acetazolamide / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Case Report of Andersen-Tawil Syndrome: Rare Presentation of a Rare Disease. (PubMed, Ann Indian Acad Neurol) - "He was treated with potassium supplementation and later acetazolamide, with no recurrence over 2 years. This case highlights a rare adult-onset presentation of ATS without cardiac or dysmorphic features and a negative family history, contributing to the limited adult ATS literature."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Genetic Disorders • Rare Diseases

Potent Multi-Target Inhibition of Cholinesterases and Carbonic Anhydrases by Iridium(III)-Phenanthroline Derivatives: Integrated Structure-Activity Relationship, Molecular Docking and Anticancer Cell Culture Studies. (PubMed, Drug Dev Res) - "Among the tested compounds, 2a demonstrated exceptional potency with IC50 values of 66.5 ± 9.06 nM for AChE and 26.45 ± 5.00 nM for BChE, significantly outperforming tacrine. Compound 4a also exhibited strong inhibition of hCA I (IC50 = 33.0 ± 7.09 nM) and hCA II (IC50 = 41.79 ± 8.09 nM), surpassing the reference drug acetazolamide...Cell viability assays showed that compounds 1a-4a decreased PC3 prostate cancer cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 10.09, 3.95, 11.39, and 4.51 µM, respectively. This comprehensive study highlights iridium(III) complexes as multitarget therapeutic agents with potent anticholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory properties, offering promise for treating neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Genito-urinary Cancer • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Pain • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor

Add-on Diuretics in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=66 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Tanta University | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting

Enrollment open • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure

A nuclear CobW/WW-domain factor represses the CO2-concentrating mechanism in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. (PubMed, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A) - "Consistently, cbp1 mutants accumulate CAH1 and LCIB proteins and exhibit 40% higher inorganic carbon affinity under high-CO2 conditions; this phenotype is rescued by CBP1 complementation or by acetazolamide treatment...Thus, CBP1 prevents unnecessary CCM activity when CO2 is abundant, acting upstream of both transporter/channel and carbonic anhydrase modules. Our findings suggest a regulatory mechanism potentially linking zinc-dependent protein chemistry to CCM gene repression, providing insights into energy-efficient CO2 sensing in aquatic photosynthetic organisms."

Journal • BST1

Concurrent Presentation of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension and Bilateral Optic Perineuritis in a Young Boy: A Rare Clinical Entity. (PubMed, Cureus) - "The patient was treated with acetazolamide and corticosteroids, resulting in marked clinical improvement and complete restoration of vision at two-month follow-up...To our knowledge, this is the first reported case in a child. Recognition of this dual pathology is essential for timely diagnosis and effective treatment."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hypertension • Inflammation • Ocular Inflammation • Oncology • Ophthalmology • Optic Neuritis • Pain • Pediatrics

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Presenting With Reversible Hemiparesis: A Rare Stroke Mimic. (PubMed, Cureus) - "She improved significantly following LP and acetazolamide, with complete resolution of hemiparesis within one week. This uncommon presentation highlights the importance of prompt neuroimaging, early ophthalmological assessment, and LP. IIH should be considered in patients with persistent headache and acute hemiparesis once structural and vascular causes have been excluded."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hypertension • Ophthalmology • Pain

Add-on Diuretics in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=66 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Tanta University

New P2 trial • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure

Acetazolamide as a Novel Therapeutic Agent against Acute Experimental Toxoplasmosis: Insights into Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition. (PubMed, Acta Trop) - "Although the current therapeutic regimens for acute toxoplasmosis, most commonly a combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, are still considered the standard of care, they are associated with numerous drawbacks, such as bone marrow suppression, and hepatotoxicity. Histopathological examination of hepatic and renal tissue sections showed amelioration of parenchymal inflammation and scanty parasite. In conclusion, Acetazolamide demonstrated a significant promise as a therapeutic agent for combating acute murine toxoplasmosis with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Oncology • IL1B • TNFA

Assessment of cerebrovascular reserve using acetazolamide brain perfusion SPECT in Moyamoya disease. (PubMed, Asia Ocean J Nucl Med Biol) - "ACZ-challenged SPECT effectively characterizes regional CVR in MMD. Identifying Type II and III responses is a valuable predictor for ischemic vulnerability and guides the selection of surgical candidates."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Vascular Neurology

Bypass Beyond Medical Therapy: Outcomes in Chronic Carotid/MCA Occlusion with Misery Perfusion, A Single Center Experience (ISC 2026) - "Inclusion criteria were: chronic carotid/MCA occlusion, failure of maximal medical management defined by use of Dual Antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and Statin, and evidence of misery perfusion or impaired CVR on CT perfusion (CTP) Diamox challenge... In this single-center series, STA–MCA bypass in carefully selected patients with chronic carotid/MCA occlusion and impaired CVR achieved high long-term patency and low stroke recurrence rates. These findings support the role of bypass as a potential treatment option in select medically refractory patients, using specific imaging criteria and comprehensive interdisciplinary approach, warranting a further large scale prospective evaluation."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Ischemic stroke

Aggregate Multi-tiered Normalization to Enhance Detection of Impairment in Dynamic BOLD-CVR for Assessment of Hemodynamic Impairment (ISC 2026) - "The following tests the hypothesis that integrated atlas- and subject-based normalization improves identification of CVR impairment.METHODS Twenty-two patients with angiographic unilateral SOD underwent 28 BOLD-CVR studies under provocation with acetazolamide...Among an additional population of nine bilateral SOD subjects, chi-squared distance (Fig 3B) was used to compare CVR in abnormal and normal voxels.RESULTS In unilateral SOD, consistently greater delineation and volume of abnormal voxels and greater asymmetry indices were demonstrated by integrated normalization than by atlas-only assessment (Fig 3A ). Among nine bilateral subjects, chi-squared analysis showed superior discrimination between CVR of abnormal and normal voxels at all thresholds below –1.0, where regions of greater impairment are emphasized (Fig 3B ), based on Z-score risk map thresholds.CONCLUSION Integrated normalization enhances detection of abnormalities in BOLD-CVR, facilitating extension of..."

Cardiovascular

Impaired Cerebrovascular Reactivity Predicts Stroke Risk in Asymptomatic High-Grade Carotid Stenosis or Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (ISC 2026) - "Transcranial Doppler (TCD) was the most frequently used modality to assess CVR, with acetazolamide or CO2 as the vasodilatory stimulus... Impaired CVR is associated with a 3- to 4-fold increased risk of ipsilateral ischemic stroke or TIA in patients with high-grade carotid stenosis/occlusion. CVR assessment may help stratify risk and guide individualized management in this population."

Retrospective data • Review • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Hypertension • Ischemic stroke • Metabolic Disorders

Cytotoxic lesion of corpus callosum associated with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. (PubMed, Ideggyogy Sz) - "She was treated with low-molecular-weight heparin, warfarin, and acetazolamide. She was symptom-free at the two-year follow-up.Conclusion - It is crucial to recognize CLOCC and thus to unveil and treat its potential etiology. CVST should be considered in CLOCC cases, particularly in patients with prothrombotic states such as the postpartum period."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Pain • Thrombosis

Acetazolamide for Acute Heart Failure: Rethinking Clinical and Economic Value in a Field of Narrow Gains. (PubMed, Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes) - No abstract available

Journal • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure

IMPLEMENTATION OF A SYSTEM-WIDE INTRAVENOUS-TO-ENTERAL CONVERSION FOR ACETAZOLAMIDE (ACC 2026) - "Abstract is embargoed at this time."

Avoiding Post-DMEK IOP Elevation: Insights from a Standardized Surgical Approach. (PubMed, J Clin Med) - "IOP-lowering interventions consisted of venting in cases of elevated IOP, gas fill > 90%, and/or suspected angle closure or pupillary block, as well as intravenous or oral acetazolamide in cases of moderate IOP elevation with a lower gas fill and a patent iridectomy... In our patient cohort, a standardized surgical approach incorporating a surgical iridectomy at the 6 o'clock position, 10% SF6 tamponade, and maintaining a mid-normal IOP at the end of surgery effectively prevented pupillary block. We recommend early postoperative assessment of IOP and percent gas fill to promptly identify and manage impending IOP elevation, which is particularly important in patients with glaucoma."

Journal • Cataract • Glaucoma • Ophthalmology • Transplantation

Hyaluronic Acid-Palmitate Nanoparticle Delivery of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Impairs Growth and Early Metabolism in Escherichia coli Through β- and γ-Carbonic Anhydrase-Associated Processes. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Here, building on evidence that acetazolamide (AZA) delivered via hyaluronic acid-palmitate (HA-PA) nanocarriers impairs Escherichia coli growth and its glucose uptake, we investigated the physiological roles of β- and γ-class CAs using sulphonamide inhibitors with distinct selectivity encapsulated in HA-PA nanomicelles to ensure intracellular delivery. AZA, a potent dual β/γ-CA inhibitor, ethoxzolamide (EZA), a selective β-CA inhibitor, and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), a weaker inhibitor of both classes, were tested for effects on bacterial physiology...Early metabolic responses assessed via intracellular ATP after three hours of exposure revealed an unexpected and reproducible ATP increase for all inhibitors relative to untreated cells, suggesting reduced ATP consumption in bicarbonate-dependent pathways. These findings provide indirect yet compelling evidence that β- and γ-class CAs influence bacterial energy homeostasis and support the rationale for CA inhibition as an..."

Journal

High-Altitude Hypoxia Injury: Systemic Mechanisms and Intervention Strategies on Immune and Inflammatory Responses. (PubMed, Antioxidants (Basel)) - "Promising strategies include multi-level therapeutic approaches targeting oxygenation (supplemental oxygen, acetazolamide), specific pathway modulation (antioxidants, calcium channel blockers, HIF-1α regulators), and damage repair (glucocorticoids). Notably, functional foods show significant therapeutic potential: dietary nitrates (beetroot) enhance oxygen delivery, tea polyphenols and anthocyanins (black goji berry) provide antioxidant effects, and traditional herbal bioactives (astragaloside, ginsenosides) offer multi-targeted organ protection."

Journal • Review • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Respiratory Diseases • HIF1A • NLRP3

Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome in Children and Adolescents. (PubMed, Children (Basel)) - "Pharmacological approaches such as medroxyprogesterone or acetazolamide remain experimental, with limited pediatric evidence. This review synthesizes current knowledge on pediatric OHS, focusing on epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic strategies. Increased awareness and earlier recognition are essential to prevent progression to chronic respiratory failure and long-term cardiovascular complications."

Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Obesity • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Pediatrics • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Disorder

Investigation on N-Aryl-2-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide as Human Carbonic Anhydrases Inhibitors. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "Compound 3h displayed superior selectivity for hCA II over hCA I (hCA I/II = 37) and exhibited 2.5-fold higher inhibitory activity compared to acetazolamide (AAZ)...Notably, compound 3a showed the most potent inhibition against hCA XII (Ki = 6.8 nM), comparable to AAZ, while exhibiting significantly greater selectivity over off-target isoforms and the other tumor-associated isozyme (hCA IX/XII = 20 versus hCA IX/XII = 4.5 for AAZ). The present study suggests potent lead compounds as selective hCA IX and XII inhibitors with anticancer activity."

Journal • Glaucoma • Oncology • Ophthalmology • Rheumatology

Acute high-altitude illness: risk factors, susceptibility prediction, and personalized prevention and treatment. (PubMed, Front Med (Lausanne)) - "Prevention and treatment strategies span non-pharmacological acclimatization, oxygen therapy, and pharmacologic interventions (e.g., acetazolamide, dexamethasone, calcium-channel blockers, and PDE5 inhibitors), with varying levels of evidence. Individual responses to hypoxia show substantial heterogeneity, underscoring the need for personalized prevention and management strategies. Future study should develop more robust multi-parameter risk-prediction models and validate them prospectively across diverse populations and ascent contexts, and integrate wearable sensors, biomarkers, and novel drug-delivery systems into personalized interventions to enhance prevention and clinical outcomes of high-altitude exposure-related diseases."

Journal • Review • Respiratory Diseases

EFFECTIVENESS OF ACETAZOLAMIDE IN DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE WITH VOLUME OVERLOAD IN PATIENTS RECEIVING SGLT2 INHIBITORS - A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY (ACC 2026) - "Abstract is embargoed at this time."

Retrospective data • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure

IMPACT OF ADDING ACETAZOLAMIDE TO FUROSEMIDE IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE EXACERBATION AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: A RETROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER STUDY (ACC 2026) - "Abstract is embargoed at this time."

Retrospective data • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Nephrology • Renal Disease

THE ACETAZOLAMIDE PARADOX. INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION INDUCED BY ACETAZOLAMIDE: CASE AND MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS (ACC 2026) - "Abstract is embargoed at this time."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hypertension

Triazinyl-benzenesulfonamide derivatives as hCA IX inhibitors: Design, synthesis, and activity determination using an optimized stop-flow methodology. (PubMed, Bioorg Chem) - "Several compounds showed inhibitory activity and selectivity exceeding that of the clinical benchmark acetazolamide...The compound's inhibition constants were determined using stopped-flow spectrophotometry in an updated approach, which enables accurate KI determination with higher throughput. The methodology framework is described in detail to facilitate reproducibility in the field."

Journal • Oncology