sulphaguanidine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

New multitarget antidiabetic potential agents based on sulfaguanidine: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. (PubMed, RSC Adv) - "Interestingly, all the synthesized sulfaguanidine derivatives exhibited significant α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory potentials that were more potent than acarbose. The prominent interactions with the α-amylase and α-glucosidase active sites can be used to computationally rationalize the significant in vitro inhibitory activity of the synthesized sulfaguanidine derivatives against both enzymes. This study reveals that sulfaguanidine-conjugated pyrazole or oxazole derivatives are prospective multitarget therapeutic candidates that can be employed for the treatment of T2DM, which is characterized by complicated etiologies."

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Occurrence Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Emerging Pollutants in Typical Lake and Reservoir Sediments of Sichuan Province (PubMed, Huan Jing Ke Xue) - "Sulfaguanidine and acetaminophen exhibited high ecological risks， and acetylsalicylic acid， ofloxacin， and sulfadiazine were categorized as medium-risk compounds. The distribution and characteristics of pharmaceutical emerging contaminants in lake and reservoir sediments were significantly influenced by regional anthropogenic activities， with primary industry， livestock farming， aquaculture， and population size having substantial impacts on their spatial distribution."

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Purification and biochemical characterization of lactoperoxidase from Jersey bovine milk and kefir: inhibition and molecular modeling. (PubMed, Prep Biochem Biotechnol) - "Inhibition assays demonstrated competitive behavior for both inhibitors; by Ki, sulfaguanidine was more potent than sulfanilamide (milk: 5.79 ± 0.78 vs 12.2 ± 1.23 μM; kefir: 5.08 ± 0.82 vs 25 ± 1.18 μM). Molecular docking reproduced the crystallographic pose (redocking RMSD 0.99 Å), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations indicated more persistent binding of sulfanilamide at the active site."

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High-Performance NIR-II Sn-Based Perovskite LEDs Enabled by the Functionalization of Sulfaguanidine. (PubMed, Adv Mater) - "Moreover, the SG molecules significantly improved the morphological uniformity and regulated the carrier injection balance, resulting in more balanced carrier injection that enhanced the effective radiation recombination rate. Consequently, the optimized CsSnI3-SG PeLEDs achieved a breakthrough external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 8.1%, which is the highest efficiency reported for CsSnI3-based PeLEDs to date."

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Using polyethyleneimine and carbon dots, a simple hydrophilic silica stationary phase was prepared for the separation of polar compounds. (PubMed, J Chromatogr A) - "Notably, the column efficiency for Sulfaguanidine reached 84,686 theoretical plates per meter, with an average column efficiency of 49,789 plates per meter, significantly outperforming commercial NH₂-functionalized columns, bare silica gel columns, and single PEI-modified columns. This strategy employs inexpensive raw materials and a straightforward, environmentally friendly process, providing a novel universal platform for high-throughput, highly selective, and highly reproducible HILIC analysis of polar small molecules. It also possesses direct potential for commercial scale-up."

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Direct oxidation of sulfonamides on carbon anode surface at low current density: Effect of R substituents and adsorption ability. (PubMed, J Hazard Mater) - "At j = 1.67 mA/cm2, degradation efficiency of sulfathiazole, sulfadiazine, sulfisoxazole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine, and sulfamethazine reached 100, 90.1, 81.6, 92.8, 84.2, and 90.8 % at CC, and 100, 81.5, 54.2, 79.3, 83.2 and 79.1 % at GP, respectively...Sulfaguanidine, without heterocycle in R substituent, was more refractory to degrade at CC and GP surface even at higher j. The quenching experiments and DFT calculation disclosed that direct electron transfer (DET) process took a fundamental role on SAs decomposition. The surface sorbed [•OH] was responsible for mineralization of SAs. The two anodes can efficiently degraded sulfathiazole in different high-salinity wastewater samples at low j. Low-energy consumption and excellent mineralization efficiency endowed CC and GP with promising application for electrochemical oxidation of SAs from wastewater."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Balancing Disparate Crystallization Kinetics in Sn-Pb Perovskites Using a Sulfaguanidine Additive for High-Performance Solar Cells. (PubMed, J Phys Chem Lett) - "Consequently, SG-modified inverted devices achieve a champion efficiency of 22.24% (vs 19.75% control) with improved stability. This work presents an effective coordination-driven strategy for kinetic harmonization, overcoming a key bottleneck and advancing efficient, stable Sn-Pb photovoltaics."

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Spectrophotofluorometric assay of Sulfaguanidine in Milk whey. (PubMed, Food Chem) - "Analytic emission (348, 430 and 700 nm) and absorption (259, 435 and 590 nm) wavelengths were used. The concentration for detecting sulfaguanidine in whey was 5 × 10-7 M (0.01 mg/mL) which is an order of magnitude lower the limit of spectrophotometric method."

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Fluorescence spectroscopy as an indicator tool for pharmaceutical contamination in groundwater and surface water. (PubMed, Chemosphere) - "We show that three abundant contaminants (sulfanilamide, sulfaguanidine, and sulfanilic acid) emit very strong, but highly similar fluorescence distinct from the naturally occurring organic matter...The high similarity between investigated fluorescent contaminants poses a significant challenge for machine learning approaches that are commonly used to increase sensitivity and selectivity. Nonetheless, the results demonstrate how fluorescence spectroscopy can be applied as a viable indicator and classification tool to identify pharmaceutical contamination in groundwater, as well as surface waters."

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The role of the sulfaguanidine molecular scaffold in drug design and development. (PubMed, Arch Pharm (Weinheim)) - "A number of the prepared compounds displayed promising results that merit further investigations for the development of new medications. This review summarizes the different chemical strategies and the reported activities for sulfaguanidine-linked synthetic molecules throughout 2020-2024."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Oncology • Parkinson's Disease

New insight into linear substituents influencing electrooxidation treatment of sulfonamide antibiotics: Linking kinetics, pathways, toxicity, and active species with density functional theory. (PubMed, Environ Res) - "Using sulfacetamide (SAM) and sulfaguanidine (SGD) as model compounds, we assessed the impact of these substituents on degradation efficiency, active species identification, reaction pathways, and intermediate toxicity during electrooxidation in water...Seventeen intermediate products and three major transformation pathways were identified, emphasizing aniline group destruction before discharge. This research enhances understanding of the degradation and environmental fate of sulfonamides, providing valuable insights for optimizing pollutant degradation and discharge reduction."

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Synthesis and carbonic anhydrase I, II, IX, and XII inhibition studies with a series of cyclic sulfonyl guanidines. (PubMed, ChemMedChem) - "The compounds reported here were generally inactive against both off-target isoforms (KI > 100 µM), while all of them moderately inhibited both target isoforms hCA IX and XII in the submicromolar to micromolar ranges in which KI values spanned from 0.57 to 8.4 μM against hCA IX and from 0.34 to 9.7 against hCA XII. Due to the notable selectivity of the title compounds toward isoforms hCA IX and XII, they can be considered as useful scaffolds for further chemical optimization to develop new highly selective antitumor agents."

Journal • Oncology

Isolation of aptamers with excellent cross-reactivity and specificity to sulfonamides towards a ratiometric fluorescent aptasensor for the detection of nine sulfonamides in seafood. (PubMed, Talanta) - "By using the mixture of Sul-01 and Sul-04 as bio-receptor, a ratiometric fluorescent aptasensor was created for the quick detection of nine SAs including sulfamethoxydiazine (SMD), sulfapyridine (SPD), sulfaquinoxaline (SQ), sulfathiazole (ST), sulfamonomethoxine (SMM), sulfamerazine (SMR), sulfaguanidine (SG), sulfamethazine (SMZ) and sulfadiazine (SD) with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.10-0.50 μM, or total of above nine SAs with a LOD of 0.20 μM. The fluorescent aptasensor was successfully applied to detect each or total of SMD, SPD, SQ, ST, SMM, SMR, SG, SMZ and SD in fish samples with a recovery of 83 %-92 % and a relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 5) < 5 %. This study not only provided several promising bio-receptors for the development of diverse high-throughput aptasensors to achieve the quick screening of multiple SAs residues, but also provided a simple, stable and sensitive method for the quick screening of SMD,..."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Flavone Cocrystals: A Comprehensive Approach Integrating Experimental and Virtual Methods. (PubMed, Cryst Growth Des) - "The dapsone/flavone cocrystal system served as a benchmark for both experimental and virtual screening methods. For sulfaguanidine, the potential to form strong API···API and API···coformer interactions in the cocrystal is a contributing factor. Furthermore, flavone was found to be trimorphic."

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Novel synthesis of new triazine sulfonamides with antitumor, anti-microbial and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities. (PubMed, BMC Chem) - "Novel approach for synthesizing triazine sulfonamide derivatives is accomplished via reacting the sulfaguanidine derivatives with N-cyanodithioiminocarbonate. Compound 3a demonstrated potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 with IC50 = 2.378 µM as compared to the activity of the antiviral drug remdesivir (IC50 = 10.11 µM). Our results indicate that, upon optimization, these new triazine sulfonamides could potentially serve as novel antiviral drugs."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Oncology • Respiratory Diseases

The Conversion and Degradation of Sulphaguanidine under UV and Electron Beam Irradiation Using Fluorescence. (PubMed, J Fluoresc) - "At the same time, the formation of sulfaguanidine transformation products was minimal compared to UV irradiation. The effect of UV irradiation and a powerful e-beam on the decomposition mechanisms of sulfaguanidine are significantly different, which is manifested in various changes in the absorption and fluorescence spectra."

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Antimicrobial Evaluation of Sulfonamides after Coupling with Thienopyrimidine Coplanar Structure. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "Compound 12ii, the cyclohexathienopyrimidine coupled with sulfadiazine at position 3, has the best antibacterial activity, which is consistent with molecular docking results at the active site of the oxidoreductase protein. Interestingly, compound 12ii also has the highest docking binding energy at the antifungal squalene epoxidase active site. Investigating the physicochemical properties of the synthesized hybrids revealed their high tolerability with cell membranes, and moderate to poor oral bioavailability, and that all are drug-like candidates, among which 4i, the cyclohexathieno[2,3-d] pyrimidine core with sulphaguanidine incorporated at position 4, recorded the best score (1.58)."

Journal • DHFR

Comprehensive Insights into Sulfaguanidine in the Solid State: An Experimental and Computational Study. (PubMed, Cryst Growth Des) - "The anhydrate and monohydrate crystal structure prediction studies reveal that the computed lowest-energy structures correspond to experimentally observed forms and propose models for the elusive AH-IV structure. Overall, the exploration of SGD's solid-state landscape confirms a rich array of highly stable H-bonding motifs and packing arrangements, positioning this study as an ideal model for complex solid-state systems and shedding light on its intricate solid-state nature."

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Exploring the Potential of New Benzamide-Acetamide Pharmacophore Containing Sulfonamide as Urease Inhibitors: Structure-Activity Relationship, Kinetics Mechanism, and In Silico Studies. (PubMed, ACS Omega) - "Diclofenac conjugated with sulfathiazole (6), sulfamerazine (8), and sulfaguanidine (11), while mefenamic acid conjugated with sulfisoxazole (13), sulfathiazole (14), and sulfadiazine (15) exhibited a mixed mode of urease inhibition. Sulfonamides and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can interact hydrophobically with the active site of the urease enzyme, which may disturb its structure and catalytic activity. Therefore, these conjugates may be helpful in the development of novel pharmacological agents for the treatment of a variety of illnesses in which the urease enzyme is involved."

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Green synthesis, anti-proliferative evaluation, docking, and MD simulations studies of novel 2-piperazinyl quinoxaline derivatives using hercynite sulfaguanidine-SA as a highly efficient and reusable nanocatalyst. (PubMed, RSC Adv) - "In this study, the immobilization of sulfaguanidine-SA on the surface of FeAlO (hercynite) MNPs (magnetic nanoparticles) as a novel acid nanocatalyst has been successfully reported for the synthesis of 2-(piperazin-1-yl) quinoxaline derivatives via a one-pot multiple-component reaction under green conditions. Molecular docking and dynamics simulation suggest that these hybrid compounds can be wrapped in the catalytic cavity of c-Kit tyrosine kinase receptor and the binding pocket of P-glycoprotein with high scores. Thus, 2-piperazinyl quinoxaline linked isatin-based N-Mannich bases of metformin and/or thio/semicarbazones might be served as suitable candidates for further investigations to develop a new generation of multi-target cancer chemotherapy agents."

Journal • Colon Cancer • Oncology • KIT • NTRK

Exploring the potential of propanamide-sulfonamide based drug conjugates as dual inhibitors of urease and cyclooxygenase-2: biological and their in silico studies. (PubMed, Front Chem) - "Naproxen conjugated with sulfanilamide, sulfathiazole, and sulfaguanidine was found potent and showed a competitive mode of urease inhibition, with IC (µM) values 6.69 ± 0.11, 5.82 ± 0.28, 5.06 ± 0.29, respectively. When compared to other screened conjugates, the naproxen-sulfamethoxazole conjugation showed better anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting induced edema by 82.8%, which is comparable to the medication indomethacin (86.8% inhibition). Whereas it exhibited 75.4% inhibition of COX-2 at 10 µM concentration which is comparable with the reference drug (celecoxib, 77.1% inhibition). Moreover, the binding modes of competitive inhibitors with the urease and COX-2 receptor were predicted through molecular docking studies and their stability analysis through MD simulations showed that these compounds made stable complexes with the respective targets and there were no conformational changes that occurred during simulation. The obtained..."

Journal • Inflammation

Synthesis and characterization of novel 1,3-diaryltriazene-substituted sulfaguanidine derivatives as selective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Biological evaluation, in silico ADME/T and molecular docking study. (PubMed, Chem Biodivers) - "Sulfonamide compounds known as human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) inhibitors are used in the treatment of many diseases such as epilepsy, antibacterial glaucoma, various diseases. All the series of synthesized compounds have been identified as potential hCA isoenzymes inhibitory with KI values in the range of 6.44 ± 0.74-86.85 ± 7.01 nM for hCA I and with KI values in the range of 8.16 ± 0.40-77.29 ± 9.56 nM for hCA II. Moreover, the new series of compounds showed a more effective inhibition effect than the acetazolamide used as a reference. In conclusion, compounds with varying degrees of affinity for hCA isoenzymes have been designed and as selective hCA inhibitors, the compounds may be potential alternative agents that can be used to treat or prevent diseases associated with glaucoma and hCA inhibition."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Glaucoma • Ophthalmology

ZnO and Au nanoparticles supported highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer for sulfaguanidine and sulfamerazine detection. (PubMed, J Pharm Biomed Anal) - "The developed MIP sensor with Au nanoparticles showed a detection limit of 0.030 µmol L and 0.046 µmol L for SGN and SMR, respectively, with excellent selectivity in the presence of interferents. The sensor was successfully used for SGN and SMR analysis in human fluids, including blood serum and urine, with excellent stability and reproducibility."

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Nature of Luminescence and Pharmacological Activity of Sulfaguanidine. (PubMed, Molecules) - "Chromophore groups were identified in molecules, which determine the intermolecular interaction between a molecule and a proton-donor solvent. The study also revealed the impact of sulfone and guanidine groups, as well as complexation, on the effective charge of the antibiotic fragment responsible for physiological activity and luminescent ability."

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Monitoring of trace aquatic sulfonamides through hollow zinc-nitrogen-carbon electrocatalysts anchored on MXene architectures. (PubMed, Food Chem) - "Zn@HNCPs achieved efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of sulfaguanidine (SG) and phthalyl sulfacetamide (PSA) sulfonamides through the high intrinsic catalytic activity of the Zn-N sites and excellent diffusion from the hollow porous nanostructures...Moreover, these electrocatalysts show promise for the quantification of SG and PSA in aquatic products. Our insights and findings can serve as guidelines for the development of highly active electrocatalysts for application in next-generation food analysis sensors."

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