amodiaquine hydrochloride / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Global medium-term research priority setting for seasonal malaria chemoprevention: results from an eDelphi study. (PubMed, BMJ Glob Health) - "Research priorities related to sustainability, antimalarial resistance, integration with other interventions and improving quality of SMC delivery featured prominently among the highest-ranked research priorities. It is hoped the results of this consultation can encourage research uptake, guide new research and inform programme adaptation."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Malaria

Low pfcrt-76T and High pfdhfr-dhps Quadruple Mutant Genotype Prevalence after 10 Years of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention Implementation in Mali (AMP 2025) - "In 2014, SMC increased the prevalence of molecular markers of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to sulfadoxinepyrimethamine (SP) in the treated children but not in the non-SMC population...Children aged 3 to 59 months received several rounds of SP plus amodiaquine (SP+AQ) over 10 malaria seasons... SMC increased the prevalence of quadruple mutant of P. falciparum resistance to SP in the treated children and non-SMC population 10 years after SMC scale-up in Mali. In contrast, a low prevalence of pfcrt-76T was observed after several years of SMC implementation in Mali."

Infectious Disease • Malaria • ABCB1 • DHFR

Peripheral immune cell-specific genes in Parkinson's disease uncovered by multi-omics with therapeutic implications. (PubMed, NPJ Parkinsons Dis) - "Drug repurposing analysis identified several candidate compounds, including felodipine, amodiaquine, alprazolam, and tetrandrine, some of which are predicted to cross the blood-brain barrier. Molecular docking simulations further supported strong binding interactions between these compounds and PD-associated targets such as CTSB and ARSA. This integrative approach highlights key immune-cell-specific genes involved in PD and proposes several repurposable drugs with central nervous system potential, paving the way for more targeted therapeutic strategies."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • CD4 • CD8 • FDFT1 • HLA-DQA1

Logistics Preparedness: Ensuring Timely Commodity Availability for Large-Scale ITN and SMC Integrated Malaria Campaigns (ASTMH 2025) - "Strategic logistics planning and execution were implemented to support the large-scale delivery of ITNs and Sulfadoxine Pyrimethamine and Amodiaquine (SPAQ) for SMC to each of the states ahead of the integrated campaigns. These strategies ensured commodity availability in integrated malaria campaigns that could be replicated in future integrated health interventions. Strengthening logistics preparedness for integrated malaria campaigns in Nigeria remains a cornerstone of achieving universal health coverage while ensuring commodity availability for malaria elimination."

Infectious Disease • Malaria

Impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention on antimalarial drug resistance and the emergence of non-falciparum species in Karamoja sub-region, Uganda (ASTMH 2025) - "No parasite isolate carried markers associated with high level resistance to sulphadoxine pyrimethamine (SP) or amodiaquine (AQ). Our data suggests a potential emergence of non-falciparum species following SMC which is likely to increase with repeated rounds. SPAQ remains effective for SMC but there is need for continued monitoring for antifolate, transporter and K13 mutations in SMC-implementing areas and neighboring communities."

Infectious Disease • Malaria

Effectiveness of using seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) as a platform for integrated codelivery of albendazole and praziquantel in West African children: a cluster randomised, controlled trial (ASTMH 2025) - "Both clusters subsequently received SMC with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine on Day 1 and amodiaquine on Days 1-3. Integrated codelivery of preventive chemotherapy/mass drug administration (MDA) for helminths with SMC drugs was safe, tolerated and effective in reducing anaemia associated with malaria-helminth co-infections among Ghanaian school-aged children. This is the first study reporting effectiveness of integrated SMC-MDA among school-aged children and the findings could inform adoption of an integrated SMC-MDA campaign for improved effectiveness and impact among children living in the poorest countries of the world."

Clinical • Late-breaking abstract • Anemia • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Malaria

Genetic diversity and molecular markers of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance in two different malaria-endemic areas from 2016-2022 in Mali. (ASTMH 2025) - "Mutations associated with pyrimethamine resistance were highly prevalent in both sites (dhfr-108N:90% vs 91, p = 0.8), and (dhfr-59R: 88% and 88, p = 0.5)...Regarding chloroquine and amodiaquine, pfmdr1-86Y was infrequent and similar across sites (5.1% vs 4.3%; p > 0.9), while the pfmdr1-184F allele showed moderate frequencies (59% vs 54%; p = 0.5)...Genome-wide FST values were generally low (0.15) indicated region-specific genetic divergence. Despite ecological contrasts, parasite populations shared similar resistance profiles and genetic backgrounds, with localized divergence underscoring the value of ongoing genomic surveillance."

Biomarker • Late-breaking abstract • Infectious Disease • Malaria • ABCB1 • DHFR

182 - Oral Ivermectin Mass Drug Administration for Malaria Elimination: Results from Five Cluster Randomized Trials in Sub-Saharan Africa (ASTMH 2025) - "Since then, Phase 3 trials evaluating MDA with ivermectin and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in The Gambia (MASSIV) and Guinea-Bissau (MATAMAL), ivermectin MDA with Seasonal Malaria Chemoprophylaxis (SMC) (monthly administration of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine during the malaria transmission season to children under 5 years old) in Burkina Faso (RIMDAMAL II), and ivermectin MDA in humans and livestock in two trials in Kenya and Mozambique (BOHEMIA) have been completed. The final results from each of these trials will be presented and discussed in context. #InfectiousDisease #ClinicalResearch #FieldStudies #TranslationalScience #NTDs #Elimination"

Clinical • Infectious Disease • Malaria • Novel Coronavirus Disease

Anopheles mosquitoes exposed to long-acting antimalarials via drug-spiked bloodmeal absorb drug but do not suffer fitness cost (ASTMH 2025) - "We did not observe any significant differences in feeding rates, flying behavior, fertility (eggs laid and percent laying), or viability (up to 14d) after ingestion of amodiaquine (or its metabolite desethylamodiaquine (DEAQ)), piperaquine, and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in lab An. Our results show biochemical evidence of antimalarial absorption into Anopheles hemolymph following bloodmeal ingestion. Future work will assess antimalarial impact on infected mosquitoes, which could in turn influence drug resistance spread."

Infectious Disease

Understanding and maximizing the community impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention: a randomized controlled trial in a high malaria burden setting (ASTMH 2025) - "Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) currently involves administration of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine plus Amodiaquine to children below 5 years (<5y) during the peak season. A total of 447 incident malaria cases were detected during the study period, with a lower incidence in children <5y in arm 2 versus arm 1 (Incidence Rate Ratio 0.42 (0.27 -0.69), p<0.001) and in children 5-9y between arms 3 and 2 (IRR 0.31 (0.20, 0.49), p<0.001. In this comprehensive evaluation of SMC in a high malaria burden setting, we observed lower plasma drug levels and higher malaria incidence when SMC was implemented programmatically as compared to research-quality DOT and a marked reduction in malaria if SMC was extended to older children."

Clinical • Infectious Disease • Malaria

Key lessons from integrating SMC and a community-based catch-up strategy for pregnant women and children under five for ANC and immunization (ASTMH 2025) - "As part of the SMC campaign, Community health workers (CHWs) administered sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine (SPAQ) door-to-door and identifyed 23,817 children who had missed vaccinations, including 2,389 zero dose children, and 4,651 pregnant women who had missed or not attended prenatal consultations. However, challenges remain, particularly regarding CHW workload and logistical resources. Strengthened planning and support for CHWs are essential to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of this integrated approach."

Clinical • Infectious Disease • Malaria

Enhancing Cohort Retention through supervision: Lessons from the 2024 Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention Implementation in Katsina and Taraba States, Nigeria (ASTMH 2025) - "Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) aims to prevent malaria in children under five in regions with high seasonal transmission through monthly administration of Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine plus Amodiaquine (SPAQ) over four to five cycles, usually June to October. Administrative supervision remained above 99% per cycle. The intervention shows that data-driven strategies, real-time monitoring, and regular feedback can significantly improve SMC outcomes and cohort retention."

Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Malaria

Logistics Preparedness: Ensuring Timely Commodity Availability for Large-Scale ITN and SMC Integrated Malaria Campaigns (ASTMH 2025) - "Strategic logistics planning and execution were implemented to support the large-scale delivery of ITNs and Sulfadoxine Pyrimethamine and Amodiaquine (SPAQ) for SMC to each of the states ahead of the integrated campaigns. These strategies ensured commodity availability in integrated malaria campaigns that could be replicated in future integrated health interventions. Strengthening logistics preparedness for integrated malaria campaigns in Nigeria remains a cornerstone of achieving universal health coverage while ensuring commodity availability for malaria elimination."

Infectious Disease • Malaria

Risk assessment for clinical malaria occurrence among Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) eligible children with respect to their nutritional status: A prospective cohort study in Sirakorola, Mali (ASTMH 2025) - "Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine effectively reduces malaria-related morbidity and mortality among eligible children in areas with intense seasonal transmission. With similar coverage and related drugs effects for SMC, undernourished children treated form SMC are more affected with clinical malaria and present with high parasite load. An integrated program with SMC delivery and malnutrition case detection and management could be an alternative for the areas where SMC is implemented for better outcomes."

Clinical • Anemia • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Malaria

Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) as an Opportunity to Boost Malaria Vaccination Coverage in the Integrated Health Service (IHS) Project Area in Burkina Faso (ASTMH 2025) - "The same community distributors (CDs) were responsible for administering the Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine + Amodiaquine (SP+AQ) and tracking down children who had missed RTS, S doses, at no extra cost...Integrating RTS,S vaccination into SMC activities may improve the coverage rate in RTS,S. The main difficulty is the lack of a formal tracking mechanism for children who had missed the RTS,S doses and were referred and vaccinated."

Infectious Disease • Malaria

Time from asymptomatic malaria infection to onset of symptoms in retrospective PCR analysis of samples collected among children over 63 days: Evidence from two randomised placebo-controlled trials of malaria chemoprevention in Zambia and Cameroon (ASTMH 2025) - "Perennial malaria chemoprevention (PMC) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is recommended by the WHO in areas with year-round transmission to reduce this burden by clearing asymptomatic infections and preventing new ones...This analysis draws on data from two randomised trials in Cameroon and Zambia assessing parasite clearance and protection from infection in children aged 3-5 years who received SP, SP plus amodiaquine (SP+AQ), or artesunate (AS)...We will also report SP blood concentrations at symptom onset and explore associations between blood-drug levels and longer or shorter asymptomatic periods, and whether resistant genotypes are linked to faster disease progression. Our study combines molecular, clinical, and pharmacologic data to enhance understanding of chemoprevention effectiveness and to support future policy on SP-based strategies."

Retrospective data • Infectious Disease • Malaria

High-density temporal and spatial surveillance in Rwanda reveals increasing validated Plasmodium falciparum kelch13 mutations and complex patterns of recent emergence and spread 2022-2024 (ASTMH 2025) - "For high-level pyrimethamine resistance, dhfr I164L, increased (17.0% 2022; 19.3% 2024) despite no official usage in Rwanda. crt K76T (8.4%) and mdr1 N86Y (0.28%) were almost fixed to wildtype—associated with lumefantrine resistance the partner drug in Rwanda, K76T was higher near Burundi and DRC borders where amodiaquine may be selecting for these mutations. Overall our high-resolution deep sampling reveals high heterogeneity for specific mutations and their prevalence, revealing a complex process of spread likely impacted by multiple factors. Further study is needed to understand the dynamics that influence selection and spread of K13 and other mutations."

Infectious Disease • Malaria • ABCB1 • DHFR

Comparing sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine against other antimalarials for malaria chemoprevention across resistance settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis (ASTMH 2025) - "The largest benefit of SP+AQ compared to SP alone was found in areas with moderate to high SP resistance, but low AQ resistance, which is the resistance profile of most of East and Southern Africa today. This review is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024577149)."

Retrospective data • Review • Infectious Disease • Malaria • ABCB1 • DHFR

Impact of seasonal malaria chemoprevention on antimalarial drug resistance and the emergence of non-falciparum species in Karamoja sub-region, Uganda (ASTMH 2025) - "No parasite isolate carried markers associated with high level resistance to sulphadoxine pyrimethamine (SP) or amodiaquine (AQ). Our data suggests a potential emergence of non-falciparum species following SMC which is likely to increase with repeated rounds. SPAQ remains effective for SMC but there is need for continued monitoring for antifolate, transporter and K13 mutations in SMC-implementing areas and neighboring communities."

Infectious Disease • Malaria

Heme processing in the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum: the basal-level native state and response to inhibitors (ASTMH 2025) - "Disruption of the pathway is an attractive antimalarial target, numerous clinically relevant antimalarials (e.g. amodiaquine) inhibit HZ formation. In this study, an in-depth analysis of parameters imperative to heme processing were studied to produce insights into the native state of chloroquine-sensitive NF54 and chloroquine-resistant Dd2 parasites...When these inhibitors were studied over time, it was evident that the most metabolically active trophozoite phase was predominantly affected by these inhibitor classes. Whilst these phenotypic signatures provide crucial pathway insights, these also provide fundamental insights that can aid in mechanistic studies and target deconvolution of antimalarials."

Infectious Disease • Malaria

Multisectoral Approaches to Malaria Control in Senegal: A Strategy to Improve Coverage of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention Campaigns Among Targeted Children in the Health Districts of Diourbel and Kaolack (ASTMH 2025) - "The strategy involves door-to-door visits by community health workers administering three days of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine + Amodiaquine (SPAQ) doses under directly observed therapy. The sustainability of SMC and the achievement of its objectives require active engagement and involvement of community leaders. This multisectoral approach will be reinforced by community-led sanitation activities, thereby maximizing the impact of SMC in eligible areas."

Clinical • Infectious Disease • Malaria

Understanding cohort retention: findings from a seasonal malaria chemoprevention efficacy study in Niassa, Mozambique (ASTMH 2025) - "This analysis utilised data from a CPES in which a cohort of children were prospectively recruited in four communities, underwent a baseline assessment, received a three-day course of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine (SPAQ) and were followed up for up to 28 days to monitor incidence of malaria infection. There was substantial attrition in the study. Dropout rates varied across study communities, suggesting the influence of individual and contextual factors."

Clinical • Infectious Disease • Malaria

Investigating Factors Affecting Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention Cohort Retention In Northern Bahr El Ghazal, South Sudan (ASTMH 2025) - "Since 2023, seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine (SPAQ) has been implemented in Aweil South and Aweil West counties of Northern Bahr el Ghazal state. Additionally, the age of child 3 <12 months were associated with reduced odds of children receiving SMC. Findings underscore the need for strategies to address current gaps in SMC knowledge and perceptions to improve SMC uptake and cohort retention across all five cycles of the round."

Infectious Disease • Malaria

Active diagnosis and treatment of malaria by community relays during SMC: A means of reducing eligible children excluded (ASTMH 2025) - "Children with negative RDTs received SMC (sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine), confirmed uncomplicated cases were treated with artemisinin-based combination therapy, and severe cases were referred to a health facility. Also, early management of confirmed malaria cases may have prevented progression to severe malaria. This experience could serve as a model for other countries to maximize SMC coverage."

Clinical • Infectious Disease • Malaria

The secondary benefits of providing malaria chemoprevention to infants and children (ASTMH 2025) - "SP plus amodiaquine (SP+AQ) may reduce immune exhaustion and inflammation among children 12-59 months of age. There is also growing evidence SP may be associated with lower incidence of respiratory tract infections, with mixed findings for diarrheal illnesses. Several studies report greater weight gain with SP or SP+AQ, while evidence for reduced wasting is mixed, and no adverse effects on other measures of child growth have been observed."

Clinical • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Malaria • Respiratory Diseases