armodafinil / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Comparative efficacy, safety and benefit/risk of alerting agents for excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: A network meta-analysis (WSS 2025) - "Pharmacological treatment options authorised in Europe and/or the United States are modafinil/armodafinil, solriamfetol, and pitolisant. Pitolisant, solriamfetol and modafinil had comparable efficacy for maintaining wakefulness in patients with OSA. Pitolisant had a better safety profile and benefit-risk ratio compared with solriamfetol and modafinil. The overall and cardiovascular safety risk ratios suggest that pitolisant might be the best candidate for OSA patients with multiple cardiovascular comorbidities."

Retrospective data • Cardiovascular • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Apnea • Sleep Disorder

Challenges in the Treatment of Narcolepsy and the Positive Impact of Acetyl-L-Carnitine: A Case-Based Review with 20-Year Follow-Up (WSS 2025) - "Initial pharmacologic management included antidepressants, Modafinil, Armodafinil, Adderall, Concerta, Jornay, Vyvanse, and sodium oxybate (Xyrem). This case highlights the multifaceted challenges in narcolepsy management and proposes acetyl-L-carnitine as a potential adjuvant therapy in refractory cases. Given its safety profile and observed benefit in this case, ALCAR warrants further investigation through controlled clinical trials."

Clinical • Review • Barrett Esophagus • Cataplexy • CNS Disorders • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Mental Retardation • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Narcolepsy • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Residual Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and New Pharmacological Possibilities for Treatment. (PubMed, Arch Bronconeumol) - "Given the direct relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness (usually defined by an Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] value of more than 10 points) and cardiovascular, neurocognitive and quality-of-life disorders, attempts have been made for years to alleviate it with drugs (modafinil, armodafinil, sodium oxybate or amphetamines), to little effect and with a large number of adverse effects. However, unlike their predecessors, two products that have recently appeared on the market - solriamfetol and pitolisant - have achieved clinically significant reductions without any major adverse effects, in most cases. In fact, a Task Force from the European Respiratory Society has even proposed an algorithm for residual excessive daytime sleepiness and its pharmacological treatment in the context of obstructive sleep apnoea. The present review aims to define the importance of excessive daytime sleepiness, especially residual excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with..."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Apnea • Sleep Disorder

Evaluation of Drug-Drug Interactions of Modafinil and Armodafinil with Concurrent Antiretroviral Therapies: A Case Series. (PubMed, Ann Pharmacother) - No abstract available

Journal

Neuraxpharm continues international expansion with launch of Neuraxpharm Australia (PRNewswire) - "Neuraxpharm Group...announces the launch of a new affiliate, Neuraxpharm Australia, led by newly appointed Head of Commercial, Avendran Naidu, as the Company continues to expand globally...Neuraxpharm Australia will be based in Sydney and reflects Neuraxpharm's intention to market its CNS products across Australia over the coming years.....Neuraxpharm Australia will commercialise the prescription brands Nuvigil (armodafinil) and Modavigil (modafinil), both indicated for the treatment of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) in adults with narcolepsy, which were acquired by Neuraxpharm in December 2024."

Commercial • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Narcolepsy

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Armodafinil in Chinese Healthy Humans After Multiple-Dose Oral Administration. (PubMed, Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev) - "The drug was safe with no serious adverse events, yet fever occurred in 6 subjects, which was not reported before. Modafinil sulfone had significant accumulation, implying the need for further study on its central nervous system-activating properties in Chinese patients."

Journal • PK/PD data

Modafinil/armodafinil for excessive daytime sleepiness after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed, Brain Inj) - "There was no significant difference between groups in the risk of other adverse events (e.g., nausea, headache, dizziness, and nasopharyngitis). Modafinil/armodafinil effectively improved EDS after TBI, as compared with placebo, albeit with an increased risk of insomnia."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • CNS Disorders • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Infectious Disease • Insomnia • Pain • Sleep Disorder • Vascular Neurology

A Case Report: Lisdexamfetamine-Induced Delusional Parasitosis. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Although stimulant treatment with methylphenidate or mixed amphetamine salts has been associated with delusional parasitosis, there is yet a case in the literature illustrating delusional infestation secondary to lisdexamfetamine. The following case is unique in that lisdexamfetamine caused delusional parasitosis in a 53-year-old man with ADHD who previously tolerated mixed amphetamine salts and armodafinil without side effects. The discontinuation of lisdexamfetamine, coupled with a second-generation antipsychotic, quickly resolved the delusion. For those who may prescribe lisdexamfetamine or treat patients with ADHD, it is crucial to carefully assess medication use, as discontinuation or dose adjustment of the suspected causative drug can have a positive impact on the course of delusional parasitosis."

Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Dermatology • Psychiatry • Restless Legs Syndrome

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Multiple Wake-Promoting Agents for the Treatment of Residual Sleepiness in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Despite Continuous Positive Airway Pressure: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. (PubMed, CNS Drugs) - "Among all WPAs, solriamfetol demonstrated the highest efficacy on ESS and MWT, with the latter being significant. Modafinil demonstrated the best clinician impression, albeit not statistically significant. All four WPAs were associated with a low risk of serious or adverse events."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Psychiatry • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Disorder

RARE PRESENTATION OF ARMODAFINIL-INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY COMPLICATED BY VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION ARREST - Praveen Prabhu (ACC 2025) - "Clinicians should conduct a thorough cardiovascular (CV) evaluation before prescribing armodafinil to decrease the risk of developing ventricular arrhythmias or cardiomyopathy. In this patient, alternative therapies may have been utilized if LVH was seen on an echocardiogram. Thorough medication reconciliation is prudent, and stimulants must be immediately discontinued as this has led to remission of arrhythmias in prior documented cases."

Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • Coronary Artery Disease • Heart Failure • Hypertension • Myocardial Infarction • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Pulmonary Embolism • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Disorder

Management options for excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. (PubMed, Expert Rev Respir Med) - "Solriamfetol and pitolisant are wake-promoting agents (WPA) recently approved for use in sleepy OSA patients accepting or refusing OSA treatment...However, it is still uncertain which subgroups of patients should be treated for the symptom of EDS while maintaining a low-risk profile in terms of consequences of OSA on health. Until such data are available, use of WPA in OSA patients should be managed by Sleep Specialists."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Disorder

AXS-12 for the Treatment of Narcolepsy: Topline Results from the Phase 3 SYMPHONY Trial (AAN 2025) - "Stable concurrent modafinil/armodafinil use was allowed. AXS-12 met its primary endpoint, leading to a substantial, statistically significant reduction in weekly cataplexy attacks. Improvements in EDS and cognition were also observed, suggesting AXS-12 may offer effective treatment for multiple narcolepsy symptoms with a favorable safety profile."

P3 data • P3 data: top line • Alzheimer's Disease • Cataplexy • Cognitive Disorders • Constipation • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Narcolepsy • Sleep Disorder • Xerostomia

Apotex acquires US rights to PROVIGIL (modafinil) and NUVIGIL (armodafinil) (Canada Newswire) - "Apotex Inc...today announced that its affiliate Nuvo Pharmaceuticals (Ireland) DAC has acquired the United States rights to PROVIGIL (modafinil) and NUVIGIL (armodafinil)...PROVIGIL and NUVIGIL each improve wakefulness in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea or shift work sleep disorder, and are prescribed by psychiatrists, endocrinologists, internists, sleep specialists, and primary care physicians."

Commercial • CNS Disorders • Narcolepsy • Sleep Disorder

Armodafinil as Monotherapy in Treating Narcolepsy with Cataplexy. (PubMed, Cureus) - "In narcolepsy with cataplexy, sodium oxybate and the recently FDA-approved drug pitolisant are preferred medications. Armodafinil, a longer-acting, non-amphetamine stimulant, is often used in patients who have narcolepsy without cataplexy...It is known that sodium oxybate, through its gamma-aminobutyric acid type B (GABA-B) receptor agonist activity, helps in cataplexy and EDS. However, in some instances, like this patient, armodafinil alone improves the symptoms of cataplexy and maintains wakefulness."

Journal • Monotherapy • Cataplexy • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Narcolepsy • Sleep Disorder

Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor is Associated with Lower Mortality Among Patients Presenting with Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (AHA 2024) - "Patients with a history of myocarditis, pheochromocytoma, acute myocardial infarction, cocaine-related disorders, opioid-related disorders, and patients on with an active prescription for 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, gemcitabine, and trastuzumab were excluded. Additionally, patients on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, modafinil, armodafinil, methylphenidate, bupropion and atomoxetine were excluded...The final study population was divided into two cohorts: Patients on SNRIs (duloxetine, venlafaxine, and desvenlafaxine) and patients not on SNRIs... The use of SNRIs among patients presenting with takotsubo cardiomyopathy is associated with lower mortality and lower takotsubo cardiomyopathy-related complications."

Clinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Atrial Fibrillation • Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Depression • Endocrine Cancer • Inflammation • Myocardial Infarction • Neuralgia • Oncology • Pain • Psychiatry • Solid Tumor

Comparative efficacy, safety and benefit/risk of alerting agents for excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: a network meta-analysis. (PubMed, EClinicalMedicine) - "The aim of this study is to compare the relative efficacy and safety of medications authorised for this indication in Europe and/or the United States (modafinil/armodafinil, solriamfetol, and pitolisant) for OSA. The overall and cardiovascular safety risk ratios suggest that pitolisant might be the best candidate for patients with OSA with multiple cardiovascular comorbidities. Bioprojet."

Benefit-risk assessment • Journal • Retrospective data • Cardiovascular • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Apnea • Sleep Disorder

Excessive daytime sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea: Indirect treatment comparison of wake-promoting agents in patients adherent/nonadherent to primary OSA therapy. (PubMed, Sleep Med Rev) - "This network meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of wake-promoting agents (WPAs), namely solriamfetol, pitolisant, modafinil, and armodafinil, for treating residual EDS in patients with OSA. Our analysis comprehensively compared the effects and adverse reactions of different WPAs in treating residual EDS in treated patients with OSA. This has significant implications for the practical clinical use of WPAs and future research."

Journal • Review • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Disorder

Efficacy and Safety of Modafinil/Armodafinil for Post-Traumatic Hypersomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (EAN 2024) - "Treatment with modafinil or armodafinil was associated with a significant reduction in somnolence in post-TBI patients when compared to placebo. However, this therapy also increased the risk of insomnia. Further research is warranted to optimize the risk-benefit profile of these agents in this population."

Retrospective data • Review • CNS Disorders • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Infectious Disease • Insomnia • Pain • Sleep Disorder • Vascular Neurology

EEG evaluation of the influence of rTMS in the rehabilitation of patients with ischemic stroke. (EAN 2024) - " The main trend of influence of rTMS on the brain activity is associated with a clear increase in the share of alpha rhythm, especially FIGURE 1 In patients with post-traumatic hypersomnia, somnolence, as measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, was significantly reduced in the modafinil/armodafinil when compared to placebo... rTMS appears to be a promising therapeutic method to improve functional recovery in patients with ischemic stroke. The routine use of EEG is an invaluable technique for monitoring and optimizing the individual effect of each patient during the course of treatment."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Ischemic stroke • Sleep Disorder

Evaluating pharmacological treatments for excessive daytime sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea: A comprehensive network meta-analysis and systematic review. (PubMed, Sleep Med Rev) - "Solriamfetol, followed by Pitolisant and modafinil, exhibited the greatest ESS reduction, while Danavorexton, followed by Solriamfetol and MK-7288, had the strongest impact on MWT. MK-7288 had the most total adverse events (AEs), followed by Danavorexton and armodafinil. Pharmacological Interventions significantly alleviate EDS in OSA patients but with heterogeneity across medications. Treatment decisions should involve a personalized assessment of patient factors and desired outcomes."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Disorder

Modafinil / Armodafinil in Bipolar Disorder: Lesson Learned, Roadmap Forward (ASCP 2024) - "bimodal mood stabilization quetiapine, cariprazine), were co-prescribed with an antimanic agent (i.e. olanzapine fluoxetine combination), or generally assumed to have antimanic properties as a class effect in bipolar disorder (i.e. lurasidone, lumataperone). Better understand design challenges in a non-mood stabilizer being investigated for bipolar depression 2. Appreciate subtypes of bipolar depression that may prove useful for subsequent narrower investigation Literature"

Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Narcolepsy • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Revisiting Modafinil / Armodafinil in Bipolar Disorder Targeting Cognition, Depression, and Sleep Circadian Rhythm (ASCP 2024) - "To review the methodological limitations of developing modafinil / armodafinil for bipolar depression 2. Better understand cognitive impairment and sleep circadian rhythm in bipolar disorder and as a target for modafinil / armodafinil Literary"

Alzheimer's Disease • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Narcolepsy • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Effectiveness of biomedical interventions on the chronic stage of traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. (PubMed, Front Neurol) - "Our search results indicate that despite the largest volume of literature, pharmacological interventions, especially using neurostimulant medications to treat physical, cognitive, and mental fatigue, as well as daytime sleepiness, have yielded inconsistent results, such that some studies found improvements in fatigue (e.g., Modafinil, Armodafinil) while others failed to yield the improvements after the intervention. Conversely, brain stimulation techniques (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation, blue light therapy) and exercise interventions were effective in ameliorating mental health symptoms and cognition. However, given that most RCTs are equipped with small sample sizes, more high-quality, larger-scale RCTs is needed."

Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Fatigue • Sleep Disorder • Vascular Neurology

Armodafinil as a Potential Pharmacological Treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults: A Review. (PubMed, Curr Neuropharmacol) - "Armodafinil could be useful for the treatment of ADHD in adults, according to the review of the literature from both pre-clinical and clinical studies."

Journal • Review • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Fatigue • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

A Review of Current and Future Pharmacologic Treatments for Narcolepsy (EPA 2024) - " Treatment historically has included medications developed for the treatment of other conditions such as psychostimulants (methylphenidate, modafinil/armodafinil, pemoline) and antidepressants (SSRIs,TCAs)...Pitolisant, a histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist, is approved for the treatment of EDS or cataplexy in adult patients with narcolepsy (and children> 6 years in European Union) (Keam SJ.Paediatr Drugs...Solriamfetol, a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (DNRI) is indicated to improve wakefulness in adult patients with EDS associated with narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (Winter Y, et al... Despite limited understanding of the pathophysiology of narcolepsy there have been substantial advances in the pharmacotherapy, including medications now approved for children. Early diagnosis and treatment are associated with better outcomes. In view of the chronic and disabling morbidity associated with narcolepsy further research and better access to..."

Review • Cataplexy • CNS Disorders • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Narcolepsy • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Sleep Disorder