amifostine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Efficacy of Treatment and Prevention of Radiation-induced Oral Mucositis- Systematic Review (AAO-HNSF 2025) - "Review of these papers papers supports good oral care, IMRT, radiation shields, palifermin, and amifostine. To our knowledge, this study represents the largest review of RIOM. It is limited by the diversity of study designs, sample sizes, patient characteristics, and outcome measures. While there is no objectively universal treatment for RIOM, preliminary results from this review show promise with multiple therapies."

Clinical • Review • Head and Neck Cancer • Mucositis • Oncology • Stomatitis

An alternative approach to replacing the synthetic radioprotective drug amifostine with natural compounds in a piscine model exposed to 60Co gamma radiation. (PubMed, Appl Radiat Isot) - "Results demonstrated that while amifostine exhibited the strongest radioprotective effects, MOLE, kaempferol, and quercetin also showed significant protection, indicating that natural compounds are viable alternatives to synthetic radioprotectors. This study suggests a promising shift towards natural radioprotective agents, minimizing the negative effects associated with synthetic drugs."

Journal

Application of dicentric chromosome assay for evaluation of radioprotective effect. (PubMed, Biol Methods Protoc) - "Here, we present a detailed, reproducible protocol for applying the dicentric chromosome assay for in vitro evaluation of radioprotective agents, including novel piperazine derivatives compared with amifostine and its active metabolite WR-1065...Integrating manual scoring with automated analysis using the Metafer system ensures accurate and efficient assessment. Thus, this protocol bridges the fields of biological dosimetry and preclinical screening of radioprotective agents, providing a reliable framework for emergency radiation dose estimation and the development of new radiation medical countermeasures."

Journal • Review

Molecular engineering of melanin for enhanced biological γ-ray protection (ACS-Fall 2025) - "Remarkably, engineered melanin materials demonstrated unprecedented in vivo γ-ray protection, increasing mice survival from ~12% to 100%, alleviating multi-organ injuries, which greatly outperformed commercial Amifostine and superoxide dismutase. Overall, this work offers a molecular tuning approach beyond the natural synthetic pathway for melanin structure-property-function design."

Systematic Review of the Management of Fibrosis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients (AAO-HNSF 2025) - "Among the eight studies analyzed, pharmacological interventions included pentoxifylline-tocopherol, pravastatin, amifostine, and topical superoxide dismutase (SOD). Improvements in HNC fibrosis after current treatments range from 35% to 97% of patients, with combination therapies offering the most promising results. Further research is needed to investigate and optimize long-term outcomes of these therapies."

Clinical • Review • Fibrosis • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Head and Neck Cancer • Immunology • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Liposome-encapsulated drug delivery inhibits ferroptosis and alleviates radiation injury (ACS-Fall 2025) - "Amifostine liposomes can enhance the radiation protection effect and reduce the toxicity by regulating the iron death pathway mediated by GPX4, which provides a new strategy for the development of new radiation protection agents."

GPX4

Methyl jasmonate mitigates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity via modulation of Caspase-3/COX-2/ NF-κB signalling pathway: In silico, In vitro, and In vivo investigations. (PubMed, Pathol Res Pract) - "Initially, we performed molecular docking to evaluate the binding affinity of MeJA against the caspase-3, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) proteins in the presence of the reference drug amifostine. These findings collectively highlight the therapeutic potential of MeJA in alleviating cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity through modulation of apoptosis and inflammatory pathways. MeJA may serve as a promising nephroprotective agent, warranting further clinical investigation for its potential application in oncology settings."

Journal • Preclinical • Inflammation • Oncology • CASP3 • PTGS2

Microbiota Modulation of Radiosensitiveness and Toxicity in Gastrointestinal Cancers: What Radiation Oncologists Need to Know-A Review on Behalf of the Italian Association of Radiobiology (AIRB). (PubMed, Curr Issues Mol Biol) - "The impact of pre-treatment microbiota analyses should be addressed in prospective studies to verify the efficacy of patient-level tailored strategies. Additionally, the repurposing of radioprotective agents with innovative delivery systems, such as encapsulated amifostine, holds significant promise for mitigating small bowel toxicity, thereby enabling more effective RT treatment."

Journal • Review • Anal Carcinoma • Colorectal Cancer • Esophageal Cancer • Gastrointestinal Cancer • Hepatocellular Cancer • Oncology • Rectal Cancer • Solid Tumor • Squamous Cell Carcinoma • Transplantation

Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Fruits, their Phytochemicals, and Composite Herbal Products as Adjuncts in Preventing Ionizing Radiation Effects: Possible Use in Clinics. (PubMed, Mini Rev Med Chem) - "Moreover, even at optimal doses, the FDA-approved drug, amifostine (also known as WR-2721 [S-2- (3-aminopropyl-amino) ethyl phosphorothioic acid], exhibits significant toxicity...Currently, there are no clinically effective non-toxic medications that are beneficial in mitigating radiation-induced ill effects. In lieu of this, for the first time, this review compiles the positive effects of fruits, phytochemicals, and their byproducts, chyawanprash and triphala, on radiation-induced damage, the mechanisms by which these effects occur, and the gaps that must be filled in order for future research to help people and the agricultural and nutraceutical industries."

Journal • Head and Neck Cancer • Mucositis • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Oral administration amifostine-grafted chitosan nanodrug for intestinal radioprotection. (PubMed, Int J Biol Macromol) - "It also maintains the gut microbiota homeostasis of the irradiated mice. This work provides a promising approach for effectively mitigating radiation-induced intestinal injury, and adds insights into decay and minimum side effects."

Journal • Gastrointestinal Disorder

Local amifostine administration mitigates chemotherapy-induced esophageal mucosal damage: a novel approach for targeted treatment in a rabbit model. (PubMed, Histol Histopathol) - "This study provided evidence that damage caused by the local infusion of DDP might be reduced by pre-treatment of the cytoprotective agent amifostine."

Journal • Preclinical • Gastrointestinal Disorder

Protective Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Amifostine Against Radiotherapy-Induced Kidney Injury. (PubMed, Life (Basel)) - "In contrast, there was a decrease in necrotic tubules, degenerative Bowman's capsules, and the levels of MDA, Cleaved Caspase-3, and 8-OHdG in the amifostine and dexmedetomidine 100 µg/kg and 200 µg/kg treatment groups (p ≤ 0.05). Alpha 2 adrenergic receptor agonists exhibit protective effects against kidney injury induced in association with x-irradiation by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis."

Journal • Nephrology • Oncology • Renal Disease • CASP3

Deficient FANCL Predisposes Endothelial Damage: A New Therapeutic Target for Pulmonary Hypertension. (PubMed, Am J Respir Crit Care Med) - "Deficient Fancl plays a key role to promote PAH and targeted rescue of Fancl could be a novel effective strategy for the treatment of PAH."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Hematological Disorders • Hypertension • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • FANCL • TGFB1

Amifostine-loaded Prussian blue nanoparticles for simultaneous efficient radioprotection and deep decorporation of radiocesium. (PubMed, Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces) - "Furthermore, the deep excretion of cesium is achieved via feces along the metabolic pathway of Am@PB, leading to an enhanced decorporation efficiency of over 50 % compared to orally administered commercial PB. This work provides a design strategy for efficient radioprotective decorporation agents with potential applications in the treatment of internal radiocesium contamination."

Journal • Oncology

Identification of Potential Prophylactic Medical Countermeasures Against Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS). (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Within this manuscript, several compounds, Amifostine, Captopril, Ciprofloxacin, PrC-210, 5-AED (5-androstene-3β,17β-diol), and 5-AET (5-androstene-3β,7β,17B-triol), are assessed for their ability to protect against ARS in an in vitro and/or in vivo setting. In addition to evaluating the radioprotective performance of each compound, this study establishes a distinct set of in vitro assays to predict the overall efficacy of potential radioprotectors in an in vivo model of ARS. Furthermore, these results highlight the need for FDA-approved medical intervention to protect against ARS."

Journal

Ursolic acid derivative UA312 ameliorates ionizing radiation-induced cardiotoxicity and neurodevelopmental toxicity in zebrafish via targeting chrna3 and grik5. (PubMed, Acta Pharmacol Sin) - "Currently, amifostine is the only radiation-protective agent used for clinical indications related to radiation therapy, but this compound has multiple drawbacks including high toxicity, short half-life and no protective effect on the nervous system...In conclusion, this study identified a promising radioprotective drug, UA312, which alleviates IR-induced cardiotoxicity and neurodevelopmental toxicity in zebrafish by targeting chrna3 and grik5. UA312 may be developed as a novel radioprotective agent against acute IR damage in humans."

Journal • Cardiovascular

Protective Effect of Amifostine on Radiotherapy-Applied Cardiovascular Tissue. (PubMed, Anatol J Cardiol) - "AMI has a radioprotective and antioxidant effect against RT-induced cardiovascular toxicity."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Inflammation • CD68

Preventing Hearing Loss in Children Receiving Cisplatin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (PubMed, Laryngoscope) - "These results show mild success in reducing the incidence of hearing loss in children undergoing chemotherapy with cisplatin. However, the literature is limited, and further investigation is warranted."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Otorhinolaryngology

Probing the Multitargeted Potency of FDA-approved Amifostine against MRSA and Control Comparison with Sulfamethoxazole to Establish Alternative Medications. (PubMed, Microb Pathog) - "We also performed Interaction Fingerprints, pharmacokinetics, 5ns WaterMap and 100ns MD Simulation in water. We compared the results and extended the study with binding free energy and total energy of each MD simulation trajectory computations and found that Amifostine is a far better drug than Sulfamethoxazole-however, experimental validation is needed before its human use."

FDA event • Journal • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Ovarian Cancer • Septic Shock • Solid Tumor

Screening model in Caenorhabditis elegans for radioprotective natural products. (PubMed, Int J Radiat Biol) - "Known radioprotective agents, including Amifostine (WR2721), Lycium barbarum extract (LBE), and Trillium tschonoskii fraction (TTF), served as positive controls to validate the reliability of the model...Our results of the model application revealed that teas with lower fermentation levels, such as green tea and oolong tea, particularly the n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions from oolong tea, exhibited significant radioprotective activity. This study presents an effective in vivo approach for the initial screening of radioprotective natural products."

Journal

Effects of Whole-Body Carbon-Ion Beam Irradiation on Bone Marrow Death in Mice and an Examination of Candidates for Protectors or Mitigators against Carbon-Ion-Beam-Induced Bone Marrow Death. (PubMed, Radiat Res) - "Based on the radio-protective effects of amifostine and cysteamine, the contribution of ROS/free radicals to carbon-ion-beam-induced bone marrow death was 70-90% to that of photon irradiation. Since the suppression of tumor growth by carbon-ion-beam irradiation was not inhibited by the treatment with γTDMG or Zn-yeast, both mitigators have potential as normal tissue-selective protectors in carbon-ion irradiation."

Journal • Preclinical • Oncology

Effect of amifostine on apoptotic inflammatory makers in cisplatin induced brain damage in rats. (PubMed, J Complement Integr Med) - "These outcomes demonstrated amifostine's ability to lessen the histological changes brought on by cisplatin. To sum up, SiNPs@AMF may be a suitable and secure supplemental treatment agent to lessen cisplatin's toxicity in the brain and enhance the treatment's effects throughout chemotherapy."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Vascular Neurology • CASP3 • CCL2 • GFAP

Is Punica granatum Efficient Against Sepsis? A Comparative Study of Amifostine Versus Pomegranate. (PubMed, Life (Basel)) - "Histopathological evaluation revealed reduced MMP-2 and MMP-9 immunopositivity in the PGPE250 and PGPE500 groups. These findings highlight the lung-protective properties of PGPE, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic agent for sepsis-induced acute lung injury."

Journal • Acute Lung Injury • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock • MMP2 • MMP9 • TNFA

Systematic Reviews on the Management of Xerostomia and Hyposalivation-An Umbrella Review. (PubMed, Gerodontology) - "Salivary substitutes and stimulants mostly acted as moisturisers and some as saliva stimulants, with short-term effect. More than 80% of the reviews were appraised as 'critically low' quality. Well-designed and well-reported systematic reviews are still needed to increase the level of evidence on dry mouth management methods."

Journal • Review • Dental Disorders • Xerostomia

Managing strategies of chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis. (PubMed, Cancer Treat Rev) - "For example, clinical trials assessing established drugs such as melatonin, clonidine, and pentoxifylline indicate promising potential for managing OM. Besides, Verbascoside, Palifermin, Amifostine, and Avasopasem manganese can be suggested for OM management, while the side effects should be monitored. The accessibility and cost/effectiveness of specific managing strategies of OM should be considered when selecting appropriate options."

Clinical • Journal • Review • Head and Neck Cancer • Mucositis • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Stomatitis