amphetamine/dextroamphetamine immediate release tablet / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Understanding Path to Diagnosis, HCP Relationships, and Treatment Regimens Among People Living With Narcolepsy (WSS 2025) - "Current medications for narcolepsy most commonly included traditional stimulants (56%; [Adderall®, Ritalin®, etc.]) and antidepressants (38%). These findings highlight the challenges PWN face, emphasizing the need for expedited diagnosis and access to specialized healthcare. Despite greater satisfaction with care from sleep medicine specialists, there is a shortage in this field. This gap underscores the necessity for improved treatment regimens and enhanced discussions between PWN and HCPs to address mental health support and long-term planning."

Narcolepsy • Sleep Disorder

Challenges in the Treatment of Narcolepsy and the Positive Impact of Acetyl-L-Carnitine: A Case-Based Review with 20-Year Follow-Up (WSS 2025) - "Initial pharmacologic management included antidepressants, Modafinil, Armodafinil, Adderall, Concerta, Jornay, Vyvanse, and sodium oxybate (Xyrem). This case highlights the multifaceted challenges in narcolepsy management and proposes acetyl-L-carnitine as a potential adjuvant therapy in refractory cases. Given its safety profile and observed benefit in this case, ALCAR warrants further investigation through controlled clinical trials."

Clinical • Review • Barrett Esophagus • Cataplexy • CNS Disorders • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Mental Retardation • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Narcolepsy • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Running into Trouble: A Case of Acute Liver Failure From Severe Rhabdomyolysis After a Marathon (ACG 2025) - "We present the case of a healthy young adult who developed acute fulminant liver failure and renal failure following marathon-associated heat stroke and rhabdomyolysis, possibly exacerbated by Adderall use.Case Description/ A 21-year-old male with a history of ADHD on Adderall presented with altered mental status during a marathon after reportedly ingesting Adderall mid-race...The patient was treated with N-acetylcysteine, hemodialysis, lactulose, and supportive ICU care...While rhabdomyolysis is typically associated with renal complications, this case underscores its potential to precipitate acute liver failure. Prompt recognition, early ICU intervention, and multidisciplinary management can lead to full recovery even in fulminant presentations.Figure: Figure 1: Pathology image showing hepatic fibrosis."

Clinical • Acute Kidney Injury • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Fibrosis • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Hepatology • Immunology • Liver Failure • Nephrology • Psychiatry • Renal Disease

Stimulant-Induced Ischemic Colitis (ACG 2025) - "Of note, she had transitioned from lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) to amphetamine-dextroamphetamine (Adderall) one month prior for management of ADHD. Figure: Coronal image from a CT of the abdomen and pelvis with IV contrast that demonstrates circumferential wall thickening of the colon at the splenic flexure with associated mild peri-colonic fat stranding. Not captured on this single slice image is that these findings involve a longer segment of the colon including an entirety of the splenic flexure."

ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Atherosclerosis • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Dermatology • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Psychiatry • CRP

Drugs for ADHD. (PubMed, Med Lett Drugs Ther) - No abstract available

Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Intraoperative Hypotension in a Patient on Chronic Amphetamines: Anesthetic Challenges in Catecholamine-Depleted States (ASA 2025) - "A 40-year-old man with hypogonadal hypogonadism and ADHD on chronic Adderall therapy presented for excision of a buccal mucosal lesion and sialoadenectomy with ductal dilation...He was successfully extubated with stable vitals. This case underscores the anesthetic challenges posed by catecholamine-depleted patients on chronic amphetamine therapy."

Clinical • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Anesthesia • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Hypotension • Psychiatry

Ischemic cardiomyopathy in a 43-year-old male with stroke during admission: the role of chronic amphetamine-dextroamphetamine use. (PubMed, Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol) - "Cardiomyopathy associated with amphetamine-dextroamphetamine (Adderall) use is an emerging and under-recognized clinical concern, particularly in the context of chronic stimulant exposure...Unlike prior reports of reversible non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, this case required surgical revascularization, underscoring the irreversible nature of the damage in some patients. It uniquely highlights the synergistic contribution of stimulant-induced toxicity and underlying CAD to the development of severe cardiac dysfunction."

Journal • Acute Coronary Syndrome • Atherosclerosis • Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Coronary Artery Disease • Diabetes • Fibrosis • Heart Failure • Hypertension • Metabolic Disorders • Pulmonary Disease

United States trends in non-prescribed use of Adderall and Ritalin: Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study estimates from 2013 to 2022. (PubMed, Addiction) - "Despite an increase in dispensing of prescription stimulant medications in the United States, the prevalence of nonprescribed Ritalin or Adderall use does not appear to have increased, as assessed in the nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. The prevalence of nonprescribed Ritalin or Adderall use among young adults aged 18-24, the age group with the highest nonprescribed use prevalence, declined 2013 to 2022."

Journal

Examining College Students’ Exposure to Substance Use Disorders and Attitudes Toward Treatment (CPDD 2025) - " We recruited college students from introductory psychology courses to take a voluntary survey in which they were randomly presented a vignette where the protagonist met DSM-5 SUD criteria involving 1 of 7 substances (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, Adderall, cocaine, Vicodin, and heroin)... Exposure to situations involving persons with SUDs appears to be common among college students. Participants’ generally positive beliefs about SUD treatment effectiveness 1 contrasted with the relatively high rates of perceived non-treatment seeking behaviors among their family or friends with SUD. Our findings support current research efforts to examine possible roles of students in assisting friends or family members with SUD to avail of treatment."

Navigating the Labyrinth: Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder With Comorbid ADHD and Substance Use Disorder (APA 2025) - "Initially hyperverbal and anxious, she was redirectable but admitted to noncompliance with her medications, including Adderall and Abilify...Due to persistent hyperverbal speech and decreased sleep, Abilify was switched to Seroquel, titrated to 200 mg at bedtime...This case underscores the importance of a tailored treatment approach when addressing rapid-cycling bipolar disorder with comorbid conditions. Future studies should explore alternative treatments that effectively manage ADHD in the context of bipolar disorder and substance use, with a focus on minimizing the risk of addiction and mood destabilization."

Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Depression • Grave’s Disease • Insomnia • Major Depressive Disorder • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

A qualitative systematic thematic review of motivations for medical use of prescription stimulants among adults with ADHD. (PubMed, J Affect Disord) - "Improving access to non-pharmacological interventions and updating treatment guidelines remain essential. A multi-modal approach is required to optimize outcomes for adults with ADHD."

Journal • Review • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Intrauterine Exposure to Psychotropic Medications as a Risk Factor for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (PAS 2025) - "Those with exposure to psychotropic medication were more likely to also have exposure to other substances (i.e., alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, and methamphetamine) (84% vs. 69%; p< 0.05; Table 1). Of the 1,305 infants included in the ESC-NOW study, 297 (22.8%) had antenatal co-exposure to psychotropic medications. The mean length of stay was 1.6 days longer for infants with psychotropic exposure compared to those without exposure (12.1 vs. 10.5 days, respectively; p < 0.001) (Table 2)."

Clinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Substance Abuse

Prolonged Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine Use: An Unrecognized Cause of Cardiomyopathy. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Adderall (amphetamine-dextroamphetamine), manufactured by Shire, Teva, and Impax Pharmaceuticals (Lexington, MA), is a commonly prescribed stimulant for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)...Given the increasing use of stimulant medications, early recognition of cardiovascular risks is essential to prevent irreversible cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Further research is needed to elucidate long-term outcomes and optimal management strategies for affected patients."

Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Psychiatry • Transplantation

The Role of Expectancy for Cognitive Enhancement in College Students Using Prescription Stimulants Nonmedically (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=0 | Withdrawn | Sponsor: University of Alabama at Birmingham | N=100 ➔ 0 | Not yet recruiting ➔ Withdrawn

Enrollment change • Trial withdrawal

SPEEDY HEART, RISKY BUSINESS: A CASE OF ADDERALL-INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY IN A YOUNG FEMALE - Sudeep Nugooru (ACC 2025) - "She was compliant with her home medications of Adderall and Venlafaxine...Echocardiogram showed significantly reduced LVEF <30%.Decision-making: The patient received IV Lasix for diuresis and antibiotics for suspected pneumonia... This case highlights the need to consider cardiomyopathy as a potential adverse effect of Adderall, especially in patients with existing psychiatric conditions and significant psychosocial stressors. Given the risk of developing serious cardiovascular conditions, such as cardiomyopathy, pre-treatment screening could help identify patients at higher risk. The implications suggest a potential role for cardiac surveillance tests before initiating Adderall."

Clinical • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Bipolar Disorder • Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Depression • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Mood Disorders • Pneumonia • Post-traumatic Stress Disorder • Psychiatry • Pulmonary Embolism • Respiratory Diseases

LONG TERM HIGH DOSE ADDERALL USE RESULTING IN NON-ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY - Matthew T. McAuliffe (ACC 2025) - "Acute cardiovascular effects of stimulants are well documented. Long-term effects of ADHD therapies are less understood. With the increasing use of stimulants to treat ADHD, medication induced non-ischemic cardiomyopathy must be considered in younger populations presenting with heart failure."

ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Asthma • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Hypertension • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy • Immunology • Otorhinolaryngology • Psychiatry • Pulmonary Disease • Pulmonary Embolism • Respiratory Diseases • Sinusitis • Vasculitis

Stimulant Effects on Disruptive Behavior (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=10 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Matthew J O'Brien, PhD, BCBA-D | Trial completion date: Jan 2025 ➔ Aug 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2025 ➔ Mar 2027

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Behavior Disorders • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Plasma microRNAs to Select Optimal Patients for Antibody Production from Anti-Addiction Vaccines. (PubMed, Vaccines (Basel)) - "Background: Cocaine and illicit amphetamines (disguised as "Adderall") are being laced with fentanyl and producing accidental and intentional fatal overdoses. Furthermore, 11 among 1673 genes were targeted by 3 or more of the 12 down DE-miRs. A significant DE-miR for identifying optimal antibody responders replicated previous vaccine study predictors (miR-150), and several more miRs appear to be strong candidates for future consideration in replications based upon significance of individual DE-miRs and upon multiple miRs converging on individual genes."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • MIR150

Prescription Stimulant Dispensing to US Children: 2017-2023. (PubMed, Pediatrics) - "Stimulant dispensing to children declined after the pandemic began. Dispensing may also have declined after October 2022, but estimates were not significant, partly because decreased dispensing of immediate-release mixed amphetamine salts was offset by increased dispensing of other stimulants. Findings suggest the shortage may have prompted children to switch to alternative stimulants. Future research should evaluate whether any switches led to adverse events."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease

Cardiovascular Effects of Adderall in Healthy Adults. (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=30 | Completed | Sponsor: Mayo Clinic | Phase classification: P1 ➔ P4

Phase classification • Cardiovascular

"I Been Taking Adderall Mixing it With Lean, Hope I Don't Wake Up Out My Sleep": Harnessing Twitter to Understand Nonmedical Prescription Stimulant Use among Black Women and Men Subscribers. (PubMed, medRxiv) - "Greater attention needs to be paid to how Black women and men use social media to discuss important topics like drug use. Natural language processing methods and social media research should include larger proportions of Black, Hispanic/Latinx, and American Indian populations in development of emotion and sentiment lexicons, otherwise outcomes regarding NMPSU will not be generalizable to populations writ large due to cultural differences in communication about drug use online."

Journal

Need for Speed An Investigation into Online Demand Health Hazards and Notable Incidents of Substandard and Falsified Adderall (ASHP 2024) - No abstract available

Cardiovascular Manifestations of Amphetamine Misuse: A Pooled Analysis (AHA 2024) - "Background:In the United States, the misuse of stimulants such as the amphetamines Adderall and Ritalin is rising. This pooled analysis highlights the significant cardiovascular risks associated with amphetamine misuse, particularly hypertension, smoking, and diabetes. There is an urgent need for coordinated psychiatric-cardiological interventions, focusing on early detection, comprehensive addiction therapy, and managing cardiovascular health to improve patient outcomes."

Retrospective data • Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Coronary Artery Disease • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Heart Failure • Hypertension • Metabolic Disorders • Myocardial Infarction • Psychiatry

Acute Pressor, Chronotropic and Adrenergic Effects of Adderall - A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Crossover Study (AHA 2024) - P1 | "Healthy subjects consuming a modest dose of Adderall manifest striking increases in BP, HR and sympathetic activation, even during supine rest. These findings may have important mechanistic implications for understanding acute CV events and long-term risk of CV disease associated with stimulant medications."

Clinical • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Hypertension • Myocardial Infarction • Narcolepsy • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine-Induced Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report on Heart Failure in a Young Addict. (PubMed, Cureus) - "To address his cardiac and concomitant issues, the patient is currently on a complete pharmaceutical regimen that includes atorvastatin, aspirin, furosemide, spironolactone, enoxaparin, omeprazole, and carvedilol. To maximize results and stop additional cardiac deterioration, patients with dual diagnoses, especially those involving amphetamine use and preexisting cardiac conditions, need to be carefully monitored and managed by a multidisciplinary team."

Journal • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Narcolepsy • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder