acetazolamide / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

A minimal ion-chemistry model for predicting benign paroxysmal positional vertigo risk based on endolymphatic calcium and pH. (PubMed, Front Neurol) - "States with Ω>1 (supersaturation) predict otoconia stability, whereas Ω < 1 (undersaturation) predicts dissolution; hyperventilation and thiazide diuretics tend to increase Ω, while metabolic acidosis, hypoventilation, and loop diuretics reduce it; acetazolamide (carbonic-anhydrase inhibition) typically induces metabolic acidosis and therefore lowers Ω...Because direct endolymph sampling is impractical, we propose serum ionized calcium together with blood-gas-derived as non-invasive surrogates for relative-risk inference (a blood-based Ω proxy), not one-to-one estimators of absolute vestibular chemistry. This deterministic, two-input minimal framework is hypothesis-generating and complementary to the mechanical model; prospective, surrogate-based calibration and robustness testing (to C T , ionic strength/activity coefficients, K sp , and temperature) are required before clinical use."

Journal • Metabolic Disorders • Otorhinolaryngology • Vertigo

Network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro experimental validation to unveil antidiabetic mechanism of Areca Catechu. (PubMed, In Silico Pharmacol) - "Molecular docking using BIOVIA Discovery Studio revealed -CDOCKER Interaction Energy of chrysophanic acid (64.20 kcal/mol), isorhamnetin (62.52 kcal/mol), quercetin (54.54 kcal/mol), and ferulic acid (52.13 kcal/mol) had stronger binding affinities for CA-II than the reference inhibitor, acetazolamide (36.80 kcal/mol)...They also identify key lead compounds for future development as antidiabetic agents. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-025-00464-9."

Journal • Preclinical

Design and synthesis of isoxazole-functionalized benzene sulphonamides as novel inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis β-carbonic anhydrases. (PubMed, RSC Med Chem) - "Among these compounds, 12c, 12e, and 19b had the highest inhibition against the MtCA 3 with K i values between 0.08-0.09 μM compared to the standard acetazolamide with a K i value of 0.10 μM...The potential of compound 19b as a promising antitubercular agent with a MIC value of 8 μg mL-1 against mc2 6230 was further strengthened by in silico ligand-target interaction studies. Thus, compound 19b is emphasised as a promising lead in the pursuit of new, selective agents targeting MtCA 3."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Symptomatic plateau waves in a patient with leptomeningeal metastases – A multi-dimensional case report and review of the literature (WFNOS 2025) - "Interventions included CSF diversion in 8/11 (73%), acetazolamide in 2/11 (18%), and steroids in 3/11 (27%); two cases noted symptomatic improvement, one deteriorated after shunt removal...In leptomeningeal metastases, symptomatic plateau waves present as transient, posture-dependent neurologic events refractory to anti-seizure medications, with characteristic EEG and ICP findings. Additional research is necessary to further understand the characteristics of CSF, CTC, and CTDNA in patients with symptomatic plateau waves."

Case report • Clinical • Review • Brain Cancer • Breast Cancer • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • HER2 Breast Cancer • HER2 Positive Breast Cancer • Solid Tumor • HER-2

Efficacy and Safety of Acetazolamide for Congestion Relief in Patients With Cardiac Dysfunction: A Retrospective Study. (PubMed, Am J Ther) - No abstract available

Journal • Retrospective data

Optimizing Cardiovascular Outcomes in Hypertensive Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review of CPAP and Adjunctive Therapies (AHA 2025) - "Bosentan yielded a non-significant diastolic BP reduction (−3.1 mmHg; p = 0.101). Combination therapies-particularly CPAP with acetazolamide or ASV-may offer enhanced outcomes. Our findings support a tailored, multimodal treatment strategy and highlight the need for further large-scale RCTs evaluating non-CPAP interventions."

Clinical • Review • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Hypertension • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Disorder

A single center, prospective, and openlabel study on the prognostic impact of interventiontherapy with tofacilitan combined with octreotidemicrospheres on rapidly progressing autosomal dominantpolycystic kidney disease (ChiCTR) - P4 | N=80 | Completed | Sponsor: China-Japan Friendship Hospital; China-Japan Friendship Hospital

New P4 trial • Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease • Genetic Disorders • Nephrology • Polycystic Kidney Disease • Renal Disease • PKD1 • PKD2 • PRKD1

Assessment of Adjunctive Acetazolamide for Furosemide Treated Critically Ill Patients (ANZCTR) - P2 | N=144 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Dr Heidi Gaulke, Austin Health

New P2 trial • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Production, crystallographic studies, and functional profiling of γ-carbonic anhydrase from the probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri: In vitro and cell-based insights. (PubMed, Eur J Med Chem) - "CA activators were tested alone and in combination with the pan-CA inhibitor acetazolamide (AAZ), revealing CA-dependent effects on bacterial growth. Additionally, selected CA activators were evaluated for their effects on human macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells, with L-Trp (31) attenuating LPS-induced activation and exhibiting good biocompatibility in normal intestinal cells. Taken together, these results underscore the feasibility of targeting LreCAγ activation as a strategy to enhance probiotic efficacy."

Journal • Preclinical • Cholera

Dissociable effects of medication on visual-vestibular brain excitability by visual motion stimuli in episodic ataxia type 2. (PubMed, Brain Commun) - "Interestingly, the abnormal excitability in the vestibular processing cortex areas was primarily found in patients without medication (4-aminopyridine, acetazolamide) but hardly seen in patients on medication. Our findings in treatment-naïve patients reflect disease-inherent changes in visual cortical excitability in EA2, which may be reversible through anti-episodic medication. As excitability by visual motion stimuli in multi-sensory vestibular processing cortical areas was largely found in patients on medication it may also indicate an inhibitory effect on the physiological reciprocal inhibitory visual-vestibular interaction as a multisensory mechanism for self-motion perception: the annoying oscillopsia of EA2 patients is counterbalanced by decreased visual cortex activity and hence smaller inhibition of the vestibular cortex."

Journal • Ataxia • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Migraine • Movement Disorders • Pain

CORRELATION OF CEREBROVASCULAR RESERVE ASSESSED BY ACETAZOLAMIDE-STRESS SPECT WITH COLLATERALS ON ARTERIAL SPIN-LABELING MRI IN PATIENTS WITH CAROTID OCCLUSIVE DISEASE (WSC 2025) - "In 45/55 (81%) of the normal CVR group and 16/27 (59%) of the reduced CVR from the SPECT results, pulsed ASL showed ATA in ipsilateral to the stenosis. Significant positive relationship was observed between normal CVR group and ATA showing group in ICA stenosis patients on ASL brain perfusion (p=0.035, chi-square test).ConclusionsThe ATA with ASL imaging as a noninvasive and no contrast demanding technique, can depict slow flow in excellent collateral vessels and has clinical utility in detecting CVR in patients with ICA stenosis."

Clinical • Cardiovascular

EMERGING MEDICAL THERAPIES TREATING CVT (A2AP, EXTENDED LOW-DOSE DOAC, HIGH-DOSE ACETAZOLAMIDE) (WSC 2025) - No abstract available

Cardiovascular • Hematological Disorders • Thrombosis

A Randomized Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation for Prevention of Acute Mountain Sickness (ChiCTR) - P4 | N=120 | Completed | Sponsor: Second People's Hospital of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province; Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Second People's Hospital

New P4 trial

When Time Equals Vision: The Neuro-Ophthalmic Outcomes of Patients with Fulminant Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Undergoing Emergent Cerebral Transverse Venous Stenting. (PubMed, Brain Sci) - "Before stenting, patients received high-dose acetazolamide (up to 3000 mg/day) and IV methylprednisolone (1000 mg/day × 3). OCT may serve as a useful early predictor of treatment success, supporting its role in post-procedural monitoring. Larger prospective studies are warranted."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hypertension • Ophthalmology • Pain

Translational data validate OBX-115 mechanism of action: Impact of dosing on clinical outcome in advanced (adv) melanoma (ESMO 2025) - P1/2 | "Background OBX-115 TIL express membrane-bound IL15 (mbIL15) regulated by the FDA-approved small-molecule drug acetazolamide (ACZ), abrogating the need for IL2 and resulting in differentiated safety and promising efficacy (Amaria ASCO 2024, Chesney ASCO 2025). This regimen allows for low-dose LD and no IL2, which may expand pt eligibility. Ph 2 enrollment is ongoing."

Clinical • Clinical data • Metastases • Lung Cancer • Melanoma • Non Small Cell Lung Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • CD8 • IL15 • IL2 • NCAM1

The efficacy of the simple bypass protocol for chronic cerebral arterial occlusion and moyamoya disease. (PubMed, Chin Neurosurg J) - "The simple bypass protocol is an effective intervention for patients exhibiting prolonged MTT and is particularly useful in regions where stress tests such as acetazolamide or CO2 challenge testing are unavailable."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Ischemic stroke • Vascular Neurology

The Impact of Venous Stenting on Symptoms and Quality of Life in Patients with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension and Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak. (PubMed, J Neurol Surg B Skull Base) - "Diamox may be able to be discontinued in many patients following VSS. No CSF leak recurrence was noted in this patient population."

HEOR • Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hypertension • Migraine • Otorhinolaryngology • Pain

Weight loss remains a challenge for idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients: A retrospective case series from Kenya. (PubMed, eNeurologicalSci) - "Treatment was acetazolamide alone in 44 %, topiramate alone in 15 %, and combined in 30 %. Demographics are concordant with those reported internationally. However, our patients failed to lose weight, and emphasizes the need to formally incorporate weight loss plans (diet and exercise) in IIH care."

Journal • Retrospective data • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Hypertension • Obesity

Thermosensitive in situ gel powered by pectin-chitosan nanocapsules for intraocular delivery of acetazolamide: in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo evaluation. (PubMed, Drug Deliv Transl Res) - "Pharmacodynamic studies demonstrated that APCNC-ISG significantly reduced intraocular pressure and maintained the effect for a prolonged duration compared to other formulations. These findings suggest that APCNC-ISG is a promising, adaptable, and effective drug delivery system for the treatment of glaucoma."

Journal • Preclinical • Glaucoma • Ophthalmology

7814: From Collapse to Control: Rewriting OSA Treatment With Targeted Pharmacotherapy – Respiratory-Related Sleep Disorders Section (CHEST 2025) - "This session will explore the latest clinical data and mechanistic rationale behind a diverse group of agents, including tirzepatide (weight loss/passive critical closing pressure), atomoxetine-oxybutynin (dilator muscle tone), pimavanserin and buspirone (arousal threshold), and acetazolamide (loop gain). Attendees will learn how to think beyond CPAP and match the right therapy to the right OSA phenotype."

CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Sleep Disorder

HIGH ALTITUDE-ASSOCIATED INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE (CHEST 2025) - "Empiric Amantadine was started by the neurology team with the plan to await neurologic recovery...Treatment is aimed at symptom improvement by descending at least 1000 m or until improved symptoms Other treatment options include dexamethasone, acetazolamide supplemental oxygen or a portable hyperbaric chamber High altitude cerebral edema with intracranial hemorrhage is a very rare process and can be potentially fatal. This case highlights the gravity of HACE and the importance of early recognition for prompt treatment. Further investigation is warranted to explore the pathophysiology of HACE and intracranial hemorrhage."

Anesthesia • Cerebral Hemorrhage • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Hematological Disorders • Pulmonary Disease • Urinary Incontinence • Urology

A RARE BUT FATAL ENTITY: TENSION PNEUMOCEPHALUS (CHEST 2025) - "The patient was initially managed conservatively with acetazolamide, resulting in neurological improvement.Two weeks later, he experienced sudden bradycardia (50 beat per minute) and worsening confusion... In conclusion, tension pneumocephalus is a rare and potentially catastrophic complication in NPC patients. This case report emphasizes the association between extensive tumor involvement in the skull base, radiotherapy-induced osteonecrosis, and the development of tension pneumocephalus. Although infrequently reported, pneumocephalus should be considered in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients presenting with neurological symptoms."

Cardiovascular • Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma • Solid Tumor

DISTINGUISHING FAMILIAL HYPOKALEMIC PERIODIC PARALYSIS FROM OTHER CAUSES OF HYPOKALEMIA: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES (CHEST 2025) - "His medications include acetazolamide, spironolactone, and atenolol. HypoPP is an unusual musculoskeletal disorder that requires differentiation from diseases that may present similar symptoms. Suspicion heavily relies on clinical history and exclusion of secondary causes with genetic evaluation for confirmation. Management includes potassium replacement, lifestyle modifications, and prophylactic therapies to prevent episodes."

Case report • Clinical • Review • Cardiovascular • Endocrine Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Nephrology • CACNA1S

ACID-AZOLAMIDE: A CASE OF SEVERE METABOLIC ACIDOSIS EXACERBATED BY CHRONIC ACETAZOLAMIDE USE (CHEST 2025) - "While uncommon in patients that present to the ICU with severe metabolic acidosis while on acetazolamide at home, supportive care and investigation of exacerbating factors should be undertaken. However, due to the severity of illness at presentation it may take three or four days before the acidosis resolves and the serum bicarbonate returns to normal. Additionally, consideration should be given to the potentiating effects of acetazolamide in patients who have a history of acidemia, as well as careful counseling and supervision for patients on aggressive weight loss regimens."

Clinical • Acute Kidney Injury • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Pulmonary Disease • Renal Disease

DIFFERENTIAL GAS EXCHANGE IN ECMO: THE IMPORTANCE OF THE MIXING POINT (CHEST 2025) - "The alkalosis was initially attributed to contraction from aggressive diuresis, leading to initiation of acetazolamide... This case underscores the importance of recognizing differential gas exchange and its impact on acid-base disturbances during V-A ECMO. Misalignment between the acid-base status in different circulatory beds can complicate diagnosis and treatment, as seen with this patient's persistent metabolic alkalosis. Understanding this concept and targeting circulation influencing the kidneys' acid-base perception allowed for effective correction."

Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Metabolic Disorders