Nesina (alogliptin) / Takeda, AbbVie - LARVOL DELTA

Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone versus dapagliflozin as an add-on to metformin and alogliptin combination therapy: the EPIDOTE study. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "Pioglitazone added to metformin and alogliptin significantly improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, and was non-inferior to dapagliflozin. This study suggests that pioglitazone could be an effective and safe option for patients with inadequate glycemic control on metformin and DPP4i."

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

CER-4-T2D: Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Four Second Line Pharmacological Strategies in Type 2 Diabetes Study (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=781430 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Brigham and Women's Hospital | Trial completion date: Jul 2024 ➔ Jul 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jul 2024 ➔ Jan 2026

HEOR • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Diabetic Nephropathy • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors: Novel Therapeutic Agents in the Management of Type II Diabetes Mellitus. (PubMed, Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf) - "DPP-4 inhibitors remain effective and well-tolerated options for managing T2DM."

Journal • Review • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Alogliptin repositioning confers protection against diclofenac-induced liver injury by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB, ROS/TXNIP, and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in rats. (PubMed, Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol) - "This study validated the interplay among the TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB/NLRP3/ASC/cleaved caspase-1, Nrf2/TXNIP, and ROS/TXNIP signaling trajectories in mediating Diclo-induced pyroptosis. Furthermore, it revealed that a dose-dependent hepatoprotective effect of Alo signifies its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-pyroptotic actions that could offer a promising strategy for alleviating Diclo-induced hepatotoxicity."

Journal • Preclinical • Hepatology • Inflammation • Liver Failure • NLRP3 • TLR4 • TRAF6 • TXNIP

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: A network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. (PubMed, J Diabetes Complications) - "Current randomized evidence indicates class-level neutrality of DPP-4 inhibitors on DR incidence, with no dose-response signal. Choice among gliptins may therefore be guided primarily by glycemic efficacy, safety, and participant characteristics rather than retinal risk."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Diabetes • Diabetic Retinopathy • Metabolic Disorders • Retinal Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Exploring the Evidence for Personalized Pharmacotherapy in Type 2 Diabetes-A Systematic Review. (PubMed, J Pers Med) - " We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published from the earliest available records to 18 August 2025 using the following Boolean search terms: "miRNA AND gliclazide", "miRNA AND glibenclamide", "miRNA AND gliquidone", "miRNA AND glimepiride", "mirRNA AND metformin", "miRNA AND pioglitazone", "miRNA AND rosiglitazone", "miRNA AND sitagliptin", "miRNA AND vildagliptin", "miRNA AND alogliptin", "miRNA and saxagliptin", "miRNA AND linagliptin", "miRNA AND liraglutide", "miRNA and dulaglutide", "miRNA AND semaglutide", "miRNA AND tirzepatide", "miRNA AND lixisenatide", "miRNA AND empagliflozin", "miRNA AND dapagliflozin", miRNA AND insulin glargine", "miRNA AND insulin detemir", "miRNA AND insulin degludec", "miRNA AND..."

Journal • Review • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Effect of Oral Hypoglycaemic Agents on Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease and/or Diabetes-A Systematic Review. (PubMed, Endocrinol Diabetes Metab) - "The study suggests that prolonged use of Pioglitazone, Repaglinide and Alogliptin may significantly slow CIMT progression, improving cardiovascular risk management in patients with diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease. Further research is needed to understand the benefits and optimise oral hypoglycaemic treatment strategies for these patients."

Journal • Review • Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

ON TARGET DM: Comparison of Type 2 Diabetes Pharmacotherapy Regimens (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=241981 | Completed | Sponsor: Kaiser Permanente | Recruiting ➔ Completed | Trial completion date: Aug 2025 ➔ Mar 2025

Trial completion • Trial completion date • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Sequel in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Various Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. (PubMed, Cureus) - "The systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by utilizing widespread empirical research and randomized control trials (RCTs), evaluating sitagliptin, saxagliptin, alogliptin, and linagliptin. Sitagliptin and linagliptin appear neutral regarding HF risk. These findings highlight the importance of drug-specific evaluation when selecting a DPP-4 inhibitor for type-2 diabetic patients, particularly those having an elevated risk of heart failure."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Diabetes • Heart Failure • Metabolic Disorders • Myocardial Infarction • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Comparative effectiveness of metformin and alogliptin combination therapy versus metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: an emulated target trial. (PubMed, BMC Endocr Disord) - "By emulating a target trial, this study showed that dual therapy with metformin and alogliptin improved glycemic control in patients with T2DM in South Korea. Given the growing number of available treatment regimens, future research should incorporate a wider range of antidiabetic agents and explore the effectiveness of various therapeutic combinations."

HEOR • Journal • Monotherapy • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors Associated with Lower Psoriatic Disease Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: A 13-Year Nationwide Cohort Study with Mechanistic Validation. (PubMed, Acta Derm Venereol) - "Individual dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors demonstrated varying protective effects, with alogliptin showing the strongest protection. In vitro experiments confirmed that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors significantly attenuated inflammatory responses in human skin cells. This large-scale nationwide study demonstrates that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors use is associated with a 41.7% lower risk in psoriatic disease in diabetic patients."

Journal • Dermatology • Diabetes • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Arthritis • Metabolic Disorders • Psoriasis • Psoriatic Arthritis • Rheumatology • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Identification and Verification of Immune Metabolism-Related Biomarkers and Immune Infiltration Landscape for Pediatric Opsoclonus Myoclonus Ataxia Syndrome in Neuroblastoma. (PubMed, CNS Neurosci Ther) - "Four immune metabolism-associated diagnostic genes were identified, including TRAF3IP2, RIPK1, KEAP1, and DPP4 for OMAS."

Biomarker • Journal • Ataxia • Movement Disorders • Neuroblastoma • Oncology • Pediatrics • Solid Tumor • KEAP1 • RIPK1 • TRAF3IP2

A multi-cohort, open-label, multi-center exploratory study of alogliptin alpha injection for the prevention of neutropenia after two-week chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer/pancreatic can (ChiCTR) - P3 | N=89 | Recruiting | Sponsor: The second affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University school of medicine; The second affiliated hospital of Zhejiang University school of medicine

New P3 trial • Colorectal Cancer • Neutropenia • Oncology • Pancreatic Cancer • Solid Tumor

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors for the Primary Prevention of Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Target Trial Emulation (ACR Convergence 2025) - "This study aimed to evaluate the effect of treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on the risk of new-onset SARD. This emulated target trial used electronic health records of adults with T2D who initiated either an SGLT2i (canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, or ertugliflozin) or a DPP4i (alogliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, or sitagliptin) between 2016 and 2024 from 101 U.S. healthcare organizations. Treatment with SGLT2i, especially dapagliflozin and empagliflozin, was associated with reduced risks of developing various SARD compared to DPP4i. These findings provide evidence for the broader immunomodulatory effects of SGLT2i. Prospective studies on the roles of SGLT2i in attenuating inflammation and autoimmunity are warranted to validate the finding."

Clinical • Ankylosing Spondylitis • Diabetes • Giant Cell Arteritis • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Metabolic Disorders • Musculoskeletal Pain • Rare Diseases • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • Scleroderma • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies • Sjogren's Syndrome • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus • Systemic Sclerosis • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • Vasculitis

Alogliptin Mitigates Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in a Rat Model: Antagonizing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Moreover, ALO retrieved the oxidative balance, the attenuated Nrf2/HO-1 expression, and the elevated KIM-1, TNF-α, and c-caspase-3 expression. In conclusion, ALO might abrogate MTX-elicited kidney damage by rectifying the deviation in oxidative status, apoptotic and inflammatory pathways, paving the way for managing MTX-induced nephrotoxicity."

Journal • Preclinical • Diabetes • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Renal Disease • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • CASP3 • CAT • HMOX1 • KIM1 • NFE2L2 • TNFA

Association of statins, gliptins, and antipsychotics with bullous pemphigoid: A case-control study in the Cretan population (EADV 2025) - "Higher proportions of use in the BP group vs. control group were found for atorvastatin (OR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.04-3.32, P = 0.035), linagliptin (OR = 6.63, 95% CI 2.17-20.23, P < 0.001), vildagliptin (OR = 3.20, 95% CI 1.73-5.91, P < 0.001), alogliptin (OR = 5.11, 95% CI 1.19-22.04, P = 0.016), and quetiapine (OR = 4.21, 95% CI 1.5-11.85, P = 0.004)...Metformin intake showed no significant association with BP (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.18-1.28, P = 0.143)... Our findings confirm and extend previous studies reporting the association of gliptins and antipsychotics on BP in other European populations. The association found for statins is new, thus more studies are needed to corroborate its validity."

Clinical • Bullous Pemphigoid • CNS Disorders • Dermatology • Dermatopathology • Diabetes • Endocrine Disorders • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders

Evaluation and comparison of efficacy and safety of mitochondrial modulator (Imeglimin) and DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A Bayesian network meta-analysis. (PubMed, J Endocrinol Invest) - "Imeg and DPP-4i demonstrated favorable antidiabetic effects and good safety. Imeg exhibited comparable glycemic control to that of DPP-4i. Overall, Alog was the most suitable option among the included DPP-4i for T2DM patients with hyperlipidemia. Tene demonstrated significant efficacy in glycemic control, and can be a first-line choice among the included DPP-4i."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Efficacy and Safety of Vildagliptin Versus Other Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Vildagliptin showed a low incidence of hypoglycemic events in comparison with other DPP-4 inhibitors. Overall, this systematic review found no significant superiority of vildagliptin over other DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and alogliptin in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, whether used as monotherapy or in combination therapy."

Journal • Review • Diabetes • Gestational Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Fixed-dose combinations of hypoglycemic drugs: potential of alogliptin/pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review (PubMed, Ter Arkh) - "Alogliptin and pioglitazone are of interest in terms of their complex effect on the patient's organism. The purpose of this review is to assess the advantages of the combination of alogliptin and pioglitazone based on an analysis of published data on the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of these drugs."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Diabetes • Diabetic Nephropathy • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Efficacy and Safety of Add-On Therapy With Empagliflozin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on a Background of Alogliptin and Metformin (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=171 | Enrolling by invitation | Sponsor: Celltrion

New P3 trial • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Efficacy and Safety of Add-On Therapy With Empagliflozin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on a Background of Alogliptin and Metformin (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=171 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Celltrion | Enrolling by invitation ➔ Recruiting

Enrollment status • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and the Risk of Fractures in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis. (PubMed, Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol) - "Overall, DPP-4i was not associated with an increased risk of fractures in patients with T2DM. However, alogliptin demonstrated a reduced risk of fractures when compared to both linagliptin and SGLT2i. Further long-term clinical studies are needed to confirm the present findings."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The Association of SGLT2i vs DPP4i on Fracture: A Cohort Study in Veterans with Diabetes. (PubMed, Am J Med Open) - "The unweighted sample included 115,124 SGLT2i episodes (104,086 Veterans; 94% empagliflozin; 4% canagliflozin; 2% dapagliflozin) and 213,095 DPP4i episodes (173,724 Veterans; 45% saxagliptin; 15% sitagliptin; 34% alogliptin; 6% Linagliptin). The adjusted hazard ratio (adjusted hazard ratio 0.93 [0.87, 0.99]) excluded increased risk of fractures (adjusted hazard ratio > 1) in SGLT2i users. SGLT2i use as add-on treatment for diabetes was not associated with increased fracture outcomes compared to DPP4i."

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics

DPP4-targeted molecular imaging of anaplastic thyroid cancer (SNMMI 2025) - "DPP4 was overexpressed in BHT cell lines. 68Ga-DOTA- Alogliptin was developed with good radiochemical yield and radiochemical purity. PET/CT imaging demonstrated that 68Ga-DOTA-Alogliptin specifically accumulated in DPP4-positive BHT tumors with a high contrast (Figure)."

Endocrine Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Thyroid Gland Anaplastic Carcinoma • Thyroid Gland Carcinoma • DPP4

Ultrasensitive detection of alogliptin via fluorescence quenching of terbium-doped carbon quantum dots: mechanistic investigation, Box-Behnken optimization and analytical evaluation. (PubMed, RSC Adv) - "The validated method was successfully applied for alogliptin analysis in pharmaceutical formulations, spiked human plasma, and environmental water samples, with satisfactory recovery rates (95.10-103.79%). Additionally, the greenness and blueness assessments revealed the superior environmental compatibility and comparable analytical practicality of the Tb-CQDs fluorescence technique compared to conventional HPLC-UV approaches, highlighting the sustainability advantages of this nanomaterial-based sensing platform."

Journal