armodafinil / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Pharmacotherapy in obstructive sleep apnoea: a clinical guide. (PubMed, Sleep Breath) - "This review provides a practical, endotype-aligned summary of pharmacologic options for the management of OSA."

Journal • Review • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Apnea • Sleep Disorder

Presence and Impact of Fatigue in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. (PubMed, Med Sci Monit) - "Medication exposure (amantadine, modafinil/armodafinil, methylphenidate/dextroamphetamine) was recorded. CONCLUSIONS MS fatigue in veterans is highly prevalent and closely linked to metabolic comorbidities, depression, and sleep disturbance. Common fatigue medications provided no improvement in fatigue severity and quality of life."

Journal • Observational data • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Depression • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Fatigue • Metabolic Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Advances in management of sarcoidosis-associated fatigue: A narrative review. (PubMed, Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis) - "Diagnosis of SAF requires exclusion of alternative causes which may be challenging. Active disease should be treated appropriately while monitoring for adverse effects. Despite low-to-moderate quality evidence for most interventions, nonpharmacological approaches (e.g., pulmonary rehabilitation, exercise) are recommended as first-line therapy given favorable risk-benefit profiles. Larger, well-designed RCTs are needed given the substantial disease burden."

Journal • Fatigue • Immunology • Inflammation • Sarcoidosis

Fibromyalgia - a complex construct with a multidisciplinary approach (CINP 2026) - "There are three drugs approved by FDA: pregabalin, duloxetine, and milnacipran. Duloxetine and milnacipran should be used in comorbid depression; Amitriptyline is recommended for sleep disturbances, while nortriptyline is better suited to treat fatigue. Antiepileptics (gabapentin, pregabalin) have been shown to modulate pain, promote physiological sleep, and act as an anxiolytic. Other pharmacologic options for treatment of pain include tramadol, low-dose naltrexone, and NMDA receptor antagonists. Armodafinil and methylphenidate improve fatigue and mood, and increase concentration; however, they require further clinical trials.Interestingly, the administration of placebo has proven more effective than no treatment in many clinical settings... Optimal management requires prompt diagnosis and providing the patient with information about the condition. There should be a comprehensive assessment of pain, function and the psychosocial context.It is recommended that..."

CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Depression • Fibromyalgia • Mood Disorders • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Musculoskeletal Pain • Rheumatology • Sleep Disorder

Assessing the Risk of Adverse Maternal and Infant Outcomes Following Prenatal Modafinil Exposure: A French Nationwide Cohort Study. (PubMed, Drug Saf) - "This large, population-based study found no increased risk of MCMs or most adverse pregnancy outcomes following modafinil exposure. The elevated rate of elective terminations may reflect clinical decisions influenced by underlying maternal conditions such as narcolepsy. While these findings do not indicate an increased risk of MCM, caution remains warranted regarding modafinil use during pregnancy."

Journal • Narcolepsy • Sleep Disorder

Psychopharmacology of Eugeroics-The Whole Nine Yards! (PubMed, Psychopharmacol Bull) - "Eugeroics are a distinct, yet heterogeneous group of psychotropic agents that differ from classical stimulants, are less activating, of less abuse potential, sorely clinically underutilized, and have an attractive pharmacological portfolio speaking to the idea of pluripotent molecules of an expanded therapeutic potential. Herein, authors would touch briefly on the current available literature on eugeroics as germane to psychiatric practice whilst examining the extant evidence."

Journal • Review • Psychiatry

Modafinil-associated psychosis: a systematic review of case characteristics and management strategies. (PubMed, Ther Adv Psychopharmacol) - "Case reports and series in English describing psychosis related to modafinil or armodafinil use were included. Further research is needed to identify the predictive factors and elucidate the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Not registered."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Depression • Narcolepsy • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • Sleep Disorder

TREATMENT PATTERNS AMONG PEOPLE NEWLY DIAGNOSED WITH NARCOLEPSY TYPE 1 IN THE UNITED STATES: A REAL-WORLD DATA STUDY (ISPOR 2026) - "Within 12 months of diagnosis, 87.2% (506/580) received narcolepsy-related treatments (NRTs: stimulants, antidepressants) or narcolepsy-indicated treatments (NITs: sodium oxybate, pitolisant, modafinil, armodafinil, and solriamfetol); 12.8% remained untreated. Findings indicate that treatment initiation is delayed after NT1 diagnosis, with frequent polypharmacy, switching, and high discontinuation rates within 12 months of diagnosis, highlighting substantial unmet treatment needs and the necessity for newer treatment options."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Cataplexy • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Narcolepsy • Sleep Disorder

Outbreak of Stevens-Johnson syndrome/Toxic epidermal necrolysis in Singapore secondary to illicit, off-label use of Armodafanil: A report of 5 cases (AAD 2026) - "Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) are rare severe cutaneous adverse reactions that are traditionally caused by a few high notoriety drugs such allopurinol...In 2 patients who denied prior drug intake, toxicology analysis revealed urinary presence of Armodafinil & Modafinil...Ciclosporine (n=4) and Etanercept (n=1) was administered along with supportive care...Our reported 5 cases is likely a harbinger: Their popularity as a lifestyle biohack, property as a “less potent” drug of abuse, as well as their availability from unlicensed sources and online will likely fuel the increase. Lastly, toxicology studies are useful in elucidating causality in cases of SJS/TEN which may be otherwise classified as “idiopathic”."

Clinical • Narcolepsy • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Disorder • Steven-Johnson Syndrome

Real-world effectiveness and tolerability of wake-promoting agents for residual sleepiness in treated obstructive sleep apnea. (PubMed, J Clin Sleep Med) - "This retrospective study evaluated real-world use, effectiveness, and tolerability of modafinil, armodafinil, and solriamfetol in 50 adults with OSA and residual sleepiness. Response did not correlate with apnea severity, body mass index, or PAP adherence, and no single agent demonstrated superior benefit. These findings contrast with the stronger efficacy and tolerability reported in randomized controlled trials, underscoring the need for individualized therapy and realistic counseling about benefits and side effects when prescribing wake-promoting agents in clinical practice."

Journal • Real-world evidence • Retrospective data • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Psychiatry • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Disorder

Corrigendum to: Armodafinil as a Potential Pharmacological Treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults: A Review. (PubMed, Curr Neuropharmacol) - "ORIGINAL RAÚL MIRANDA-OJEDA3,4 3The Mind Project, Office for Equity, Diversity, Inclusion, and Belonging, Harvard University, Smith Campus Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; 4Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Mexico State, Toluca de Lerdo, Estado de Mexico, Mexico CORRECTED RAÚL MIRANDA-OJEDA3,4 3Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America; 4Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Av Paseo Tollocan, C. Jesu´s Carranza, Moderna de La Cruz, 50180 Toluca de Lerdo, Mexico Publisher regret the error and apologize to readers.. The original article can be found online at: https://www.benthamscience.com/article/138216."

Journal • Review • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

First Spectrofluorimetric Method for Sensitive Determination of Armodafinil in Dosage Forms and Human Plasma: Greenness, Blueness, and Whiteness Assessment. (PubMed, Luminescence) - "Furthermore, the environmental sustainability of the suggested method was assessed using contemporary tools for greenness, whiteness, and blueness evaluation. The results demonstrated that the method possesses excellent eco-friendly characteristics, highlighting its strong alignment with the principles of green analytical chemistry."

Journal • Narcolepsy

Comparative efficacy of new wake-promoting agents for narcolepsy-a network meta-analysis. (PubMed, BMC Neurol) - "All of the approved new wake-promoting drugs are effective in controlling narcolepsy symptoms with acceptable adverse effects. Trial Registration The study was prospectively registered in the INPLASY database (INPLASY2024120052)."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Cataplexy • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Narcolepsy • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

PHARMACOLOGIC VS NONPHARMACOLOGIC INTERVENTION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF EXCESSIVE DAYTIME SLEEPINESS IN OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA (CHEST 2025) - "Other pharmacologic treatments, including armodafinil, pitolisant, and solriamfetol, have demonstrated efficacy in improving wakefulness, particularly in patients with residual sleepiness. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a major concern in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), especially for those with persistent symptoms despite CPAP therapy. While CPAP remains the gold standard, other interventions offer potential benefits. Treatment options like carbocysteine and herbal remedies have shown promise in reducing EDS, though more research is needed."

Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Disorder

Efficacy of Stimulant Use for Cognitive Fluctuations in Lewy Body Dementia: A Case Study (MDS Congress 2025) - "Cognitive Fluctuations in LBD are not just debilitating for the patient, but their loved ones.. They lead to frequent hospitalizations, unnecessary medical workup, & progressively impair their cognitive abilities, personality, & physical functions. Using stimulants like armodafinil can improve quality of life for the patient & caregiver."

Case study • Clinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Dementia • Epilepsy • Lewy Body Disease • Mental Retardation • Migraine • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry • REM Sleep Behavior Disorder • Sleep Disorder

Pregnancy and Fetal Outcomes Following Prenatal Exposure to Modafinil and/or Armodafinil: A 14-Year Registry Study. (PubMed, Neurol Clin Pract) - "This 14-year prospective study of pregnant women exposed to modafinil/armodafinil reveals a higher prevalence of MCMs among live births compared with the general population. The study limitations and conflicting results across the literature highlight the need for future research to further investigate the potential teratogenic risks of modafinil/armodafinil."

Journal • Small for Gestational Age

Drug Interactions With Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Treatments. (PubMed, J Pharm Technol) - "Objective: To evaluate the potential for drug interactions with pharmacotherapy for central hypersomnolence (modafinil, armodafinil, solriamfetol, pitolisant, sodium oxybate, methylphenidate, amphetamine, lithium, clarithromycin). Available literature indicates that pharmacotherapy for central hypersomnolence is associated with clinically significant drug interventions and subsequent possible adverse reactions. Clinicians in all practice settings should be mindful of the potential to minimize drug interactions and optimize pharmacotherapy for hypersomnolence."

Journal • Review • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Sleep Disorder

Efficacy of armodafinil in moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea patients with excessive daytime sleepiness after suboptimal usage of continuous positive airway pressure treatment: a prospective study. (PubMed, Sleep Breath) - "In moderate to severe OSA patients with suboptimal CPAP usage who still experience EDS, administering armodafinil over 12 weeks period significantly improved EDS and sleep quality subjectively without compromising CPAP adherence. Armodafinil demonstrated excellent tolerability with self-limiting side effects."

Journal • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Disorder

Comparative efficacy, safety and benefit/risk of alerting agents for excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: A network meta-analysis (WSS 2025) - "Pharmacological treatment options authorised in Europe and/or the United States are modafinil/armodafinil, solriamfetol, and pitolisant. Pitolisant, solriamfetol and modafinil had comparable efficacy for maintaining wakefulness in patients with OSA. Pitolisant had a better safety profile and benefit-risk ratio compared with solriamfetol and modafinil. The overall and cardiovascular safety risk ratios suggest that pitolisant might be the best candidate for OSA patients with multiple cardiovascular comorbidities."

Retrospective data • Cardiovascular • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Apnea • Sleep Disorder

Challenges in the Treatment of Narcolepsy and the Positive Impact of Acetyl-L-Carnitine: A Case-Based Review with 20-Year Follow-Up (WSS 2025) - "Initial pharmacologic management included antidepressants, Modafinil, Armodafinil, Adderall, Concerta, Jornay, Vyvanse, and sodium oxybate (Xyrem). This case highlights the multifaceted challenges in narcolepsy management and proposes acetyl-L-carnitine as a potential adjuvant therapy in refractory cases. Given its safety profile and observed benefit in this case, ALCAR warrants further investigation through controlled clinical trials."

Clinical • Review • Barrett Esophagus • Cataplexy • CNS Disorders • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Mental Retardation • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Narcolepsy • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Residual Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and New Pharmacological Possibilities for Treatment. (PubMed, Arch Bronconeumol) - "Given the direct relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness (usually defined by an Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] value of more than 10 points) and cardiovascular, neurocognitive and quality-of-life disorders, attempts have been made for years to alleviate it with drugs (modafinil, armodafinil, sodium oxybate or amphetamines), to little effect and with a large number of adverse effects. However, unlike their predecessors, two products that have recently appeared on the market - solriamfetol and pitolisant - have achieved clinically significant reductions without any major adverse effects, in most cases. In fact, a Task Force from the European Respiratory Society has even proposed an algorithm for residual excessive daytime sleepiness and its pharmacological treatment in the context of obstructive sleep apnoea. The present review aims to define the importance of excessive daytime sleepiness, especially residual excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with..."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Apnea • Sleep Disorder

Evaluation of Drug-Drug Interactions of Modafinil and Armodafinil with Concurrent Antiretroviral Therapies: A Case Series. (PubMed, Ann Pharmacother) - No abstract available

Journal

Neuraxpharm continues international expansion with launch of Neuraxpharm Australia (PRNewswire) - "Neuraxpharm Group...announces the launch of a new affiliate, Neuraxpharm Australia, led by newly appointed Head of Commercial, Avendran Naidu, as the Company continues to expand globally...Neuraxpharm Australia will be based in Sydney and reflects Neuraxpharm's intention to market its CNS products across Australia over the coming years.....Neuraxpharm Australia will commercialise the prescription brands Nuvigil (armodafinil) and Modavigil (modafinil), both indicated for the treatment of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) in adults with narcolepsy, which were acquired by Neuraxpharm in December 2024."

Commercial • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Narcolepsy

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Armodafinil in Chinese Healthy Humans After Multiple-Dose Oral Administration. (PubMed, Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev) - "The drug was safe with no serious adverse events, yet fever occurred in 6 subjects, which was not reported before. Modafinil sulfone had significant accumulation, implying the need for further study on its central nervous system-activating properties in Chinese patients."

Journal • PK/PD data

Modafinil/armodafinil for excessive daytime sleepiness after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed, Brain Inj) - "There was no significant difference between groups in the risk of other adverse events (e.g., nausea, headache, dizziness, and nasopharyngitis). Modafinil/armodafinil effectively improved EDS after TBI, as compared with placebo, albeit with an increased risk of insomnia."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • CNS Disorders • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Infectious Disease • Insomnia • Pain • Sleep Disorder • Vascular Neurology