic means. In this article, we will discuss the pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological characteristics of aprotinin administered by the inhalation route; analyse the main advances in our knowledge of this medication; and the future directions that should be taken in research in order to reposition this medication in therapeutics."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Thromboelastography in acute immunologic reactions: a prospective pilot study. (PubMed, Res Pract Thromb Haemost) - "We determined ML on admission by thromboelastography (ROTEM's extrinsic [EXTEM], and aprotinin [APTEM] tests), expressed as ML%...D-dimer, tryptase, and immunoglobulin E concentrations increased with the severity of immunologic reactions. ML, quantified by thromboelastography, is associated with the severity of acute immunologic reactions."

Journal • Allergy • Cardiovascular

A production platform for disulfide-bonded peptides in the periplasm of Escherichia coli. (PubMed, Microb Cell Fact) - "In this work, we demonstrated the potential of the CASPON™ technology as a highly efficient platform for the production of soluble peptides in the periplasm of E. coli. The titers we show here are unprecedented whenever parathyroid hormone, somatostatin, plectasin or bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor were produced in E. coli, thus making our proposed upstream platform favorable over previously published approaches and chemical synthesis."

Journal

Purification and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Culture Supernatant of Coprinus comatus. (PubMed, Foods) - "However, inhibitors such as N-α-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), aprotinin, and pepstatin did not significantly affect its activity, suggesting that the enzyme was a serine-like metalloproteinase...Furthermore, it was found that the enzyme prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT), and reduced the levels of fibrinogen (FIB) and prothrombin activity (PA). Based on these studies, the enzyme has great potential to be developed as a natural agent for the prevention and treatment of thrombotic diseases."

Journal • Thrombosis

Efficacy and utility of antifibrinolytics in pediatric spine surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. (PubMed, Neurosurg Rev) - "The use of Tranexamic acid (RoM: 0.71, 95%CI: [0.62-0.81], p < 0.001, I2 = 88%), Aprotinin (RoM: 0.54, 95%CI: [0.46-0.64], p < 0.001, I2 = 0%), and Epsilon-aminocaproic acid (RoM: 0.71, 95%CI: [0.62-0.81], p < 0.001, I2 = 60%) led to a 29%, 46%, and 29% reduction in perioperative blood loss, respectively. Our network meta-analysis suggests a superior efficacy of all antifibrinolytics compared to standard of care/placebo in reducing blood loss and transfusion rate. Further adequately-powered randomized clinical trials are recommended to reach definite conclusion on comparative performance of these agents and to also provide robust objective assessments and standardized outcome data and safety profile on antifibrinolytics in pediatric and adolescent pediatric surgeries."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Surgery • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Orthopedics • Pediatrics

Efficacy and safety of aprotinin in cardiac surgery: a comparison between two dose regimen (eNAPaR) (Euroanaesthesia 2024) - "Conclusion(s): In CS-CPB, the FD regimen of aprotinin was associated with a decrease in postoperative reoperation for bleeding at the expense of a slight increase in renal injury without any other safety risk. A large multicenter randomized trial is mandatory to consolidate these results."

Clinical • Surgery • Cardiovascular