amphetamine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Ayahuasca treatment reduces 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations and modifies mesocorticolimbic monoamine neurochemistry in rats. (PubMed, Pharmacol Biochem Behav) - "We investigated whether acute AYA treatment attenuates lisdexamfetamine (LDX)-induced USVs, hyperlocomotion and monoaminergic content in adult male Wistar rats...Both AYA and LDX increased dopamine turnover without altering dopamine content, and AYA did not alter the effects of LDX. Together, these findings suggest that AYA attenuates LDX-induced positive affective responses without reducing hyperlocomotion, accompanied by changes in noradrenaline and serotonin levels in the mPFC and dopamine levels in the NAc."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Presumptive false-positive amphetamine urine screen in a pregnant woman receiving α-methyldopa: A case report. (PubMed, Indian J Psychiatry) - No abstract available

Journal

Cell-Type-Specific Dissociation of Extrapyramidal Side Effects with HaloperidolDART.2 (Neuroscience 2026) - "Thus far, we have been unable to identify a cell type in which targeted D2R pharmacology modulates amphetamine-induced prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits, indicating that antipsychotic-like efficacy is separable from both catalepsy and bradykinesia mechanisms. LFP changes tracked behavioral state, from movement to stillness, rather than D2R blockade itself, whereas the neurotransmitter signals revealed a modulation shared by both systemic haloperidol and thalamostriatal haloperidolDART.2, representing a candidate circuit signature of catalepsy that we are continuing to define. Together, these results revise the cellular pharmacology of antipsychotic action, demonstrating that extrapyramidal side effects are not a unitary phenomenon but fractionate into mechanistically independent components defined by the cellular site of D2R blockade."

Adverse events • CNS Disorders

Xiphoid nucleus: new perspectives from morphological, quantitative and ultrastructural studies of Cocaine and Amphetamine Regulated Transcript (CART) innervation (Neuroscience 2026) - "Ongoing functional studies about feeding behavior will confirm the activation of this system. Therefore, we postulate the CART fibers and axons innervating Xi are in position to complement the literature with fine anatomical embasement for the functional roles of Xi nucleus."

CAR T-Cell Therapy • CNS Disorders

Identification of a high-affinity receptor for CART II neuropeptide (Neuroscience 2026) - "Grant Support NIH R01 CA284075; Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) prepropeptides have been implicated in multiple pathologies including obesity, nociception, mood disorders, diabetes mellitus, and drug addiction, yet the absence of validated receptors has hampered the mechanistic interrogation and therapeutic application of the two principal peptides, CART I (CART 55-102) and CART II (CART 62-102)...Genetic (LPAR2 knockout mice) and chemical (LPAR2 antagonist H2L5186303) tools validated that the established analgesic and anorexic behavioral effects of CART II - but not CART I - in the brain are specifically mediated by LPAR2, confirming it as the physiologically relevant receptor for this neuropeptide. Collectively, these findings demonstrate LPAR2 is the endogenous CART II receptor in the brain, enabling the interrogation of CART II-specific neurobiology and the development of therapeutic interventions."

CAR T-Cell Therapy • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Substance Abuse • GPR160

The immunogold method identifies the ultrastructural aspects of V-SVZ proliferative cells and their synapsis with cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) (Neuroscience 2026) - "Furthermore, the higher density of CART innervation occurs along the migratory path of developing neurons, establishing appositions among primary progenitors, neuroblasts, and BrdU+ cells. Thus, we demonstrate that immunoreactivity to BrdU is observed in all characteristic cellular elements of the periventricular niche, including tanycytes not previously described; there is dense varicose innervation of different ciliated cells and strong fine anatomical evidence suggesting a role for the CART peptide in the regulation of neurogenesis."

CAR T-Cell Therapy • CNS Disorders

Strain-dependent sensitivity to psychostimulant-induced modulation of risky choice preference in Fischer-344 and Long Evans rats (Neuroscience 2026) - "This convergence highlights the translational potential of ADHD therapeutics, particularly the DA/NE-enhancing psychostimulants methylphenidate (MPH) and amphetamine (AMPH) and the selective NE reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine (ATX), for modulating AD-related behavioral dysfunction. This profile establishes a critical benchmark for interpreting catecholaminergic manipulations in F344-based disease models, including TgF344-AD. Future studies will extend this work to additional receptor-specific agents to further delineate strain-specific differences in sensitivity to pharmacologically induced alterations in decision making to improve cross-study comparability and translational inference."

Preclinical • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Alzheimer's Disease • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders

SUVN-L1101142, a Novel Muscarinic M4 Positive Allosteric Modulator, for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease and Schizophrenia (Neuroscience 2026) - "Antipsychotic-like activity was evaluated in amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion and DOI-induced head-twitch models...These results demonstrate that SUVN-L1101142 is a highly selective M4 PAM with antipsychotic-like and procognitive activity, favorable tolerability, and a receptor occupancy-efficacy relationship consistent with target engagement. Collectively, the findings support the continued development of SUVN-L1101142 as a potential treatment for neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with AD, other dementias, and schizophrenia."

Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Long-term chemogenetic activation of ventral hippocampal projections to the nucleus accumbens alters social novelty and locomotor organization in rats (Neuroscience 2026) - "Animals received a retrograde Cre-expressing virus in the NAc and a Cre-dependent hM3Dq construct in the vHPC, followed by behavioral testing under chronic clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) exposure for >14 days. We assessed social preference, social novelty, conflict-related exploration in the modified elevated T-maze (mETM), and amphetamine-induced locomotor responses...These findings suggest that activation of ventral hippocampal projections to the NAc selectively disrupts social novelty recognition while preserving basic sociability, affects ethological indices of risk assessment behavior and alters the organization of psychostimulant-induced behavior. Projection-specific ventral hippocampal output to the NAc may therefore contribute to schizophrenia-relevant abnormalities in behavioral salience and regulation in rats."

Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Schizophrenia

Novel Platform For Modeling Amphetamine Escalation in Drosophila (Neuroscience 2026) - "Thus, Drosophila represents a highly tractable genetic model for dissecting AUD's molecular mechanisms with high translational validity. FLIEA's cost-effectiveness and scalability could facilitate rapid genetic screening and stratifying experimental groups into subpopulations based on high and low escalating individuals to accelerate the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of AUD."

CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Bugs and drugs: Fusobacterium nucleatum Biofilms as key regulators of Amphetamine abuse. (Neuroscience 2026) - "These data suggest that biofilm formation is required for AMPH enhancement of host colonization by F. nucleatum and for supporting AMPH-induced dopaminergic signaling. We propose a biofilm-dependent feed-forward paradigm for AMPH-associated behaviors: AMPH increases the abundance of F. nucleatum by upregulating biofilm formation, and F. nucleatum enhances responses to AMPH by increasing DAT expression and AMPH-induced DA efflux."

CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Altered medial habenula GABA-related gene expression following reinstatement of cocaine self-administration in mice (Neuroscience 2026) - "Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment of modules linked to addiction-related pathways including opioid, nicotine, and amphetamine signaling, as well as GABAergic and endocannabinoid signaling pathways known to regulate MHb activity. Within the most behaviorally relevant transcriptional modules, we identified several overlapping hub genes encoding GABA receptor subunits and GABA-associated proteins, suggesting that altered GABAergic signaling may represent a key mechanism by which the MHb regulates relapse-related behaviors. Ongoing studies are testing causal relationships between reinstatement-associated changes in MHb GABA receptor signaling, MHb neuronal activity, and cocaine-associated behaviors using RNA Scope, viral-mediated gene manipulation, fiber photometry, and cocaine IVSA models."

Preclinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • NR4A2

Therapeutic Mechanisms of Lithium Treatment for Bipolar Disorder Investigated in Akap11 Mouse Model (Neuroscience 2026) - "We previously characterized Akap11 mutant mice as a genetic model for BD, observing various molecular and behavioral phenotypes like synaptic PKA elevation, major transcriptomic impact to the striatum, and mood-star changes that can be induced by stress or amphetamine. Now we leverage this mouse model to study the therapeutic mechanisms of lithium.Here we present the transcriptomic and behavioral results from Akap11 mutant mice treated with the mood stabilizing compound lithium carbonate...We found a notable correction of synapse-related gene expression deficits in the cortex and basal ganglia. These results will help us understand the mood stabilizing mechanism of lithium, and lay the groundwork for future therapeutic discovery."

Preclinical • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

PSTR327. Mechanisms of Amphetamine Use and Addiction (Neuroscience 2026) - No abstract available

CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Ayahuasca Reduces Sugar Overconsumption in Translational Models of Eating Disorders (Neuroscience 2026) - "Hypothalamic CART (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript) gene expression was evaluated 4 days after treatment...Mechanistically, 4 days later, whereas the BLE model downregulated hypothalamic CART ayahuasca treatment restored this key anorexigenic neuropeptide levels [F (2.13) = 8.11; p = 0.007; post ho p = 0.026]. Altogether, our translational data indicates that ayahuasca modulates BLE conserved mechanisms across species, highlighting ayahuasca’s therapeutic potential for binge eating disorders."

Binge Eating Disorder • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders

Selective Deletion of a Glutamate Transporter, EAAT3, in Dopaminergic Neurons Alters Working Memory and Motivated Behaviors in Rats (Neuroscience 2026) - "Taken together, these results demonstrate a crucial role for EAAT3 within DA neurons in mediating behavioral responses to amphetamine and supporting DA neuron-dependent cognitive and motivational processes, suggesting that impaired EAAT3 signaling may underlie deficits observed across neuropsychiatric disorders, including ADHD. Future investigation into attentional maintenance and impulsivity through the 5-choice serial reaction time task will further elucidate the potential link between EAAT3 in DA neurons and ADHD-related phenotypes."

Preclinical • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders • Mental Retardation

Selective Deletion of a Glutamate transporter, EAAT3, in Dopaminergic Neurons Disrupts Amphetamine Induced Dopamine Signaling (Neuroscience 2026) - "Further, optogenetic stimulation of dopaminergic terminals evoked dopamine release was decreased in TH-EAAT3 KO mice relative to controls. Together, these findings identify EAAT3 as an important regulator of mesolimbic dopamine function and demonstrate that loss of EAAT3 alters dopamine release dynamics and VTA dopamine neuron activity in response to psychostimulants."

CNS Disorders • Mental Retardation

Does Loss of Neurotensin Expression within the Lateral Hypothalamic Area of the Brain Promote Comorbid Obesity and Pain? (Neuroscience 2026) - "Moreover, Nts Depleted exhibit increased operant responding for sucrose and reduced amphetamine-induced locomotor activity; these behaviors suggest that loss of Nts from the LHA impairs the mesolimbic dopamine system that is critical for modulating motivated feeding and movement...Going forward, these findings could inform future design of approaches to restore or augment Nts signaling to support healthy weight. This work was supported by awards from the United States Department of Defense (HT9425-23-1-0579) and the NIH (3-R01-DK103808)."

CNS Disorders • Pain • GAL • NTS

Antipsychotics with different mechanisms of action display distinct neural activation profiles in the striatum (Neuroscience 2026) - "We then administered one of four compounds that have been tested as antipsychotics (clozapine, MP-10, ecopipam, or haloperidol) to assess their neurobehavioral profiles. Hierarchical clustering of multidimensional neurobehavioral metrics successfully segregated compounds according to their mechanisms of action, despite the analysis being agnostic to pharmacology. These findings demonstrate that combining circuit-level measurements with behavioral assays enhances compound differentiation in an amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion model."

CNS Disorders

Thalamic Spatial Transcriptomics Reveals Mu and Kappa Opioid Receptor Circuits Involved in Pain and Addiction (Neuroscience 2026) - "Using spatial transcriptomics, we identify a large population of MD excitatory neurons that express the μ- and κ- opioid receptors and the neuropeptides CART (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript) and neurotensin...These behavioral domains have a strong relationship to substance use disorders and addiction in addition to pain, and may form a node of convergence between the two neurobiological constructs. The results provide the first spatially resolved molecular map of an opioid receptor-modulated MD circuit, revealing previously unrecognized peptide-defined excitatory subnetworks with potential roles in affective and motivational dimensions of pain."

Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Pain • Psychiatry

Amphetamine Challenge Reveals Enhanced Head Bobbing in BACHD Rats (Neuroscience 2026) - "These results indicate that involuntary, repetitive head stereotypies are not evident in the BACHD rat under baseline conditions but can be revealed following dopaminergic system stimulation. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms and to assess the translational relevance of these findings for HD."

Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • NEFL

The Serotonin Transporter as a Novel G Protein-Regulated Signaling Protein (Neuroscience 2026) - "Serotonin-releasing agents such as MDMA, an amphetamine derivative, increase extracellular serotonin by promoting non-vesicular serotonin efflux through SERT...Ongoing biochemical, pharmacological, and computational studies are aimed at defining the molecular basis of these interactions and determining their contribution to serotonin efflux. Ultimately, these studies will establish a mechanistic framework for G protein-dependent regulation of SERT and enable structure-based virtual screening efforts to identify compounds that reproduce the therapeutic serotonin-releasing properties of MDMA while minimizing toxicity and abuse liability."

CNS Disorders • Depression • Mental Retardation • Mood Disorders

SNX3 and SNX17 Regulate Bidirectional Trafficking of Neuronal Glutamate Transporter, EAAT3 (Neuroscience 2026) - "A C-terminal 504VNGGF508 motif is critical for the somatodendritic targeting of EAAT3 in hippocampal neurons and is required for amphetamine-mediated internalization, implicating it as a key regulatory hub...PLA experiments also showed that mutation of the C-terminal VNGGF motif reduced EAAT3 interactions with SNX3 and the WASH complex protein WashC2, while acute disruption of this motif using a TAT-interfering peptide paradoxically increased these interactions, suggesting competitive, motif-dependent regulation at the C-terminus. Together, these findings reveal that the constitutive trafficking of EAAT3 is governed by a bidirectional sorting nexin switch at its C-terminus, with implications for understanding how amphetamines regulate glutamatergic signaling."

CNS Disorders • Mental Retardation • Mood Disorders • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Schizophrenia • SNX

Two is better than one: sex, strain, and gene dosage shape psychostimulant-driven behavior in DAT Val559 mice (Neuroscience 2026) - "Consistent with prior studies, male HMZ mice exhibit blunted amphetamine (AMPH)-induced locomotion relative to WT controls, a phenotype absent in heterozygote (HET) males and HMZ females...Notably, novel phenotypes were observed in HETs that are absent in HMZs mice raising the intriguing possibility that the presence of the DAT Val559 mutant may impede or alter functionality of WT DAT. Ongoing work seeks to evaluate sex-, region-, and genotype-dependent alterations in DAT activity as well as the downstream impacts on dopaminergic circuit function and behavior."

Preclinical • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Mental Retardation • Mood Disorders • SLC6A3

Altered Expression of Interneuron-Related Genes and Inhibitory Neuronal Function in Zmym2 Mutant Mice, a Genetic Model of Schizophrenia and Neurodevelopmental Disorders (Neuroscience 2026) - "Behaviorally, Zmym2+/− mice showed an enhanced locomotor response to amphetamine and impaired sensory gating. Together, these findings suggest that reduced ZMYM2 function affects interneuron-related gene expression and neural network activity. The Zmym2 mutant mouse provides a genetically relevant model for investigating molecular and circuit mechanisms related to SCZ and associated neuropsychiatric disorders."

Neurodevelopmental • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Mental Retardation • Mood Disorders • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • MB • ZMYM2