GlucaGen (recombinant glucagon) / Novo Nordisk - LARVOL DELTA

Three-Year Real-World Performance of Bihormonal Fully Closed-Loop Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes. (PubMed, Diabetes Technol Ther) - "Real-world data demonstrated long-term stability of bihormonal FCL system performance among individuals treated with GG. A slight decline in performance was observed in the total population, and outcomes significantly deteriorated for users after the glucagon switch, indicating a negative effect on FCL performance of the alternative glucagon. Overall, the long-term findings point toward the benefits of the bihormonal FCL to maintain adequate glycemic control in people with type 1 diabetes over several years."

Journal • Real-world evidence • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Metabolic mechanisms of duodeno-ileal diversion: early bile acid and incretin signalling predict glycaemic outcomes. (PubMed, Gut) - No abstract available

Journal

The POST-PRANDIAL HYPO-AVOID STUDYnLow-Dose Glucagon and Automated Insulin Delivery for Prevention of Spontaneous Exercise-Induced nHypoglycemia in People with Type 1 Diabetes (clinicaltrialsregister.eu) - P4 | N=18 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen

New P4 trial • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

BIHORMONAL FULLY CLOSED LOOP SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT OF TYPE 1 DIABETES: THREE-YEARS OF REAL-WORLD DATA (ATTD 2026) - "Only individuals who continued with GlucaGen were included in this analysis... Glycaemic control achieved with the FCL system in adults with type 1 diabetes was maintained over three years, indicating that the benefits observed at one year are sustained over a longer period of time."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

KKB_2025_GLUPAB: Impact of Glucagon on Physical Capacity and Metabolism (clinicaltrialsregister.eu) - P1/2 | N=47 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Katholisches Klinikum Bochum gGmbH

New P1/2 trial • Cardiovascular • Heart Failure • Hepatology • Metabolic Disorders • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease

Diabetic ketoacidosis after immune checkpoint inhibitor Avelumab therapy (EASD 2025) - "Serum C-peptide were ⋯⋯after glucagen test... This case reports a very rare but significant complication of immune checkpoint inhibitor Avelumab . However healthcare professionals should be aware of this adverse event. With the increasing use of checkpoint inhibitors in cancer management the incidence of this complication is likely to increase.Discussion around the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis should be routine in patients receiving anti-PD- L1 therapy."

Checkpoint inhibition • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders

Psychiatry and Obesity: Lifestyles Education Attitudes Nutrition (Le4AN) and Targeted Medication Use -- an Integrated Model (APA 2025) - "The continued development of weight loss drugs, most recently and significantly the Glucagen-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists, have given the program an additional tool for patients who fall in the morbidly obese range, who may have life-threatening health conditions, and/or significant restrictions on exercise...Objective Four: Describe when a GLP-1 agonist would be considered in a comprehensive weight loss approach. Objective Five: List most common side effects of GLP-1 agonists and mitigation measures.; Objective One: Explain foundational LE4AN strategies for approaching weight loss in patients.; Objective Two: Summarize at least one behavioral approach and one cognitive approach they could use for patients with weight loss goals.; Objective Three: Discuss current FDA-approved medications for weight loss.; Objective Four: Describe when a GLP-1 agonist would be considered in a comprehensive weight loss approach.; Objective Five: List most common side effects of GLP-1..."

Genetic Disorders • Obesity • Psychiatry

LOW-DOSE GLUCAGON AFTER FASTED EXERCISE FOLLOWING LOW VS. HIGH CARBOHYDRATE DIETS – A THREE-ARM RANDOMIZED CROSSOVER STUDY (ATTD 2025) - "On day eight of each intervention period, participants performed 45 minutes of fasted cycling (60% of V̇O2peak) followed by 90 minutes of rest then a subcutaneous injection of 150 micrograms of native glucagon (GlucaGen®, Novo Nordisk)...1). There were no significant differences in incremental peak values or incremental area under the glucose curve in the 2-hour observation period following glucagon administration.Conclusions The glycemic responses to a low dose of glucagon administered subcutaneously after fasted exercise were not significantly affected by the diet composition in the preceding seven days."

Clinical • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

The HYPO-AVOID: Low-Dose Glucagon and Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop System for Prevention of Exercise-Induced Hypoglycaemia in People With Type 1 Diabetes (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=10 | Completed | Sponsor: Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen | Recruiting ➔ Completed | N=16 ➔ 10

Enrollment change • Metastases • Trial completion • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Growth Hormone Deficiency in A Child with Known GM1 Gangliosidosis (ESPE 2024) - "The child has been monitored by the Pediatric Neurology Unit of the same hospital due to a genetic diagnosis of GM1 gangliosidosis type 2 for two years and treated with miglustat and a ketogenic diet.The child presented with microphallia (penile length=4.5cm <3rd percentile) and growth delay (Height :124cm , <3rd percentile) with an average growth rate of 2.4cm/year for the last two years concomitantly with insufficient body weight increase...The patient underwent two consecutive growth hormone stimulation tests, which were abnormal (peak GH in glucagen test = 2.89ng/ml and peak GH in L-Dopa test=4.59ng/ml)... We report the case of a boy with GM1 gangliosidosis and growth hormone deficiency. Endogenous metabolic disorders may affect growth both by direct effects on the GH/IGF-1 pathway and through renal and hepatic insufficiency. Our patient diagnosed with GM1 gangliosidosis and GH deficiency (GHD) had normal kidney and liver function."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Endocrine Disorders • Epilepsy • Genetic Disorders • Growth Hormone Deficiency • Growth Hormone Deficiency (Pediatric) • Hepatitis C • Liver Failure • Lysosomal Storage Diseases • Metabolic Disorders • Movement Disorders • Pediatrics • IGF1

Definite benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists: what is the risk of gastroparesis and lung aspiration? (PubMed, Gut) - No abstract available

Journal • Gastrointestinal Disorder

The HYPO-AVOID: Low-Dose Glucagon and Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop System for Prevention of Exercise-Induced Hypoglycaemia in People With Type 1 Diabetes (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=16 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen | Trial completion date: Dec 2023 ➔ May 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2023 ➔ May 2024

Metastases • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Author reply to: Exploring the impact of short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists on GERD risk. (PubMed, Gut) - No abstract available

Journal • Barrett Esophagus • Gastroenterology • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Glucagon: Delivery Advancements for Hypoglycemia Management. (PubMed, Int J Pharm) - "Recent developments include non-injectable methods like BAQSIMI® (Nasal glucagon) offers a user-friendly option, but stability, bioavailability, and rapid onset remain formulation hurdles...The synergy of patent innovation and clinical validation offers a glimpse into the transformative potential of glucagon delivery yet underscores the intricate path toward widespread adoption and improved diabetes care. Finally, this review will help the formulation scientist, clinicians, healthcare providers, and patient to manage hypoglycemia using glucagon."

Journal • Review • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders

STABLE-1: A Stable Glucagon Analog Administered by a Bihormonal Closed Loop System (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=0 | Withdrawn | Sponsor: Inreda Diabetic B.V. | N=12 ➔ 0 | Trial completion date: Aug 2023 ➔ Dec 2023 | Not yet recruiting ➔ Withdrawn | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2023 ➔ Dec 2023

Enrollment change • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Trial withdrawal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Author reply to: Increased Incidence of GERD in GLP-1 treated patients - fact or artefact? (PubMed, Gut) - No abstract available

Journal • Barrett Esophagus • Gastroenterology • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease • Genetic Disorders

Low-dose Glucagon for Prevention of Exercise-Induced Hypoglycemia in People With Type 1 Diabetes (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=22 | Completed | Sponsor: Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen | Recruiting ➔ Completed | Trial completion date: Dec 2023 ➔ Aug 2023 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2023 ➔ Aug 2023

Trial completion • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Antiobesity interventions: options, evidence and value. (PubMed, Gut) - No abstract available

Journal • Genetic Disorders • Obesity

GORD and GLP-1 receptor agonists: an emerging concern for gastroenterologists. (PubMed, Gut) - No abstract available

Journal • Barrett Esophagus • Diabetes • Gastroenterology • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders

Shorter-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are associated with increased development of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and its complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-level retrospective matched cohort study. (PubMed, Gut) - "Starting shorter-acting GLP-1 RAs is associated with increased risks of GERD and its complications."

Journal • Retrospective data • Barrett Esophagus • Diabetes • Gastroenterology • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Studying the IMPpact of nasal glucagon on real-Life Experiences of Severe hypoglycemia Treatment (SIMPLEST) in the German population (EASD 2023) - "Overall, 127 PwD currently or previously owned GlucaGen Hypokit, of which 77 used it to treat SH... Evaluation of risk of SH is an important factor for prescribing NG. The overall satisfaction with NG and the positive impact on QoL suggest that NG could improve PwD's everyday life related to SH management."

Clinical • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Severe Hypoglycemia • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The HYPO-AVOID: Low-Dose Glucagon and Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop System for Prevention of Exercise-Induced Hypoglycaemia in People With Type 1 Diabetes (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=16 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen | Trial completion date: Jun 2023 ➔ Dec 2023 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2023 ➔ Dec 2023

Metastases • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

HypoADAPT: Metabolic Adaptation to High-frequent Hypoglycaemia in Type 1 Diabetes (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=60 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Nordsjaellands Hospital | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Dec 2022 ➔ Dec 2023 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2022 ➔ Dec 2023

Enrollment closed • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Pancreatic Clamp in NAFLD (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=20 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Columbia University

New P1 trial • Genetic Disorders • Hepatology • Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease • Obesity • APOB

Use of glucagon in severe hypoglycemia is scarce in most countries, and has not been expanded by new ready-to-use glucagons. (PubMed, Diabetol Metab Syndr) - "The aims of this study were to evaluate the use of glucagon in persons with type 1 diabetes in several countries, and to investigate if the availability of new ready-to-use glucagons (Baqsimi, Gvoke, Zegalogue, years 2019 to 2021) has expanded the overall use of glucagon...The use of glucagon (any type) remains low, approximately 1/10 of persons with type 1 diabetes. We conclude that use of glucagon is scarce in most countries, and so far has not been expanded by new ready-to-use glucagons such as the ones considered in this study."

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Severe Hypoglycemia • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus