acetylcysteine solution / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Overview of authorised drugs to be repurposed for the treatment of osteoarthritis: a scoping review of clinical studies (EULAR 2025) - "Drugs examined less than 5 times, including spironolactone, doxycycline, liraglutide, thiazolidinediones, anti-histamines, ticagrelor, β-blockers, coumarins, anti-IL1, anti-IL6, sodium bicarbonate and calcium gluconate, fenofibrate, somatropin, pentosan polysulfate, insulin, N-acetylcysteine, naltrexone, bromelain, fish oil, L-carnitine, folate, vitamin C, and vitamin K showed similar results (data not shown). Many authorised drugs have already been investigated to be repurposed for the treatment of OA, of which the most extensively investigated mainly targeted the inflammatory and bone endotype. Short-term studies investigated almost exclusively symptom-modifying effects, whereas most long-term studies investigated structure-modifying effects as well. However, long-term studies investigating structural-modifying effects of colchicine, methotrexate, and hydroxychloroquine are lacking."

Clinical • Review • Immunology • Oncology • Orthopedics • Osteoarthritis • Pain • Rheumatology

Advances in Research on the Release of von Willebrand Factor from Endothelial Cells through the Membrane Attack Complex C5b-9 in Sepsis. (PubMed, J Inflamm Res) - "Current therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways, including recombinant ADAMTS13 (rhADAMTS13), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and complement inhibitors like eculizumab, face limitations in clinical translation, necessitating further validation of their efficacy. Additionally, investigating complement regulatory molecules such as CD59 may unlock novel therapeutic avenues. Deciphering the intricate interplay within the C5b-9-vWF axis and advancing precision therapies hold transformative potential for ameliorating sepsis outcomes."

Journal • Review • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Septic Shock • Thrombocytopenia • CD59 • NLRP3

Endothelial NADPH oxidase 5 overexpression promotes thrombosis and alters thrombus composition by sex-dependent mechanisms in mice. (PubMed, J Thromb Haemost) - "In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that endothelial NOX5 plays a role in thrombosis, indicating that this oxidase should be considered as a therapeutic target to prevent thrombosis."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Hematological Disorders • Thrombosis • NOX5

Human Placenta Hydrolysate Protects Against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. (PubMed, Biomedicines) - "While N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the current standard of care, its efficacy is significantly reduced when administered after the peak time of liver injury, highlighting the need for alternative therapeutic strategies...These findings suggest that HPH protects against AILI through multiple mechanisms, including the modulation of phase I/II detoxification, activation of antioxidants, and inhibition of inflammation. HPH could be a potential therapeutic option for APAP overdose and related liver injuries."

Journal • Preclinical • Hepatology • Inflammation • Liver Failure • Pain • CYP2E1 • GSTP1 • IL6 • SULT1A1 • TNFA • UGT1A6

A New Bromelain-Based Polyenzymatic Complex Plus N-Acetylcysteine: A Promising Approach for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Biofilm plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and chronicity of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Our present findings confirm that MIC CPX combined with Formulation also induced an antimicrobial effect in the G. mellonella assay. Formulation facilitated the perturbation of the biofilm polymeric matrix, enhancing the antibiotic penetration and its antimicrobial action on bacteria, underlining Formulation's role as an enhancer of ciprofloxacin antibacterial action."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Urology

The Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Behavioral Sensitization to Methamphetamine in Mice. (PubMed, Physiol Res) - "This suppression of MET stimulatory effects therefore suggested on the preclinical level possible promising efficacy of NAC on addictive properties associated with MET similarly as it was demonstrated by other authors in association with cocaine or heroin. Key words: N-acetylcysteine, Methamphetamine, Behavioral sensitization."

Journal • Preclinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Preclinical evaluation of N-acetyl-cysteine in association with liposomes of lung surfactant's lipids for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis and asthma. (PubMed, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol) - "These results indicate that surfactant liposomal delivery of NAC potentiates its anti-inflammatory, mucolytic, and antioxidant activity, rendering it a promising therapy for respiratory diseases."

Journal • Preclinical • Asthma • Fibrosis • Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis • Immunology • Inflammation • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • MPO • TGFB1

Targeting Neuroinflammation in Schizophrenia: A comprehensive review of mechanisms and pharmacological interventions. (PubMed, Int Immunopharmacol) - "Therapeutically, anti-inflammatory strategies show promise: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the cyclooxygenase pathway; minocycline modulates microglial activity; cytokine inhibitors regulate immune responses; and antioxidants and mitochondrial agents (e.g., N-acetylcysteine, omega-3 fatty acids) reduce oxidative damage...Future research should integrate single-cell genomics, neuroimaging, and biomarker stratification to elucidate neuroinflammatory mechanisms and enable precise combination therapies. Combining immunomodulatory and neurotransmitter-based strategies may overcome the limitations of traditional antipsychotics and improve clinical outcomes."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Inflammation • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • IL6 • TNFA

N-Acetylcysteine-Amide Protects Against Acute Acrylamide Neurotoxicity in Adult Zebrafish. (PubMed, Toxics) - "Surprisingly, ACR exposure did not alter the neurochemical profile of key neurotransmitters or the expression of genes related to redox homeostasis, synaptic vesicle recycling, regeneration, or myelination. These results demonstrate AD4's neuroprotective effects against acute ACR-induced brain toxicity, highlighting its therapeutic potential and validating adult zebrafish as a translational model for studying neurotoxic mechanisms and neuroprotective interventions."

Journal

Co-administration of vitamin D and N-acetylcysteine to modulate immunosenescence in older adults with vitamin D deficiency: a randomized clinical trial. (PubMed, Front Immunol) - "However, co-administration of NAC with both the standard and loading doses of Vit-D further enhances these beneficial effects. https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir, identifier IRCT20230508058120N1."

Clinical • Journal • Oncology • CRP • IL6 • TNFA

Pharmacologic interventions for alcohol use disorder. (PubMed, JAAPA) - "Disulfiram, oral naltrexone, naltrexone IM, and acamprosate are currently the only four medications approved for the treatment of AUD by the FDA. This review aims to examine the efficacy of the approved medications as well as explore the use of off-label pharmacologic treatments used for AUD treatment (including gabapentin, baclofen, oxytocin, N-acetylcysteine, calcium carbonate, and psilocybin). Through this exploration, the most effective treatment for individuals with AUD can be determined to enable providers in ameliorating the prevalence of this disease."

Journal • Review • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Evodiamine induces ferroptosis in prostate cancer cells by inhibiting TRIM26-mediated stabilization of GPX4. (PubMed, Chin Med) - "This study demonstrates that evodiamine exerts potent antitumor effects against prostate cancer through inhibiting TRIM26-mediated stabilization of GPX4 protein and triggering ferroptosis. These findings suggest that evodiamine, a natural product derived from traditional Chinese medicine, could be a promising therapeutic agent for prostate cancer."

Journal • Colorectal Cancer • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Oral Cancer • Ovarian Cancer • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor • Squamous Cell Carcinoma • GPX4

COVID-19 clinical outcomes and N-acetylcysteine (CoViNAC study): a GRADE compliant meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies with Mpro of SARS-CoV-2. (PubMed, Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)) - "These findings suggest NAC significantly improves clinical outcomes in COVID-19 and may inhibit viral replication by targeting Mpro. This integrated evidence substantiates NAC's potential as a critical adjuvant therapy."

Clinical • Clinical data • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Impact of Air Pollution on Skin Pigmentation: Mechanisms and Protective Strategies. (PubMed, Int J Dermatol) - "Emerging evidence highlights the potential of antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine, vitamin E, and niacinamide as protective measures against the effects of air pollution. It is vital that air pollution is recognized as a significant contributor to inflammatory skin disorders and skin pigmentation, patients are made aware of the need for preventive measures, and policymakers are cognizant of the urgent need for sustainable environmental policies to reduce its impact. This narrative review focuses on current knowledge on pollution-induced skin pigmentation, preventive measures, and skin care strategies to mitigate pollution-induced pigmentary changes."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Dermatology • Dermatopathology • Inflammation

The neuroprotective effects of N-acetylcysteine in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders: From modulation of glutamatergic transmission to restoration of synaptic plasticity. (PubMed, Neuropharmacology) - "Overall, several preclinical studies and clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of NAC in reversing regressive plasticity, cognitive deficits, and associated changes in the brain. NAC remains among the strongest candidates with a high safety profile for managing several types of neurological disorders."

Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Depression • Huntington's Disease • Inflammation • Mental Retardation • Metabolic Disorders • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • Vascular Neurology

SLC7A11 regulates keratinocyte proliferation and inflammatory responses in psoriasis: A metabolic perspective (SID 2025) - "Using constitutive and inducible keratinocyte-specific SLC7A11 knockout mouse models, psoriasis-like inflammation was induced with imiquimod (IMQ)...Importantly, the proliferation defects caused by SLC7A11 deficiency were completely rescued by supplementation with N-acetylcysteine, highlighting the pivotal role of cysteine metabolism in keratinocyte homeostasis. These findings identify SLC7A11 as a key metabolic regulator in psoriasis, orchestrating keratinocyte proliferation and the inflammatory response. This study not only advances the understanding of the metabolic mechanisms underlying psoriasis but also positions SLC7A11 as a potential therapeutic target for innovative immunosuppressive treatments aimed at alleviating the chronic inflammation associated with this disease."

Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Psoriasis • CCL20 • CXCL5 • SLC7A11

A Squeaky Lung Mass: A Case of a Rare NTM Disease (ATS 2025) - "We present the case of a 67-year-old female with a medical history of Hodgkin's disease treated with mantle radiation, breast cancer treated with bilateral mastectomy on anastrozole, and progressive lung disease with bronchiectasis status post-right middle and lower lobe lobectomies...Albuterol, N-acetylcysteine, as well as multiple courses of suppressive antibiotics with azithromycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole over several years provided some relief...The patient started on moxifloxacin, rifabutin, and ethambutol...Due to her history of bronchiectasis and lung resection, parenteral amikacin was considered. Once diagnosed, treatment courses are recommended to continue for at least 12 months from culture conversion. If culture conversion is not achieved, surgical intervention may be a consideration if tolerated, with an 87% culture conversion rate."

Clinical • Breast Cancer • Bronchiectasis • Hodgkin Lymphoma • Infectious Disease • Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease • Oncology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Solid Tumor

A Rare Case of Dyspnea: Plastic Bronchitis in Adulthood (ATS 2025) - "Symptoms, including productive cough, dyspnea, and wheezing, are nonspecific and easily mistaken for chronic bronchitis or atypical asthma, making prompt recognition and adequate management vital to prevent severe cardiopulmonary compromise.Therapeutic strategies include corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and mucolytics such as N-acetylcysteine to help dislodge airway casts, although no single medication has proven consistently effective...In our case, bronchoscopy played a critical role in the diagnosis and management of our patient with rapid improvement after expelling casts from the airway. While plastic bronchitis is rare, it is increasingly recognized as treatable, and ongoing education and research may lead to improved, long-lasting outcomes."

Clinical • Asthma • Cardiovascular • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Cough • Endocrine Disorders • Eosinophilia • Genetic Disorders • Heart Failure • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Obesity • Pediatrics • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • CD4

Liver Failure Following Stimulant Use: A Case Series (APA 2025) - "Description Introduction: Mixed amphetamine salts is a stimulant approved for the treatment of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy, while phentermine is another stimulant approved for weight loss...Case 1: A 25 year old female with a past history of narcolepsy, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and ADHD, stable on escitalopram for over a month, presented with nausea, vomiting and diffuse abdominal pain for two weeks after initiation of mixed amphetamine salts for narcolepsy...Her psychotropics were stopped, N-Acetylcysteine and lactulose were started, and her liver function eventually normalized without further interventions... Direct or indirect hepatic injury can be a rare consequence of stimulant use. Providers require increased awareness of this rare side effect and patients should receive counseling about it."

Clinical • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Congestive Heart Failure • Depression • Endocrine Disorders • Heart Failure • Hepatitis C • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Liver Failure • Narcolepsy • Otorhinolaryngology • Pain • Post-traumatic Stress Disorder • Psychiatry • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Rheumatology • Sinusitis • Sleep Disorder • Substance Abuse

Out of Sight, Out of Mind: An Unusual Presentation of Esophageal Carcinoma Presenting as Acute Respiratory Failure (ATS 2025) - "He was extubated two days later and treated with nebulizers, N-acetylcysteine, hypertonic saline, chest physiotherapy, and aspiration precautions...This case illustrates how chronic aspiration, resulting in mucus plugs and dyspnea, can signal a more serious underlying condition, such as esophageal carcinoma. In this patient, the acute respiratory failure brought him to the brink of death, revealing the malignancy as the root cause."

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome • Anemia • Cardiovascular • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Coronary Artery Disease • Esophageal Cancer • Gastroenterology • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease • Hematological Disorders • Hypertension • Immunology • Oncology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Squamous Cell Carcinoma

How to Use Evidence-Based Nutritional Supplement Interventions in Psychiatry (APA 2025) - "Johns Wort, 5-hydroxytroptophan, and methyl folate have shown varying degrees of effectiveness in treating depression and anti-depressant anxiety...N-acetylcysteine has been researched for its glutamate-modulating capabilities and has shown evidence as a adjunct in obsessive-compulsive and addictive disorders...Objective Four: Understand how to counsel patients on natural treatment alternatives and their risks, benefits, and side effect profiles. Objective Five: Practice formulating comprehensive treatment plans including evidence-based nutritional and dietary supplements for mental health conditions.; Objective One: Recognize the reasons for the widespread and growing popularity of dietary and nutritional supplements.; Objective Two: Identify which supplements can be used as complementary & alternative treatments to pharmaceutical medications for depression and anxiety.; Objective Three: Analyze the evidence and mechanisms for various common supplements in treating..."

CNS Disorders • Depression • Inflammation • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Amiodarone-Induced Acute Liver Failure: A Case Series (ATS 2025) - "This case series highlights two instances of acute liver failure induced by intravenous amiodarone.Case 1 An 82-year-old female with a history of autoimmune hepatitis on azathioprine was admitted to the hospital for chest pain and found to have ST-elevation myocardial infarction in the anterolateral leads...The patient was treated with N-acetylcysteine infusion...Hepatic toxicity may range from mild, transient elevations in serum aminotransferases that typically resolve with dose adjustment or discontinuation, to severe liver disease. Although rare, ALF from intravenous amiodarone can be a fatal complication."

Clinical • Atrial Fibrillation • Autoimmune Hepatitis • Cardiovascular • Hepatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Liver Failure • Metabolic Disorders • Myocardial Infarction • Pain

A Case Report of Cocaine-Induced Acute Liver Failure Improvement With N-Acetylcysteine (ATS 2025) - "Guidance is extrapolated from acetaminophen liver injury and Rumack-Matthew nomogram with NAC preferably administered within 24 hours from presentation. This case suggests NAC as treatment for non-liver transplant candidates, even if administered > 24 hours from presentation."

Case report • Clinical • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Hepatology • Hypoglycemia • Liver Failure • Psychiatry • Renal Disease • Septic Shock

Injection of Diquat - A Fatal Case of Suicide (ATS 2025) - "Upon arrival to the intensive care unit, he experienced a generalized seizure and was treated with midazolam and phenobarbital...In addition, N-acetylcysteine, deferoxamine, vitamins C and E, aspirin, dexamethasone, and lower oxygen saturation goals were initiated to mitigate ROS...There is limited knowledge of treatments beyond supportive care, and the effects of injecting diquat are lesser known than those of ingestion. This case highlights the rapid, devastating outcomes of diquat poisoning."

Clinical • Acute Kidney Injury • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Depression • Epilepsy • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Psychiatry • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases

2,4-Dinitrophenol Overdose: To Treat or Not to Treat? An Ethical Conundrum (ATS 2025) - "Medications administered included dantrolene, N-acetylcysteine, steroids, and intravenous bicarbonate...Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed an ejection fraction of 24% and dobutamine was added...The decision by the POA to uphold COT status was questionable, as their ability to comprehend, analyze, and make sound medical judgments so soon after the verbal assignment left little time for adequate processing of the circumstances. Emergency ethics consults are rare, but necessary, to navigate end-of-life care in these complicated situations."

Cardiovascular • Metabolic Disorders • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics