aztreonam / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Phenotypic characterisation and prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in a tertiary care centre in Bihar India. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, BL-BLI combinations, and Aztreonam was high. Colistin resistance was observed in one isolate...Standardized phenotypic tests can guide therapy and infection control, especially in resource-limited settings. Research and development of new antibiotics are urgently needed to address this growing public health concern."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Investigation of carbapenemase-encoding genes in Burkholderia cepacia and Aeromonas sobria isolates from nosocomial infections in Iraqi patients. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "Piperacillin, cefepime, and ceftriaxone showed antimicrobial resistance of 100%, followed by ceftazidime (97.3%), cefazolin (96%), and piperacillin/ tazobactam (94.6%). Intermediate resistance was reported with aztreonam (61.3%), meropenem (49.3%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (49.3%), gentamicin (46.6%), levofloxacin (44%), and ciprofloxacin (44%). It is important to note minocycline (40%), amikacin (40%) imipenem (36%) and tigecycline (34.6%), had the lowest resistance rates, hence their relatively higher efficacy against the tested isolates...Since the prevalence of carbapenemase producers is high, careful infection control measures, rapid diagnostics, and antimicrobial stewardship must be implemented by clinicians. It is necessary that combination therapy be guided and early detectable to ensure better outcomes and restrict resistance."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Thermal Injury

Beta-lactams and beta-lactamase inhibitors-current developments (PubMed, Inn Med (Heidelb)) - "These included MRSA-active cephalosporins (ceftaroline and ceftobiprole), new, broadly effective combinations of beta-lactams with beta-lactamase inhibitors, and cefiderocol, a new siderophore cephalosporin that uses the bacteria's own iron uptake systems of gram-negative bacteria to better reach the site of action through the outer membrane.In addition to cefiderocol, the most important active ingredients or fixed combinations already available on the German market include ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, and aztreonam-avibactam. Imipenem-relebactam and meropenem-vaborbactam are also available; Cefepim-enmetazobactam was recently added...However, interesting new combinations, such as ceftibutene-avibactam for oral use, are in development. Such combinations could also enable the oral treatment of infections by some carbapenemase producers in the future."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Non-fermenting Gram-Negative Bacteria Causing Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Retrospective Study. (PubMed, Cureus) - "The NFGNB encountered in this study were A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and B. cepacia. P. aeruginosa was highly sensitive to aztreonam. B. cepacia and A. baumannii had maximum sensitivity for tigecycline. Future studies with bigger sample sizes must examine the pathogenic NFGNB causing LRTI and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns."

Journal • Retrospective data • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Detection and Genomic Characteristics of NDM-19- and QnrS11-Producing O101:H5 Escherichia coli Strain Phylogroup A: ST167 from a Poultry Farm in Egypt. (PubMed, Microorganisms) - "M2-13-1 is classified under ST167, serotype O101:H5, phylogroup A, and shows an MDR phenotype, having minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 64 mg/L for both meropenem and doripenem...M2-13-1 harbors genes that impart resistance to sulfonamides (sul1), trimethoprim (dfrA14), β-lactams (blaTEM-1B), aminoglycosides (aph(6)-Id, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3″)-Ib, aac(3)-IV, and aph(4)-Ia), tetracycline (tet(A)), and chloramphenicol (floR). It was susceptible to aztreonam, colistin, fosfomycin, and tigecycline...Plasmids of the IncX3 group and the insertion sequence (ISAba125) are critical vehicles for the dissemination of blaNDM and its related variants. To our knowledge, this is the first genomic report of a blaNDM-19/IncX3-carrying E. coli isolate of animal origin globally."

Journal

Ceftazidime-Avibactam Plus Aztreonam for the Treatment of Blood Stream Infection Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae Resistant to All Beta-Lactame/Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - " Treatment with CAZ-AVI + ATM or DCT may offer similar clinical outcomes for patients suffering from BSI caused by K. pneumoniae strains resistant to all available BL/BLIs. However, larger studies are required to confirm the findings."

Journal • Critical care • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock

Clinical Impact of New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales in Critically Ill Patients: Are We Ready to Face the Challenge? (PubMed, J Clin Med) - "Six patients with invasive infection were treated with Cefiderocol and five with Ceftazidime/Avibactam and Aztreonam. In absence of early identification and appropriate treatment, patients may be at increased risk of colonization spread and potentially worse clinical outcomes. Early identification of the carbapenemase type is clinically relevant in critically ill patients with confirmed or suspected infection, as NDM production necessitates the use of specific agents for effective treatment."

Journal • Critical care • Infectious Disease

Pharmacokinetics of Meropenem and Aztreonam After Intraperitoneal Administration Via Cycler-therapy in APD Patients Without Peritonitis (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2/3 | N=12 | Completed | Sponsor: Karl Landsteiner Insitute for Nephrology and Haemato-Oncology

New P2/3 trial • Chronic Kidney Disease • Renal Disease

The sustained benefits of gram-negative antimicrobial prophylaxis in total hip arthroplasty: a 10-year retrospective analysis. (PubMed, Hip Int) - "The addition of gentamicin or aztreonam prior to THA reduces the incidence of GN-related PJIs. Increased nephrotoxicity rates were limited to the mildest form, usually associated with reversibility and favourable outcomes."

Journal • Retrospective data • Infectious Disease • Orthopedics • Renal Disease

Multidrug-resistant E. Coli in wastewater sources: a comparative study and identification of resistance hotspots. (PubMed, BMC Microbiol) - "Even though resistance was less in community wastewater than hospital wastewater, community outlets might be a source of spreading resistance. Furthermore, wastewater treatment might not be enough to eliminate resistant bacteria from the effluent; as a result, the effluent quality should be continuously monitored and evaluated."

Clinical • Journal

High transconjugation efficiency of fusion plasmid pNDM_KPC in carbapenem-resistant Citrobacter freundii and its formation driven by IS26-mediated integration. (PubMed, Microbiol Spectr) - "Synergy effect and bactericidal activity were observed on aztreonam plus ceftazidime/avibactam or meropenem/vaborbactam or imipenem/relebactam. Furthermore, we identify the IS26 element downstream of the intI site as a potential recombination hotspot driving plasmid fusion. These insights deepen our understanding of carbapenemase gene transmission and call for global attention to the fusion plasmid-mediated resistance spread."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli Isolated from Raw Chicken Meat in a Selected Wet Market in Manila City, Philippines. (PubMed, Acta Med Philipp) - "High resistance rates were observed against ampicillin (92%), tetracycline (88%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (83%), chloramphenicol (79%), ampicillin-sulbactam (75%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (67%), fosfomycin (67%), and streptomycin (54%). The majority of the E. coli isolates were still susceptible to a wide range of selected antimicrobial agents, including carbapenems (100%), ceftriaxone (100%), cefepime (100%), cefuroxime (96%), cefotaxime (96%), ceftazidime (96%), piperacillin-tazobactam (96%), aztreonam (96%), cefoxitin (92%), and nitrofurantoin (83%), among others...This study suggests that chickens in wet markets can potentially serve as reservoir hosts for drug-resistance genes, which could transfer to other bacteria and contaminate humans, animals, and the environment within the food production and supply chain. These findings emphasize the need for AMR surveillance and strategies to combat AMR in the Philippines through the One Health approach."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Genetic Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from a Multicenter Study in Korea. (PubMed, Infect Chemother) - "Overall susceptibility to ceftazidime/avibactam was only 17.5%, and none of the carbapenemase-producing isolates were susceptible to it. All ST644 strains were also resistant to aztreonam."

Clinical • Journal

Pharmacokinetics of Intraperitoneal and Intravenous Meropenem, Ampicillin, Aztreonam and Ciprofloxacin in Automated Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Without Peritonitis (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2/3 | N=24 | Completed | Sponsor: Karl Landsteiner Insitute for Nephrology and Haemato-Oncology

New P2/3 trial

Effect of Mutations on the Evolution of Extended Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL). (PubMed, Protein J) - "These can hydrolyze and inactivate a broad range of β-lactams, including third-generation cephalosporins, penicillin, and aztreonam and are known to be associated with various bacterial infections, ranging from uncomplicated urinary tract infections to life-threatening sepsis.Variation is the essential raw material of Darwinian evolution and the accumulation of mutations plays one of the most important roles in it...This review focuses on the understanding of different facades of mutational pathways that lead to the adaptive evolution of ESBL phenotype. The structural and mechanistic basis of the extension of the substrate spectrum by mutations are also discussed."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Septic Shock

Unveiling the Uncommon: Roseomonas gilardii Bacteremia in a 10-Month Infant Presenting With Febrile Seizure. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed sensitivity to ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone-sulbactam, cefepime, aztreonam, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. The patient was successfully treated with ceftriaxone. Although the mortality rate associated with Roseomonas species infections is low, this report highlights the importance of microbiologicalawareness, accurate identification, and appropriate antimicrobial therapy in pediatric cases involving rare pathogens. This is particularly important in pediatric and immunocompetent patients, where timely and accurate identification of unusual pathogens can significantly influence clinical decisions and outcomes."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Otorhinolaryngology • Pediatrics • Thrombocytopenia

Diversity and antibiotic sensitivity of uropathogens from a regional hospital in Rwanda. (PubMed, Afr Health Sci) - "Very high resistance frequencies (above 70%) were observed against amoxycillin, cotrimoxazole, trimethoprim, aztreonam and fosfomycin...Resistance to the potentiated penicillins, meropenem, cefoxitin and nitrofurantoin were less than 30%...High levels of resistance were observed for most antibiotics studied. For empirical treatment of community-acquired UTI in our setting, nitrofurantoin remains effective while ciprofloxacin is not."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Pneumonia

Achromobacter xylosoxidans isolates exhibit genome diversity, variable virulence, high levels of antibiotic resistance and potential intrahost evolution. (PubMed, bioRxiv) - "Antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolates from the United States revealed high resistance to multiple antibiotics including ceftolozane/tazobactam, aztreonam, cefepime, and ciprofloxacin. Our data show that imipenem/relebactam (IMR) is not more effective against A. xylosoxidans than imipenem (IMI) alone, indicating that relebactam does not inhibit β-lactamase activity in Achromobacter...This work also showed that A. xylosoxidans are resistant to relebactam, which are effective in other bacteria. These findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted therapeutic strategies to combat this opportunistic pathogen."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Pertussis • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Personalised bactericidal combination regimens against carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (PubMed, Commun Med (Lond)) - "Polymyxin-containing combinations exhibit the highest bactericidal activity against CRPA, while fosfomycin +  aztreonam or fosfomycin + cefepime represent promising polymyxin-sparing options. A personalised in vitro test-guided treatment approach may be feasible for managing P. aeruginosa infections, particularly those involving carbapenemase production and/or difficult-to-treat phenotypes."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Monitoring, surveillance, antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity analysis of non-typhoidal Salmonella in South Africa from 1960-2023 from animal and animal products. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "The highest resistance rates were observed for cefoxitin (65.7%), cephalothin (62.8%), and tetracycline (59.8%), with a significant increase in resistance to several antibiotics, including ceftriaxone and aztreonam, from 2010-2023. The rise in antimicrobial resistance, driven by antimicrobial misuse, horizontal gene transfer, and biofilm formation, could alter serotype dynamics and changing disease epidemiology. This trend underscores the urgent need for effective antimicrobial stewardship and surveillance to combat the spread of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella populations."

Journal • Retrospective data • Gene Therapies • Infectious Disease

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica With Targeted Environmental Surveillance in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study. (PubMed, Cureus) - "All isolates (100%) were resistant to carbapenems, third-generation cephalosporins, aztreonam, and piperacillin-tazobactam. Resistance to gentamicin, colistin, and cotrimoxazole was observed in 73.3%, 66.7%, and 46.7% of isolates, respectively...Minocycline, vancomycin, and fluoroquinolones may be effective. Early detection, targeted therapy, and HICC-led surveillance are essential for control."

Journal • Retrospective data • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock

Co-resistance and plasmid-mediated co-dissemination of florfenicol and azithromycin resistance in non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from cattle in Xinjiang, China. (PubMed, BMC Microbiol) - "The findings highlight the presence of florfenicol and azithromycin resistance in bovine non-O157 STEC in Xinjiang, with floR and mph(A) genes residing on plasmids capable of horizontal transfer. Plasmids, transposons, and insertion sequences may mediate the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Ceftazidime-avibactam plus aztreonam for extensively drug-resistant gram-negative infections in critically ill patients. (PubMed, J Crit Care) - "Ceftazidime-avibactam plus aztreonam combination demonstrated significant in vitro synergy against XDR pathogens with promising trends toward improved clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, representing a crucial salvage therapy option warranting larger randomized controlled trials."

Journal • Critical care • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Septic Shock

Gram Negative Antibiotic Resistance in the Deceased Donor Setting (WTC 2025) - "Over 90% of E. cloacae were resistant to Cefoxitin (2nd generation Cephalosporin) and >34% of isolates were resistant to Nitrofurantoin...cloacae was also resistant to 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporin, Cefuroxime (>30% resistence) and Ceftriaxone (>20%)...pneumoniae was resistant to Ampicillin and Cephalothin but sensitive to most commonly prescribed antibiotics including Tigecycline (used to treat multi-drug resistant strains of K. pneumonia)...aeruginosa recovered isolates were responsive to most antibiotics with the highest resistance to Aztreonam (14%).* Our data demonstrates the antibiotic susceptibility of GNB recovered from the deceased donor population and the variability of resistance across antibiotics. Our data demonstrates the antibiotic susceptibility of GNB recovered from the deceased donor population and the variability of resistance across antibiotics. This information is useful in establishing prophylactic donor antibiotic selections when..."

Gram negative • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Antimicrobial Resistance in the Aconcagua River, Chile: Prevalence and Characterization of Resistant Bacteria in a Watershed Under High Anthropogenic Contamination Pressure. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "Samples were filtered through 0.22 μm membranes and cultured on MacConkey agar, either unsupplemented or supplemented with ceftazidime (CAZ) or ciprofloxacin (CIP)...No growth was observed on CIP plates, while 24 isolates were recovered from CAZ-supplemented media, 87.5% of which were resistant to aztreonam...from the Aconcagua River. These findings highlight the need for environmental AMR surveillance and reinforce the importance of adopting a One Health approach to antimicrobial stewardship and wastewater regulation."

Journal