alprazolam / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Data integration with Fusion Searchlight: Classifying brain states from resting-state fMRI. (PubMed, Neuroimage) - "We demonstrate that combining these metrics enhances the accuracy of pharmacological treatment prediction from rs-fMRI data, enabling the identification of additional brain regions affected by sedation with alprazolam. Furthermore, we leverage explainable AI to delineate the differential contributions of each metric, which additionally improves spatial specificity of the searchlight analysis. Moreover, this framework can be adapted to combine information across imaging modalities or experimental conditions, providing a versatile and interpretable tool for data fusion in neuroimaging."

Journal • Anesthesia

Zhi-Zi-chi decoction: A promising remedy for liver inflammation via gut microbiota modulation. (PubMed, Fitoterapia) - "These findings suggest that ZZCD alleviates liver inflammation and damage through pleiotropic mechanisms by modulating the microbiota-gut-liver axis."

Journal • Hepatology • Inflammation • Liver Failure

Enhancing Non-Physician Psychiatric Care Providers' Performance Through Active Psychiatrists' Investment and Effective Supervision (APA 2025) - "Patients on dextroamphetamine/amphetamine and lisdexamfetamine were generally prescribed higher doses, with mean doses of 23 mg and 53.21 mg, respectively, compared to 10.45 mg and 25.26 mg for those on lower doses...In our cohort, 308 patients (13.31%) were prescribed benzodiazepines, specifically lorazepam (n=95, 4% of the total population), alprazolam (n=77, 3%), and clonazepam (n=136, 6%)... After a significant investment in time and capital, MWHC has successfully reduced the number and amount of controlled substances prescribed, while maintaining patient satisfaction. This strategy demonstrates that, with proper supervision and oversight, non-physician providers are fully capable of delivering care that meets evidence-based practice standards and adheres to best practices."

Psychiatry

A Case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, a Rare Differential for Memory Loss and Neurological Deficit (ATS 2025) - "Here, we present a patient diagnosed with sporadic CJD.Clinical Case Summary:A 61-year-old male presented to the ED for memory loss following three weeks of behavioral changes, a diagnosis of major depressive disorder, and a three-day trial of escitalopram and alprazolam. Though CJD is uniformly fatal, broad differential for neurologic deficits, early diagnosis, and referral to palliative care can improve patient quality of life with early supportive treatment. When there is suspicion for CJD, broad workup of rapidly progressive dementia should always be performed to rule out reversible causes and expedite end-of-life care."

Clinical • Absence Seizure Disorder • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Dementia • Depression • Epilepsy • Immunology • Major Depressive Disorder • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Palliative care • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry

Burning Up - How Heat Stroke Can Spark GBS (ATS 2025) - "Case Presentation: A 50-year-old female with diabetes mellitus and bipolar disorder (managed with citalopram, high-dose quetiapine, alprazolam, and oxcarbazepine) presented with acute confusion and lethargy...A central line was placed, and sedation was maintained with midazolam... Guillain-Barré Syndrome secondary to heat stroke presents a unique diagnostic challenge. This case highlights the critical role of early diagnosis and intervention, as timely initiation of IVIG may improve prognosis. Further research into the pathophysiological link between heat stroke and GBS could better inform clinical management and enhance awareness of this rare association."

Anesthesia • Bipolar Disorder • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Epilepsy • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Mood Disorders • Myositis • Pain • Psychiatry • Respiratory Diseases

Contents and Time-Course of Falsified Alprazolam Detections in New South Wales, Australia. (PubMed, Drug Alcohol Rev) - "Our analysis highlights the variability in contents of falsified alprazolam tablets over time. This report highlights the potential value of surveillance systems involving analysis of police seizure data as part of a drug early warning system. Our results are of interest to the community who take falsified alprazolam tablets, and to health care workers managing cases of poisoning or dependence. This study highlights the need to continue developing the ability to detect, assess and respond to emerging falsified products, to facilitate clinical and public health responses."

Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

First evidence of an anxiety-like behavior and its pharmacological modulation in a molluscan model organism, Lymnaea stagnalis. (PubMed, Transl Psychiatry) - "Importantly, the anxiolytic drug alprazolam prevents these anxiety-like responses...This suggests that fundamental anxiety mechanisms are evolutionarily conserved across species. By using this simple invertebrate model, our research offers new insights into the biological basis of anxiety and sets the stage for future pharmacological studies."

Journal • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Development of a method for determining xenobiotics in the form of dried blood spots on cotton material and Whatman® 903 cards. (PubMed, Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol) - "The aim of this study was to develop and validate a quantitative analysis procedure for four benzodiazepines (alprazolam, diazepam, flunitrazepam, clonazepam) and one Z-drug (zolpidem), applied to cotton material and Whatman® 903 cards in the form of blood spots. The extraction method presented focused on isolating xenobiotics from blood spots of known volume. Sample extraction using a simple liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) technique creates opportunities for applying the described method to real samples secured on cotton material or stored on Whatman® 903 cards."

Journal

Drug-induced cardiac arrest: a pharmacovigilance study from 2004-2024 based on FAERS database. (PubMed, Front Cardiovasc Med) - "The top five drugs identified by ROR were: carisoprodol [ROR (95% CI): 34.13 (29.62-39.32)], sugammadex [ROR (95% CI): 26.93 (22.56-32.16)], regadenoson [ROR (95% CI): 20.00 (17.69-22.60)], alprazolam [ROR (95% CI): 12.82 (12.19-13.48)], and propofol [ROR (95% CI): 11.93 (10.61-13.41)]. This study identifies over 40 drugs potentially associated with an elevated risk of CA based on FAERS data. Healthcare professionals should be particularly vigilant when prescribing these drugs, especially to patients with a history of heart disease, and ensure rigorous monitoring of their cardiac health."

Adverse events • Journal • Cardiovascular • Heart Failure • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Oncology

THE TWILIGHT ZONE: A CASE REPORT OF DELAYED EMERGENCE AFTER GENERAL ANESTHESIA FOR A ROUTINE CYSTOSCOPY (ASRA-SPRING 2025) - "Her home medications prior to the procedure included diphenhydramine 25 mg, Imbruvica 140 mg, Flexeril 5 mg, Prazosin 2 mg, alprazolam 1 mg, zolpidem 10 mg, ropinirole 1 mg, Seroquel 100 mg...Induction was performed with propofol, fentanyl, rocuronium and maintenance with sevoflurane...She was reversed appropriately with sugammadex with qualitative TOF showing 4 twitches without fade prior to extubation...Our suspicion is that this patient may have suffered delayed emergence secondary to residual effects of volatile anesthetics or potentially secondary to a psychiatric disorder related to a catatonic response. Figure 1 displays a broad range of differential diagnoses to keep in mind when encountering a patient with DE."

Case report • Clinical • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • CNS Disorders • Depression • Dyslipidemia • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease • Hematological Malignancies • Hypertension • Immunology • Leukemia • Mental Retardation • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Pain • Psychiatry • Respiratory Diseases • Rheumatology • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Poisonings With Opioids and Benzodiazepines in Denmark: A Retrospective Study From the Danish Poison Information Centre. (PubMed, Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol) - "In our 9-year study period, we observed large increases in poisonings with alprazolam and oxycodone. In the remaining drugs examined, we observed no change or even a reduction of the poisonings when adjusted for the general increase in enquiries to the DPIC."

Journal • Observational data • Retrospective data • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Insomnia • Mood Disorders • Pain • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Neuro-ophthalmic findings of Visual Snow Syndrome in Korea. (PubMed, Jpn J Ophthalmol) - "Korean patients with VSS exhibited clinical features, neuroimaging findings, and treatment responses similar to those reported in Western populations. Ophthalmic procedures, such as refractive surgery and bright-light examinations, may act as potential triggers in susceptible individuals. Although functional imaging, including 18F-FDG PET, may be useful for evaluating VSS, further studies with healthy controls and quantitative analyses are needed to validate its diagnostic value. Given the modest treatment efficacy, a multidisciplinary approach combining pharmacological intervention, filter glasses, and psychological support is essential to optimize outcomes."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Ophthalmology • Psychiatry

Benzodiazepine and Opioid Withdrawal Induced Neuroleptic Malignant Like Syndrome: A Clinical Case Report With Management Complexities. (PubMed, Neuropsychopharmacol Rep) - "This patient was a 54-year-old man in a northern Iranian city with dependency on 20-30 mg of alprazolam and 120-150 mg of acetaminophen-codeine daily for over a year and a half. The clinical difficulty of identifying and treating Neuroleptic Malignant Like Syndrome (NMLS), which is brought on by benzodiazepine and opioid withdrawal, is illustrated by this case."

Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders

Effects of Acamprosate on Alprazolam-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Male Rats: The Role of GABA and NMDA Receptor Subunits. (PubMed, Eur J Pharmacol) - "Besides, the gene expression of NR1, NR2A, and NR2B subunits of NMDA receptors were significantly enhanced by acamprosate (P<0.001). These findings suggest that acamprosate is able to reduce the duration of extinction and reinstatement of alprazolam-induced CPP in male rats."

Journal • Preclinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol)

Utilizing Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models to Support Rational Medication in Chinese Elderly Population. (PubMed, Drug Des Devel Ther) - "For Chinese elderly, PBPK models for four drugs (ticagrelor, rivaroxaban, alprazolam, midazolam) showed strong agreement with observed data. In conclusion, PBPK models for 50 commonly prescribed drugs within the Chinese elderly population were developed, tackling general data gaps associated with these specific medications. Medication plans were developed specifically tailored for the elderly population, presenting an alternative methodology and perspective for the implementation of individualized and rational medication practices."

Journal • PK/PD data • Psychiatry

Carbon Materials in Voltammetry: An Overview of Versatile Platforms for Antidepressant Drug Detection. (PubMed, Micromachines (Basel)) - "Moreover, the combination of voltammetric approaches with the unique characteristics of carbon and its derivatives has led to the development of powerful electrochemical sensing tools for detecting antidepressant drugs, which are highly desirable in healthcare, environmental monitoring, and the pharmaceutical industry. In this review, carbon-based materials, such as glassy carbon and boron-doped diamond, and a wide spectrum of carbon nanoparticles, including graphene, graphene oxides, reduced graphene oxides, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes were described in terms of the sensing performance of agomelatine, alprazolam, amitriptyline, aripiprazole, carbamazepine, citalopram, clomipramine, clozapine, clonazepam, desipramine, desvenlafaxine, doxepin, duloxetine, flunitrazepam, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, imipramine, nifedipine, olanzapine, opipramol, paroxetine, quetiapine, serotonin, sertraline, sulpiride, thioridazine, trazodone, venlafaxine,..."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Personality Disorder • Psychiatry

Impact of Beers Criteria Medications in Elderly Patients with Head and Neck Cancer (COSM 2025) - "The three most common medications were Lorazepam, Alprazolam, and Zolpidem. Over half of patients aged 65 and over with head and neck cancer were prescribed one or more Beers Criteria Medications to Avoid and 5.4% were prescribed three or more in the year following their cancer diagnosis. Increased prescription of Beers Criteria medications was associated with inferior overall survival and increased emergency department utilization. Further research regarding how to minimize the use of these medications in elderly patients with head and neck cancer is warranted."

Clinical • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Head and Neck Cancer • Oncology • Pain • Solid Tumor

Intrauterine Exposure to Psychotropic Medications as a Risk Factor for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (PAS 2025) - "Those with exposure to psychotropic medication were more likely to also have exposure to other substances (i.e., alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, and methamphetamine) (84% vs. 69%; p< 0.05; Table 1). Of the 1,305 infants included in the ESC-NOW study, 297 (22.8%) had antenatal co-exposure to psychotropic medications. The mean length of stay was 1.6 days longer for infants with psychotropic exposure compared to those without exposure (12.1 vs. 10.5 days, respectively; p < 0.001) (Table 2)."

Clinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Substance Abuse

Global Innovations in Overdose Prevention: Which Strategies Used Internationally Could the United States Adopt to Curb Youth Deaths? (PAS 2025) - "Three in four deaths among youth involve fentanyl, a highly potent opioid illicitly manufactured to look like prescription opioids (e.g., oxycodone) and benzodiazepines (e.g., alprazolam)...Presentations will cover: (1) novel approaches to testing drug safety, including community-based testing centers; (2) the evidence behind medically supervised safe consumption sites, with an emphasis on how such services can serve as a point of contact for youth addiction treatment; and (3) unique approaches to medication treatment for opioid addiction, including primary care-based treatment with methadone, use of slow-release morphine to address cravings and withdrawal, and prescriptions for hydromorphone to reduce individuals’ reliance on the illicit drug market...Summarize the evidence base for medically supervised safe consumption sites and their role in overdose prevention and linkage to addiction treatment, particularly for youth. Delineate novel pharmacotherapies to treat..."

Clinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Substance Abuse

Identification of the Potential Pharmacotherapeutic Risk in Hospitalized Geriatric Patients. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Our results underscore the urgent need for medication reviews by hospital pharmacists and the active promotion of drug deprescription among clinicians."

Journal • Geriatric Disorders

Opioid Drug Interaction Study (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1/2 | N=25 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Shanna Babalonis, PhD | Trial completion date: Jun 2028 ➔ Jun 2029 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2028 ➔ Jan 2029

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date

An Extension Test of Whether to Use Oral Anti-anxiety Drugs (XANAX) When Patients Choose Second Eye Cataract Surgery After Unblinding, and Analyze Their Anxiety, Satisfaction and Pain Satisfaction (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=250 | Recruiting | Sponsor: National Taiwan University Hospital | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting

Enrollment open • Anesthesia • Cataract • Ophthalmology • Pain • Psychiatry

Distribution of Alprazolam Into the Milk of Lactating Mares and Subsequent Absorption by Nursing Foals. (PubMed, J Vet Pharmacol Ther) - "This study shows that milk:serum ratios of alprazolam in mares are variable. Foal serum concentrations and RFD suggest that alprazolam is safe for use in mares with nursing foals."

Journal

In vitro-in vivo scaling of cytochrome P450-mediated metabolic clearance using a relative activity factor approach. (PubMed, Drug Metab Dispos) - "We selected multiple probe substrates for CYP1A2 (caffeine, tizanidine, phenacetin), CYP2C9 ((S)-acenocoumarol, glimepiride, lornoxicam, tolbutamide, (S)-warfarin), CYP2C19 ((S)-lansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole), CYP2D6 (desipramine, metoprolol, nebivolol, tolterodine), and CYP3A4 (alprazolam, felodipine, midazolam, nisoldipine, sildenafil, triazolam) to calculate the representative RAF value for each P450 isoform based on the in vivo-to-in vitro clearance ratio of the multiple probe substrates...The fm values of the responsible P450 isoform(s) could be well predicted for mexiletine, tamsulosin, risperidone, celecoxib, and glibenclamide...By applying relative activity factor values obtained from multiple probe substrates, this study was able to quantitatively predict the in vivo clearances mediated by CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. This simple, practical method will help optimize metabolic clearances via the major cytochrome P450..."

Journal • Preclinical • CYP1A2 • CYP2C19 • CYP2C9 • CYP3A4

Long-term gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatment fails to regain beta-cell function in longstanding type 1 diabetes in a randomized trial. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "This phase I/II randomized controlled trial assessed the safety and efficacy of long-term treatment with Remygen® (Diamyd Medical), a controlled-release oral GABA formulation, as a potential beta-cell regenerative therapy in adults with long-standing T1D. Thirty-five male subjects with T1D (≥ 5 years) were randomized into three arms receiving the study drug(s) once daily for 6 months: GABA 200 mg (Arm 1), GABA 600 mg (Arm 2) and GABA 600 mg + alprazolam 0.5 mg for 3 months followed by GABA 600 mg alone for 3 months (Arm 3)...Hypoglycemic hormonal counter-regulation was unaltered. To conclude, we found no clinical evidence of a beta-cell regenerative effect of GABA, but side effects were commonly observed."

Clinical • Journal • Diabetes • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus