azathioprine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

"On-site manufactured anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy normalized platelet count in a case of refractory immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)" (DGHO 2025) - "Here we report the case of a 68-year-old woman with refractory severe primary ITP treated with anti-CD19 CAR-T cells. Leukapheresis and processing were performed on-site using the CliniMACS Prodigy platform® and MB-CART19.1 lentiviral vector (Miltenyi Biotec). The patient underwent conditioning with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide, followed by fresh CAR-T cell infusion (vein-to-vein time: 13 days). The patient presented with a 16-month history of ITP and severe gastrointestinal bleeding, requiring repeated transfusions and critical care due to hemorrhagic shock and was refractory to standard treatments including steroids, IVIg, TPO receptor agonists, fostamatinib, rituximab, azathioprine, cyclosporine and splenectomy...The patient developed cytokine release syndrome (CRS) grade 1 on day 7, which escalated to grade 2 on day 8 but resolved following administration of tocilizumab... Anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy is an effective treatment for refractory ITP, with..."

CAR T-Cell Therapy • Clinical • Gastroenterology • Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura • Immunology • Inflammation • Thrombocytopenia • Thrombocytopenic Purpura • CD4 • CD8

Acquired Factor VIII (FVIII) Deficiency: A Case of Idiopathic Hemorrhage. (PubMed, Cureus) - "The patient was treated with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone for three days, a single dose of cyclophosphamide, and transitioned to oral prednisolone and azathioprine. This case underscores the importance of prompt recognition and combined laboratory, imaging, and clinical assessment in diagnosing acquired hemophilia, particularly in atypical presentations without mucocutaneous bleeding. Early targeted immunosuppressive therapy can result in rapid inhibitor eradication and favorable outcomes."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Hematological Disorders • Hemophilia • Hemophilia A • Mood Disorders • Rare Diseases • Thrombosis

Immunomodulation with IVIG and Rituximab for Alveolar Capillaritis (ACAAI 2025) - "Discussion Though our patient's autoimmune work-up was negative, treatment with rituximab, monthly IVIG, and daily azathioprine have shown promise in stabilizing infections and inflammation. We believe this is due to immunomodulatory effects through depletion of B-cells and downregulation and neutralization of inflammatory mediators."

Immunomodulating • Anemia • Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia • Fatigue • Hematological Disorders • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Pneumococcal Infections • Pulmonary Disease • Tetanus • Thrombosis

Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Requiring Treatment with Cyclophosphamide and Benralizumab (ACAAI 2025) - "She received pulse steroids, followed by six months of cyclophosphamide for persistent hand pain, then transitioned to azathioprine...Despite prednisone 15 mg daily, she had persistent eosinophilia (up to 590)...This case underscores the importance of individualized therapy in EGPA, leveraging both traditional immunosuppressants and anti IL-5 biologics to address the full spectrum of disease. Close collaboration between rheumatology, pulmonology, and allergy specialists is essential to optimizing outcomes and minimizing treatment-related toxicity."

Asthma • Eosinophilia • Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis • Fatigue • Immunology • Inflammation • Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis • Otorhinolaryngology • Pulmonary Disease • Rare Diseases • Respiratory Diseases • Rheumatology • Vasculitis • IL5

Use of Dupilumab as a Steroid-Sparing Agent in IgG4-Related Disease (ACAAI 2025) - "Despite hydroxychloroquine twice daily, he was unable to taper prednisone less than 5mg daily, and chronic steroid use had already resulted in steroid-induced osteopenia. He had failed other immunosuppressive agents: rituximab resulted in a severe transfusion reaction, mycophenolate mofetil caused recurrent infections, and azathioprine induced neutropenia. He was reluctant to start the anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody inebilizumab, as it had only just been approved for IgG4-RD treatment...This case highlights the potential utility of DUP as a steroid-sparing agent in IgG4-RD, particularly in patients with type 2 inflammatory comorbidities and contraindications to standard immunosuppressants. Further studies are needed to define its role in broader IgG4-RD management."

Asthma • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Neutropenia • Otorhinolaryngology • Respiratory Diseases • Sinusitis • IL13 • IL4

Evaluation Of A Newborn With Unexpected Reason For Positive SCID Screen (ACAAI 2025) - "Case Description A 7-day-old male born to a female with Crohn's disease on Allopurinol and Azathioprine presented with TREC count of zero on NBS. With increasing use of immune-modulating agents, there must be discussion on whether to include these specific drugs to the list of non-SCID conditions. This would allow providers to quickly assess, provide care, and broaden differentials for infants with T-cell lymphopenia of unknown cause."

Crohn's disease • Gastroenterology • Genetic Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Leukopenia • Primary Immunodeficiency

Epidemiology, Treatment Patterns, and Quality of Life in Adult Immune Thrombocytopenia: Routine Practice Data from the Multicenter German ITP Registry (D.ITP) (DGHO 2025) - P | "Alternative second-/third-line treatments included rituximab, fostamatinib, and azathioprine. Data from 400 pts with both primary (87%) and secondary ITP (13%) were analyzed. The median age was 63 years (range: 18–97), and 46% were female.At diagnosis, 61% had platelet (plt) counts <30/nl. Bleeding symptoms were reported in 42% of pts (median plt count 4/nl); 11% had severe (grade 3/4) bleeding."

Clinical • HEOR • Cardiovascular • Fatigue • Hematological Disorders • Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura • Immunology • Rare Diseases • Thrombocytopenia • Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Frequency of thiopurine methyltransferase variants and exploratory predictors of azathioprine-induced leukopenia in Saudi patients with inflammatory bowel disease. (PubMed, Saudi J Gastroenterol) - "TPMT variants were rare in this Saudi IBD cohort, consistent with other Asian populations, which limited the ability to assess their clinical impact. The observed leukopenia in variant carriers is descriptive only and should be interpreted with caution. In contrast, lower hemoglobin and platelet counts emerged as important predictors of AIL among wild-type patients. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive hematological monitoring and support the need for future research incorporating additional pharmacogenetic markers such as NUDT15."

Journal • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Leukopenia • NUDT15

Bilateral ampiginous choroiditis after COVID-19: a report of two cases. (PubMed, Rom J Ophthalmol) - "The patient was treated with oral steroids and azathioprine...This treatment regimen was continued, and follow-up was conducted. In conclusion, these two cases suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 virus may serve as an immunogenic trigger for the development or reactivation of ocular inflammatory diseases in individuals predisposed to white dot syndromes."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Respiratory Diseases

Atypical presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus flare with ileocecal ulceration and lymphadenopathy in a tuberculosis-endemic region. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "This case highlights that in TB-endemic regions, clinicians should consider lupus enteritis as a differential diagnosis in patients with nonspecific gastrointestinal lesions and lymphadenopathy, even when tuberculosis is a common concern. False-negative ANA ELISA and indeterminate TB-IGRA results can delay diagnosis. Lymphadenopathy, although not included in current lupus classification criteria, may be an important clinical clue for lupus flares."

Journal • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Lymphoma • Oncology • Pain • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus • Tuberculosis

Diagnostic Challenges in a Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Encephalitis: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Despite treatment with high-dose corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, and antipsychotics, she experienced recurrent psychotic episodes with poor response...The patient improved after intravenous immunoglobulin and plasmapheresis, and she remained stable under maintenance therapy with azathioprine and rituximab. This case illustrates the diagnostic complexity of neuropsychiatric manifestations in SLE, where overlapping autoimmunity may conceal the presence of NMDAR-E. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for autoimmune encephalitis in SLE patients with refractory neuropsychiatric symptoms, as timely recognition and treatment can significantly improve outcomes."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Psychiatry • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Risk of lymphoma with antimetabolite and biologic combinations: A pharmacovigilance analysis using the FDA adverse event reporting system database (ASH 2025) - "Our study compared combinations of antimetabolites—such asmethotrexate (MTX), mercaptopurine (6-MP), and azathioprine (AZA)—with anti-TNF agents includinginfliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab, and golimumab, to determine which regimens were most stronglyassociated with lymphoma. Clinicians should carefully weigh the risks and benefits of combination immunosuppressivetherapy, especially when prescribing infliximab with MTX or 6-MP, given the observed synergistic increasein risk for lymphoma."

Adverse events • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Lymphoma • ROR1

Preliminary clinical experience with mesenchymal stromal cells in autoimmune hemolytic anemia: A Case series in two dogs and one cat (ASH 2025) - "While first-line therapy typically consists of corticosteroids in combination with adjunctive immunosuppressiveagents such as cyclosporine or azathioprine, a subset of patients fails to achieve sustained clinicalremission. However, further controlled clinical trials arewarranted to confirm efficacy, optimize dosing regimens, and comprehensively evaluate long-term safetyprofiles. Given the shared pathophysiology of AIHA across species, these data may provide importanttranslational insights relevant to the development of MSC-based therapies for human autoimmunehemolytic conditions."

Clinical • Stroma • Anemia • Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • CD44 • ITGB1 • THY1

Propensity score matching analysis comparing the efficacy and long-term outcomes of belumosudil to the best available treatment as a historical control, used as second-line therapy or beyond for chronic GVHD after steroid failure. (ASH 2025) - "Treatment included prednisone in 284 (92.5%),mycophenolate in 145 (47.2%), azathioprine (AZA) in 144 (46.9%), a calcineurin inhibitor in 54 (17.6%),hydroxychloroquine in 51 (16.6%), extracorporeal photopheresis in 20 (6.5%), and rituximab in 10 (3.3%).A propensity score was calculated from the following unbalanced clinical factors: age (≥60 vs. <60), GvHDseverity (severe vs. mild/moderate), HCT-CI score (≥3 vs. <3), and treatment line (≥4th vs. <4th). The BEL group showed 72.0% [55.0–83.4] 12 months' FFS rate vs25.3% [10.6–43.1] for BAT (p<0.001), whereas 12 months' OS rates were 92.1% [77.3–97.4] and 88.4%[60.8–97.0] (p=0.317), respectively.Both univariate (UVA) and multivariate analysis (MVA) (BEL vs. BAT, HCT-CI ≥3, severe cGvHD, age ≥ 60,and previous acute GvHD) for FFS confirmed BEL superiority over BAT (hazard ratio (HR) 0.288 [0.155–0.535], p<0.001; no differences for the other factors). For OS, UVA showed that BEL had a trend for ahigher OS..."

Clinical • Acute Graft versus Host Disease • Chronic Graft versus Host Disease • Graft versus Host Disease • Immunology

A US real-world analysis of demographics, transplant patterns, and survival outcomes in posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) (ASH 2025) - "Other agents includedprednisone (6.2%), cyclosporine (5.8%), sirolimus (5.8%), dexamethasone (4.8%), azathioprine (3.1%),methylprednisolone (1.9%), everolimus (0.7%), ibrutinib (0.6%), ruxolitinib (0.6%), mycophenolate(0.3%), basiliximab (0.2%), and thymoglobulin (0.1%).Extranodal, bone marrow, and CNS involvement were present in 29.5%, 1.9%, and 1.8% of cases,respectively...Median OSfor heart transplant recipients was 2730 days, and for those who underwent HSCT, 2643 days.Regarding treatment, only 10 patients received bispecific antibodies (glofitamab, epcoritamab, ormosunetuzumab) and only 23 patients received CAR-T therapy. This study represents one of the largest real-world analyses of PTLD in adult patients inthe US, utilizing the TriNetX dataset spanning over three decades. This study represents one of the largest real-world analyses of PTLD in adult patients inthe US, utilizing the TriNetX dataset spanning over three decades. Improvement in OS in more recentyears..."

Clinical • Post-transplantation • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Epstein-Barr Virus Infections • Hematological Malignancies • Hodgkin Lymphoma • Lymphoma • Solid Organ Transplantation • Transplantation

Real world outcomes of patients with cold agglutinin disease (ASH 2025) - "The median number of 1 (range 0-7) lines of therapy for CAD were administered.Rituximab monotherapy ± plasma exchange were most frequently employed (n=31) and, along withdexamethasone-rituximab-cyclophosphamide (n=7), achieved the highest response rates of 71% (22/31and 5/7, respectively). Bortezomib combinations yielded a 67% response (2/3), as did R-CHOP-likecombinations (4/6). Complement inhibitors were used in 13 patients with a 61% response rate (8/13).Bendamustine-rituximab, BTKi, and daratumumab each demonstrated response rates of 57% (4/7 each),while venetoclax produced a 50% response (1/2). Among 54 patients with CAD, many required multiple treatment regimens. Response rates exceeded 50%in the majority with best responses with traditional rituximab-based therapies and efficacy with cloneand complement-directed therapy."

Clinical • IO biomarker • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia • Cardiovascular • Complement-mediated Rare Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Lymphoma • Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Thrombosis • Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

Prevalence and demographics of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in the United States (ASH 2025) - "Annual prevalence was stratified by age group, sex,and prescription fill for an AIHA-related treatment (systemic steroids, immunosuppressants[azathioprine, mycophenolate, cyclosporin, cyclophosphamide, danazol, bortezomib, rituximab],splenectomy) in the calendar year. AIHA prevalence in this study was consistent with estimates from European countries andhas been increasing in recent years, providing evidence of consistent disease epidemiology across severalgeographies."

Anemia • Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia • Hematological Disorders • Immunology

Daratumumab for immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP): Results from the international, multicenter darttp study (ASH 2025) - "Patients had received a median of 3 (IQR 2)previous IST, including rituximab (100%), bortezomib and mycophenolate (25% each), cyclosporine andcyclophosphamide (20% each), azathioprine (15%), vincristine (10%), obinutuzumab, ofatumumab, andsplenectomy (5% each). Seventeen patients received daratumumab in the remission phase (i.e., forADAMTS13 relapse or intolerance to other IST), while 3 during an acute episode (plasma-based therapyand caplacizumab ongoing in 3 and 2 patients, respectively)...Disease duration, previous IST used, daratumumab schedule, ordemographics did not correlate with response or its duration...A patient not receiving acyclovir had a grade 2 zoster skininfection 3 months after her last daratumumab infusion. in this study, daratumumab warranted rapid ADAMTS13 remission in 75% of iTTP patientsrefractory or intolerant to rituximab and other conventional IST... in this study, daratumumab warranted rapid ADAMTS13 remission in 75% of iTTP patientsrefractory..."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Dermatology • Hematological Disorders • Herpes Zoster • Thrombocytopenic Purpura • CD20

Real-world effectiveness and safety of fostamatinib in difficult-to-treat patients: Results of a three-year registry in France. (ASH 2025) - "Seventy-height percent ofpatients had been exposed to eltrombopag, 74.4% to romiplostim, 86.0% to rituximab, 48.8% tomycopenolate or azathioprine, and 28.0% were splenectomized. Fostamatinib was used in previously very heavily treated patients, with response rates of44.0% at M3 and of 20.0% at M24. Combination therapy with TPO-RA is an option to consider in thispopulation. No new safety signal was observed."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world effectiveness • Real-world evidence • Hematological Malignancies • Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Lymphoma • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Myocardial Infarction • Neutropenia • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension • Thrombocytopenia • Thrombocytopenic Purpura • Thrombosis

Hematological symptom burden and treatment patterns in patients with IgG4-related disease: A real-world, multicenter retrospective analysis (ASH 2025) - "The most used agents includedrituximab (6%), azathioprine (6%), mycophenolate mofetil (5%), and methotrexate (3%).In this large, real-world cohort of patients with IgG4-RD, hematologic manifestations were observed inover one-fifth of patients and were associated with a numerically higher mortality rate.Lymphadenopathy was the most common hematologic feature. In this large, real-world cohort of patients with IgG4-RD, hematologic manifestations were observed inover one-fifth of patients and were associated with a numerically higher mortality rate.Lymphadenopathy was the most common hematologic feature. Despite the widespread use ofcorticosteroids, a substantial proportion of patients required steroid-sparing agents. These findingshighlight the hematologic complexity of IgG4-RD and underscore the need for multidisciplinarymanagement and prospective studies focused on hematologic outcomes."

Real-world • Real-world evidence • Retrospective data • Cardiovascular • Hematological Malignancies • Hypertension • Inflammation • Monoclonal Gammopathy

Severe hemolysis flare of refractory warm hemolytic anemia with positive complement component C3d responsive to iptacopan with cyclophosphamide and prednisone (ASH 2025) - "All patients had received at least two prior therapies, including but not limited to steroids,IVIG, rituximab, tacrolimus and azathioprine without achieving a good response...In addition, twopatients (13.33%) had a history of bortezomib treatment, and another two patients (13.33%) hadreceived azathioprine therapy... Refractory wAIHA patients achieved good therapeutic efficacy after treatment with Iptacopancombined with cyclophosphamide and prednisone. Our clinical practice will provide a new potentialapproach to the treatment of refractory wAIHA."

Anemia • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Lymphoma • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Double or triple therapy in newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia: Improving outcomes from the west-central Mexican experience. (ASH 2025) - "Treatment consisted of oral or IV dexamethasone 40mg daily for 4 days every 21 days for two cycles; eltrombopag 50 mg daily for 28 days, suspended ifplatelet counts rise above 400x109/L; and azathioprine 2 mg/kg/day for 42 days in DEA arm. With this latter group the DOR was better at 180 and maintained at 360 days.The cornerstone in the treatment has been with steroids, but differences in type of steroid and number ifcycles remain unanswered, even more with combinations, and the introduction of new agents (BloodReviews 2025,101300). Multicentric clinical trials are needed to evaluate the combined therapy that willbring long lasting complete remissions or even cure in the first line of therapy."

Immunology

Calcineurin inhibitors reduce risk of MGUS progression to multiple myeloma in immunosuppressant users: A retrospective multi-institution cohort study (ASH 2025) - "To ensure maximal consistency across the studied population,both the exposure group and the control group had received at least one of the following IST—azathioprine, leflunomide, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, sulfasalazine, or mycophenolate mofetil—within 1 year prior to, or any time after, the initial diagnosis of MGUS but before any diagnosis of MM.Patients in CNi group were defined by additional CNi exposure (excluding topical and ophthalmic route)within the same time window, whereas control had never received CNi. These findings support thehypothesis that dampening immune activation may lower the risk of malignant transformation in MGUS.Clinically, this study alleviates concerns regarding the potential oncogenic risks of cytotoxic T cellsuppression in patients with coexisting autoimmune disorders and MGUS. Furthermore, it raises thepotential role of T cell inhibitors as one of the interventions to prevent MGUS progression in broaderpatient populations, warranting..."

Retrospective data • Immunology • CD8 • GZMB

Heterogeneity of treatment regimens and related health resource use in managing patients with waiha: A US multi-database retrospective observational Study (ASH 2025) - "Patients on treatment were defined by use of oral corticosteroids (OCS), immunosuppressants(IST) (including azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide, or tacrolimus) orrituximab. No changes in rescue treatments, and anincrease in blood transfusions after rituximab infusion suggest treatment gaps remain. Analysis revealsheterogeneity in rituximab dosing patterns including high deviation from standard dosing practices; thisvariance from published expert opinion along with common use of rescue therapies suggests continuedneed for standardized guidelines and development of targeted therapies in wAIHA."

Heterogeneity • Observational data • Retrospective data • Anemia • Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Solid Tumor

Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and concurrent autoimmune disease (ASH 2025) - "methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ),azathioprine); 9 required biologic/targeted DMARD (ex. adalimumab, etanercept, risankizumab,infliximab, rituximab).DMARDs were weaned prior to CART however 9 pts (37.5%) remained on AID tx at the time of cellcollection, including HCQ (n=4), sulfasalazine/mesalamine (n=2), and 1 each of prednisone, colestipol,sulfasalazine, and apremilast... In this single center study of pts receiving CART for NHL we found no difference in responserates nor survival outcomes in pts with or without AID and therefore propose that AID should notpreclude the use of CART. Lower severity of ICANS was seen in AID pts, though additional study withlarger cohorts is required. The majority of pts were able to taper off AID tx prior to CART, while HCQ wasable to be safely continued throughout CART collection with no apparent effect on CART efficacy."

CAR T-Cell Therapy • Clinical • Ankylosing Spondylitis • B Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma • CNS Disorders • Dermatology • Dermatomyositis • Gastroenterology • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lymphoma • Myasthenia Gravis • Myositis • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Psoriasis • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies