aztreonam / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Therapeutic challenges in managing Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bloodstream infection in a renal dysfunction patient: a case study and literature review. (PubMed, Front Cell Infect Microbiol) - "Guided by the findings of antimicrobial combination testing, an individualized regimen consisting of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) and aztreonam (ATM) was implemented, with dose adjustments tailored according to the patient's renal function. Combined susceptibility testing emerges as a valuable tool in tailoring effective therapeutic regimens. The combination of CZA and ATM, guided by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and adjusted according to individual patient characteristics, demonstrated both safety and efficacy in the treatment of S. maltophilia bloodstream infection."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Clinical epidemiology and prognostic factors in patients with KPC-producing K. pneumoniae infections: a retrospective cohort study. (PubMed, Front Public Health) - "KPC-Kp exhibited high resistance (>90%) to most tested antibiotics (including cephalosporins, piperacillin/tazobactam, fluoroquinolones, aztreonam, and carbapenems). Significantly lower resistance was observed only to tigecycline (5.1%) and ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) (4.3%)...KPC-Kp infections demonstrated high incidence (1.16%), and severe mortality (46% in-hospital). Mortality risk was significantly elevated by KPC-Kp infection, bloodstream infection, and ICU admission, underscoring critical clinical threats."

Biomarker • Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Vascular Neurology

Unravelling the triad of penicillin-binding proteins, β-lactamase activity, and mRNA dynamics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa AmpC induction. (PubMed, J Antimicrob Chemother) - "These findings highlight that ampC transcription does not predict functional enzyme levels, especially for PBP3-binding drugs. Full induction appears to require PBP4 targeting and CreBC activation. These findings underscore the need for integrated assessment of PBP IC50, transcription, and enzymatic activity to guide rational β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor therapy, and lay the groundwork for future studies on alternative ampC regulatory pathways."

Journal

Integral-2: P3 Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Cefepime/Nacubactam and Aztreonam/Nacubactam Versus Best Available Therapy for Adults With Infection Due to Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacterales (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=126 | Completed | Sponsor: Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd. | Recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Ceftazidime–avibactam in real-world clinical practice: results from a single center (DGHO 2025) - "Early, targeted therapy is crucial for MDR GNB infections. Ceftazidime–avibactam, particularly with aztreonam, is effective against resistant pathogens, including MBL strains. ICU admission, high INCREMENT scores, and urinary catheter use correlate with increased mortality, emphasizing the need for vigilant risk assessment and tailored treatment strategies."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Pneumonia

Turbitest: an innovative rapid test for determining in vitro susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam plus aztreonam in Enterobacterales. (PubMed, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis) - "The combination aztreonam-avibactam (AZA) was developed in an attempt to overcome this challenge, as avibactam inhibits KPC and other serine-β-lactamases, enabling aztreonam (ATM) to act against MBL. TurbiTest is an inexpensive test that demonstrated a promising performance with considerably reduced turnaround time to results (less than 5 h). Interlaboratory reproducibility, as well as the performance with other bacterial population remain to be explored."

Journal • Preclinical

CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF LUNG TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS WITH POSTOPERATIVE CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT ENTEROBACTERALES INFECTIONS (CHEST 2025) - "All LTRs were treated with high-dose steroids, basiliximab induction, and 3- drug immunosuppression (tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone) at the time of LT, per our center's protocol. Infection with CRE in the early post-LT period can lead to severe illness, prolonged hospital stays, debility, and post-infectious CRE colonization. In vitro antimicrobial resistance of individual antibiotics does not equate to in vivo resistance. Combination testing is warranted, and the combination of ceftazidime/avibactam and aztreonam is an effective treatment strategy."

Clinical • Clinical data • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock • Transplantation

Susceptibility profile of Aeromonas spp. from clinical strains isolated in French Guiana. (PubMed, Microbiol Spectr) - "A secondary objective was to assess the resistance profile of these strains to cefepime (FEP), aztreonam (AZT), ciprofloxacin (CIP), levofloxacin (LEV), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT)...The median ceftazidime (CAZ) MIC was 0.125 mg/L...This study provides essential MIC distribution data for piperacillin-tazobactam and cefotaxime, offering valuable insights for guiding empirical treatment choices...By analyzing a large collection of clinical isolates, our findings contribute to evidence-based decision-making for Aeromonas infections and emphasize the importance of continued surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility. These findings suggest that PTZ and CTX may be therapeutic options for Aeromonas infections, supporting their potential use in clinical practice."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Draft genome sequence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain TUM26315, a bloodstream isolate resistant to cefiderocol and to aztreonam combined with ceftazidime-avibactam. (PubMed, Microbiol Resour Announc) - "The isolate belonged to genomic group 6 and carried blaL1B and blaL2B β-lactamase genes. It also had a frameshift mutation in the cirA gene."

Journal

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Ceftazidime-Avibactam in Clinical Isolates of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Ceftazidime-avibactam shows excellent activity against class A carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales but limited efficacy against MBL producers. The combination with aztreonam significantly enhances activity against MBL-producing strains which suggests a possible way to treat infections caused by these tough bacteria."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Imipenem/Relebactam Plus Aztreonam: First Reported Use in MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae Sternal Infection Complicated by Bacteremia. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "Sternal swab and mediastinal liquid culture results highlighted CRKP harboring blaNDM and blaKPC genes, while the blood isolate showed blaCTX and blaKPC, indicating phenotypic resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam. All the strains exhibited phenotypic susceptibility to meropenem-vaborbactam (MEV), despite having a high minimum inhibitory concentration. Following clinical failure of MEV-based therapy, combination treatment with aztreonam (ATM) and imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam (IMI/REL), plus gentamicin, was initiated...The patient completed 49 days of ATM and IMI/REL without relapse over a 3-month follow-up period. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first reported case of IMI/REL being used in combination with ATM."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Population diversity and antimicrobial resistance profiling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Australians with bronchiectasis (WBC 2025) - "Ciprofloxacin resistance was most common (33% of strains), followed by ceftazidime (25%), aztreonam (25%), cefepime (17.9%), meropenem (16.7%), piperacillin/tazobactam (14.3%), imipenem (13.1%), ceftolozane/tazobactam (12.2%), and amikacin (6%) resistance...Similarly, no AMR was so observed towards the last-line antibiotic, colistin, despite several participants in our cohort receiving long term nebulised colistin...This discovery opens up new personalised treatment avenues (qPCR, genomics, metagenomics) for rapid molecular-based AMR diagnosis. Finally, our findings highlight the importance of infection control to prevent patient-to-patient spread of AMR and MDR clones, and the need for accurate AST or genomic of P. aeruginosa to effectively eradicate infections, prevent persistence, and reduce patient morbidity and mortality."

Clinical • Bronchiectasis • Cystic Fibrosis • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

"Evaluating the susceptibility of MBL carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. to ceftazidime/avibactam plus aztreonam and Cefiderocol: A synergy study and susceptibility profile". (PubMed, J Microbiol Methods) - "This study assessed the in vitro susceptibility of aztreonam/avibactam (ATM/AVI) and the synergy analyses against 38 clinical carbapenemase-producing strains (31 Enterobacterales and 7 Pseudomonas spp.) collected over two years. MBL-type carbapenemases producers is still uncertain. Cefiderocol remains highly effective against MBL-producing Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas spp."

Journal

Safety and Tolerability of Inhaled Aztreonam in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (PubMed, Adv Respir Med) - "Aztreonam lysine for inhalation (AZLI) delivers high local antibiotic concentrations while limiting systemic exposure; however, its safety in younger patients remains uncertain. Cumulative prevalence estimates indicated that respiratory irritation occurred in 10-25% of patients, whereas systemic effects were uncommon. Overall, AZLI appears to have an acceptable tolerability and safety profile in children and adolescents, though careful monitoring is warranted, especially for severe respiratory events."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Cystic Fibrosis • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Evaluation of a Novel Rapid Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing System. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "The Selux DX system provides rapid and reliable phenotypic AST results, supporting earlier clinical decision-making and antimicrobial stewardship. However, discrepancies with certain antimicrobial agents, particularly among highly resistant reference isolates, highlight the need for further validation in larger, multicenter studies."

Journal

Evaluating Antibacterial Efficacy of Cefiderocol and Cefepime/Taniborbactam Against OXA-48-Like and NDM-Expressing Enterobacterales: An In-Vitro and In-Silico Approach. (PubMed, Curr Microbiol) - "Recently, a triple combination of ceftazidime/avibactam and aztreonam has been utilized to combat these infections. Computational studies confirmed better binding affinity for both OXA-48-like and NDM. However, in-vitro studies demonstrated that cefepime/taniborbactam and cefiderocol represent viable alternative options, specifically for OXA-48-like producers, as their effectiveness is significantly compromised in the presence of NDM."

Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Incidence and antimicrobial resistance of nontyphoidal SalmonellaNTS in children under five years of age in a peri-urban area of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso. (ASTMH 2025) - "The highest incidence was among children aged 12–23 months (10.3; 95% CI: 6.7–15.6).All isolates were susceptible to imipenem, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and aztreonam. High susceptibility (≥99%) was seen for ceftazidime, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, cefepime, and tobramycin. Resistance was low for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (2.1%), gentamicin (3.1%), streptomycin (6.2%), nalidixic acid (5.2%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (4.1%)...However, high resistance to tetracycline suggests the presence of circulating resistant strains. Continued AMR surveillance is essential to inform treatment policies."

Clinical • Late-breaking abstract • Infectious Disease

Characterization of Cefotaxime-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from Courtyard and Home Environmental Samples in Rural Bangladesh (ASTMH 2025) - "All 33 isolates were multidrug-resistant and 100% resistant to ampicillin, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefuroxime and ciprofloxacin. Further research on host-pathogen interactions and environmental persistence could provide valuable insights into the transmission dynamics of K. pneumoniae. Given the rapid emergence of resistance, ongoing genomic surveillance is crucial to monitor evolving resistance patterns and tailor public health interventions."

Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Metagenomics-driven discovery of pathogens causing healthcare associated infections in Senegal (ASTMH 2025) - "46.43% of the bacteria exhibited AMR, with at least one form of resistance to aztreonam, gentamicin, ceftazidime, and ticarcillin. To further refine these findings, 40 strains are currently undergoing WGS to ascertain their precise AMR profiles. The relatedness of the species is being determined to trace the origin of the HAIs."

Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

A RARE CASE OF CEDECEA LAPAGEI PNEUMONIA (CHEST 2025) - "The patient was started on high-flow nasal cannula and broad-spectrum empiric antibiotic therapy with Zosyn, vancomycin, and doxycycline for possible sepsis. Blood cultures identified Cedecea lapagei, prompting a targeted antibiotic regimen of ciprofloxacin and cefuroxime...The observed susceptibilities were consistent with existing reports: ciprofloxacin, meropenem, and amikacin. However, in our case, resistance was noted to Augmentin, ampicillin, aztreonam, cefazolin, and cefoxitin... This case underscores the importance of recognizing Cedecea lapagei as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients, who often present with more severe infections and worse outcomes. Given its rarity and potential resistance, targeted antibiotic therapy should be guided by susceptibility testing. Further research is needed to better understand specific risk factors and optimize management strategies."

Clinical • Anemia • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Congestive Heart Failure • Diabetes • Diabetic Nephropathy • Heart Failure • Hematological Disorders • Hepatology • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Embolism • Renal Disease • Septic Shock

blaNDM-5 is the predominant variant of blaNDM gene in Klebsiella species detected in Mississippi, USA. (PubMed, J Glob Antimicrob Resist) - "The emergence and spread of bacteria carrying blaNDM-5 gene poses a significant threat to public health in Mississippi. Our dataset warrants further study to investigate the potential role of plasmids in blaNDM-5 dissemination."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Clinical characteristics and carbapenem resistance gene of Klebsiella pneumonia isolates from children in Chongqing region from 2019 to 2024 (PubMed, Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi) - "The majority were from sputum (59.2%, 2 970/5 020), followed by pus (17.1%, 857), urine (9.7%, 487), venous blood (6.5%, 326), secretions (2.6%, 130), and other specimens (5.0%, 250).The lowest resistance rate was to amikacin (3.8%), followed by levofloxacin (10.9%), imipenem (19.1%), and meropenem (19.9%). Resistance rates to cefoperazone/sulbactam (χ²=9.982 0, P=0.001 6), piperacillin/tazobactam (χ²=10.110 0, P=0.001 5), ceftazidime (χ²=3.849 0, P=0.049 8), cefotaxime (χ²=7.605 0, P=0.005 8), cefepime (χ²=13.510 0, P=0.000 2), aztreonam (χ²=6.457 0, P=0.011 1), imipenem (χ²=4.672 0, P=0.030 7), and levofloxacin (χ²=7.555 0, P=0.006 0) showed an annual increasing trend...Patients with KPC-KP were older than those with NDM-KP. NDM-KP predominated in neonatal wards, while KPC-KP predominated in ICUs, with KPC-KP showing higher antimicrobial resistance."

Journal • Retrospective data • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections among Patients at King Fahad Specialist Hospital in Al Qassim City, KSA. (PubMed, New Microbiol) - "Antibiotic sensitivity testing showed that 72.2% of samples were sensitive to the tested antibiotics, while 27.0% were resistant to antibiotics like Amikacin, Aztreonam, Cefepime, and various carbapenems. The mortality rate was 17.4% in the study population during the study period. These findings underscore the need for enhanced infection control measures, targeted antibiotic stewardship programs, and continuous surveillance to effectively manage and reduce MRSA infections."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Experience with inhaled levofloxacin in patients with bronchiectasis not due to cystic fibrosis (WBC 2024) - "Background/Aims: Currently, there are four inhaled antibiotics (colistimethate sodium, tobramycin, aztreonam, and levofloxacin) approved for the treatment of chronic bronchial infection (CBI) caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis... Inhaled levofloxacin is the first quinolone used for the treatment of chronic bronchial infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis. Currently, there are no published data on the experience of inhaled levofloxacin in patients with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, which is why this case series is presented. At 6 months, since inhaled levofloxacin was initiated, they have presented clinical improvement, reduction in sputum volume and no new exacerbations."

Clinical • Bronchiectasis • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Cystic Fibrosis • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Non‐Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Renal dysfunction in bronchiectasis patients receiving intravenous antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations (WBC 2024) - "Piperacillin/Tazobactam (Tazocin) was the most frequently used antibiotic (n=49, 53.8%) followed by Meropenem (n=18, 19.8%) and Ceftazidime (n=12, 13.2%). Other antibiotics used included Aztreonam and Levofloxacin (4.4% each), Co-amoxiclav (3.3%) and Cefidericol (1.1%)... Renal dysfunction is common in bronchiectasis at baseline, with nearly 40% of our cohort showing an abnormal eGFR. This can be attributed to multimorbidity in bronchiectasis which is associated with higher rates of exacerbations and hospitalisations. A significant minority of patients develop renal dysfunction either de novo or as a worsening of preexisting renal disease."

Clinical • Acute Kidney Injury • Bronchiectasis • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Nephrology • Non‐Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis • Pulmonary Disease • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases