JYNNEOS (live modified vaccinia virus ankara) / Bavarian Nordic - LARVOL DELTA

Safety of MVA-BN vaccine in health-care personnel in DR Congo: a prospective cohort study. (PubMed, Lancet Infect Dis) - P3 | "This study adds to the growing body of literature on the safety of MVA-BN in different populations. Although limited by incomplete grading of specific adverse events, low numbers of pregnant participants, and differences in health-care access and infrastructure, the data from this cohort in DR Congo do show good safety outcomes for up to 2 years with both liquid and lyophilised vaccine formulations. Because MVA-BN vaccination campaigns are crucial to clade I and clade II mpox outbreak responses, the data from this study supporting safety of MVA-BN in this population are key to build vaccine confidence."

Journal

Immunogenicity and safety of MVA-BN vaccine administered 5 years after a two-dose primary series in DR Congo: a prospective cohort study. (PubMed, Lancet Infect Dis) - "These data show that primary MVA-BN vaccination induces sustained immunological memory up to 5 years after vaccination and that a booster dose strongly enhances circulating antibody levels and durability. Future studies should clarify the role of circulating antibody concentrations as a correlate of protection from monkeypox virus infection."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Maternal and Pediatric Use of Vaccines for Mpox: A Living Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Safety and Effectiveness. (PubMed, Drug Saf) - "Vaccinia-based vaccines appear generally safe in pregnancy and children. However, evidence on the safety and effectiveness of third-generation mpox vaccines is still scarce. High-quality prospective studies and strengthened pharmacovigilance are urgently needed to inform policy and clinical decision making."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics

Insights into Monkeypox Virus: Host Immunity, Viral Immune Evasion, Recent Advances in Vaccines, Therapeutic Development, and Future Perspectives. (PubMed, Microorganisms) - "Alternative drugs like tecovirimat and brincidofovir have demonstrated potential for treating smallpox, but there is scanty evidence on their efficacy against MPXV. Most recent advancements in the study of vaccines have resulted in the creation and introduction of MVA-BN (JYNNEOS/Imvanex/Imvamune) and ACAM2000 vaccines, which conferred cross-protection against MPXV...The discovery of novel vaccine candidates and antiviral treatments will be needed to prevent future outbreaks and reduce the global health burden of Mpox. This review focuses on the characterization of MPXV, summarizing current knowledge on its genomic structure, pathogenesis, replication, potential targets of anti-MPXV drugs, clinical features, and epidemiological patterns, along with recent advances in vaccine development."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease

From Surge to Stability: Navigating MPOX Epidemics Across the Globe With Genomic Insights, Paving the Way for Effective Management Plan. (PubMed, Rev Med Virol) - "Treatments include antiviral agents such as tecovirimat, bocindofovir and cidofovir in addition to standard supportive therapy for severe cases or immunocompromised patients. Vaccines such as ACAM2000, JYNNEOS and LC16m8 are available, although they are linked with some risks such as myopericarditis in certain patients. Ongoing global spread and virus mutations highlight the urgent need to accelerate research focused on early MPOX detection, novel treatment options and prevention in order to properly handle potential long-term challenges such as drug-resistant strains and future outbreaks. Prioritising the development of targeted, efficient, and less resistance-prone anti-MPOX medicines and rapid response systems for effective MPOX management."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Musculoskeletal Pain • Pain

Outreach mpox vaccination at sex-on-premises venues in Sydney: an audit of a collaborative intervention by public health nurses and LGBTQI+ peer workers. (PubMed, BMC Public Health) - "Mpox outreach vaccination done in collaboration between nurses and LGBTQI+ peer-workers at SOPVs proved feasible, acceptable, and beneficial in terms of reaching people who may be out of area and not routinely engaged with sexual health services. Models of care that circumnavigate traditional geographic and local health service barriers should be considered during outbreaks, particularly those that build on established rapport within the communities at risk, such as MSM."

Journal • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Robust Adaptive Immunity to MPXV in Older People Who Received Childhood Vaccinia Vaccination. (PubMed, Biology (Basel)) - "Responses were also obtained from younger, recently MVA-BN-vaccinated and unvaccinated control donors...These findings demonstrate that childhood vaccinia vaccination induces durable humoral and cellular immunity against MPXV persisting for over seven decades. Historical smallpox vaccination status may therefore remain a relevant determinant of protection against Mpox."

Journal • Infectious Disease • IFNG

Persistent Immunity From Historic Smallpox Vaccination and Its Limited Cross-Neutralization of Monkeypox Virus: A Population-based Serological Study in Taiwan. (PubMed, Open Forum Infect Dis) - "MVA-BN boosted orthopoxvirus immunity; however, it may be limited in MPXV neutralization in vaccine-naïve populations. These findings offer useful insights for future mpox vaccination strategies and public health planning in regions with varying smallpox vaccination histories."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Monkey pox (Mpox): pathogenesis, genetic shifts, vaccination strategies and clinical insights. (PubMed, Arch Microbiol) - "Third-generation vaccines such as MVA-BN/JYNNEOS, are showing good safety profiles, moderate to high efficacy in comparison to older vaccines like the ACAM2000, with other platforms being under clinical development. Knowledge of clade-specific viral evolution, immune resistance and vaccine efficacy is crucial to the optimization of vaccination response, the prioritization of susceptible population, and preparedness to future outbreaks of ortho poxvirus."

Journal • Preclinical • Review • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Understanding Monkeypox Virus Evolution, Host-Pathogen Interactions, and Therapeutic Advances. (PubMed, Rev Med Virol) - "In addition, we discuss recent advancements in the development of prophylactic vaccine for Mpox, including ACAM2000, LC16m8, JYNNEOS (MVA), and others. Future research directions include exploiting the conserved Mpox antigens to develop safer and more broadly protective vaccines. There is also an urgent need for international collaborations in surveillance, rapid response systems and comprehensive OMICS studies for understanding the viral evolution and mutations, which will greatly aid vaccine design and therapeutic strategies to combat Mpox."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease • Pain

A humoral dilemma: reassessing monkeypox virus neutralizing antibodies at more than two years from Mpox or MVA-BN vaccination. (PubMed, J Infect Dis) - "MPXV-specific NAbs waned at >2 years from previous infection or vaccination, often becoming undetectable. Higher NAb titers at six months (univariate) and prior smallpox vaccination (multivariate) were associated with NAb detection at >2 years, whilst previous Mpox was marginally associated."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Mpox: Exploring Epidemiology, Disease Outcomes, and Preventative Vaccination Among People with HIV During the Ongoing Outbreaks. (PubMed, Viruses) - "We aim to provide healthcare providers, community stakeholders, and researchers with a foundational understanding of mpox in PWH and the role of MVA-BN in mpox prevention among this group, while highlighting areas of uncertainty. These insights may be helpful in the planning of future research and to inform strategies for the prevention and management of mpox among PWH, particularly those with advanced or uncontrolled HIV."

Journal • Review • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pain

Differentiating mpox infection and vaccination using a validated multiplex orthopoxvirus IgG serology assay. (PubMed, J Clin Microbiol) - "Intriguingly, we found that antibody level ratios between certain MPXV and VACV orthologs could distinguish prior mpox infection from vaccinia vaccination. Overall, these data highlight the use of multi-antigen panels in challenging scenarios for serological testing, such as the cross-reactivity presented by orthopoxviruses."

Journal • Infectious Disease

A Multisectoral Study of Mpox Epidemiology, Resistance Surveillance, and Policy Gaps: Toward a One Health Framework. (PubMed, Clin Rev Allergy Immunol) - "Next, we discussed different treatment alternatives for Mpox, such as Tecovirimat and JYNNEOS vaccination, diagnostic techniques including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serological tests, and new point-of-care diagnostics based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). Then, we highlighted the public health challenges of Mpox, including misdiagnosis, healthcare disparities, and the impact on immunosuppressed populations, particularly HIV-positive individuals. Finally, this study discussed the socioeconomic implications of Mpox outbreaks, emphasizing the need for global collaboration, enhanced surveillance, and robust vaccination programs to minimize future outbreaks."

Journal • Review • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease

Pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles and neutralizing antibodies in JYNNEOS-vaccinated and mpox-diagnosed individuals. (PubMed, NPJ Vaccines) - "A significant increase in the levels of cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 was detected at D30 in naive-vaccinated individuals. These findings enhance our understanding of the immunogenicity and protective mechanisms induced by JYNNEOS vaccination and highlight a previously unreported pro-inflammatory response as part of the immune repertoire triggered post-vaccination."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • CXCL8 • IL6

POX-MVA-045: Open-label, Multicenter Immunogenicity and Safety Study of MVA-BN Vaccine in Children From 2 Years to Less Than 12 Years of Age Compared to Adults for the Prevention of Smallpox, Mpox, and Related Orthopoxvirus Infections (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=460 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Bavarian Nordic | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2025 ➔ May 2026

Enrollment closed • Trial primary completion date • Infectious Disease

Differentiating Mpox Infection and Vaccination Using a Validated Multiplex Orthopoxvirus IgG Serology Assay. (PubMed, medRxiv) - "Intriguingly, we found that antibody level ratios between certain MPXV and VACV orthologs could distinguish prior mpox infection from vaccinia vaccination. Overall, these data highlight the use of multi-antigen panels in challenging scenarios for serological testing such as the cross-reactivity presented by orthopoxviruses."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Disseminated Mpox Infection in a Vaccinated Kidney Transplant Recipient (KIDNEY WEEK 2025) - "He was on a belatacept-based immunosuppressive regimen and has received Jynneos approximately two years prior to symptom onset...Given the severity of his lesions, he was treated with IV tecovirimat, vaccinia immune globulin (VIVIg), brincidofovir and topical cidofovir...Additional studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of these vaccines in immunocompromised patients. Figure 1: Perioral lesions before treatment (A) and after treatment ~2 months later (B), abdomen (C), right hand (D), and back lesions with typical desquamation (E)"

Clinical • Chronic Kidney Disease • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Renal Disease • Transplantation

Long-term consequences of monkeypox virus infection or modified vaccinia virus Ankara vaccination in Belgium (MPX-COHORT and POQS-FU-PLUS): a 24-month prospective and retrospective cohort study. (PubMed, Lancet Infect Dis) - "Individuals previously infected with MPXV show strong and durable immunological memory lasting up to 2 years after infection, in contrast to the less robust and shorter-lived response observed after MVA-BN vaccination. These findings suggest that MPXV infection confers long-term protection against reinfection, whereas vaccine-induced immunity can wane over time and requires boosting. Further studies are needed to determine whether booster doses can enhance the durability of immunological memory in previously vaccinated individuals. Should booster vaccination prove beneficial, targeted revaccination campaigns will be necessary to maintain population-level protection."

Journal • Retrospective data • Infectious Disease

Re-emergence and clinical management of monkeypox: insights into viral biology, therapeutics, and vaccination. (PubMed, Mol Biol Rep) - "Antiviral therapies such as tecovirimat (TPOXX), cidofovir, and brincidofovir are under consideration, with tecovirimat showing the most clinical promise...Currently approved vaccines include ACAM2000, LC16 KMB, and JYNNEOS (MVA-BN), with JYNNEOS preferred due to its safety profile, especially for immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women. Preventive strategies, public education, and international surveillance are essential to mitigate further outbreaks. Understanding the biology, clinical behavior, and control measures of Mpox is critical for informing future responses and improving global preparedness."

Journal • Review • Fatigue • Infectious Disease • Musculoskeletal Pain • Pain

Mpox-specific cellular and humoral immunity in mpox survivors living with HIV. (PubMed, Cell Rep) - "These data demonstrate that PLWH generate functional cellular and humoral immunity to MPXV post-mpox. Despite their immunocompromised state, mpox survivors with HIV are expected to have some protection against future MPXV exposures."

Journal • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CD4 • CD8 • IFNG • IL2 • TNFA

Emerging threats of monkeypox virus in 2024: current insights and future directions. (PubMed, Future Sci OA) - "The study synthesizes current evidence on the virus's evolving epidemiology, diagnostic advances such as CRISPR and PCR techniques, and progress in vaccine development, focusing on JYNNEOS and ACAM2000...Our findings underscore the importance of sustained genomic surveillance, integrative One Health strategies that unite human, animal, and environmental health data, and robust global collaboration. Addressing these gaps is vital for curbing monkeypox and preparing for future zoonotic threats."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease

Comparability Trial of the MVA-BN Vaccine Manufactured in Different Production Cells (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=744 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Bavarian Nordic | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting

Enrollment open • Infectious Disease

Comparison of ELISA with the Multiplex Fluorescent Microsphere Assay for Anti-Orthopoxvirus IgG detection (ASTMH 2025) - "We evaluated this multiplex assay by testing 494 samples collected from various regions of the world, including those from Clade I or Clade II MPXV-infected persons, and from individuals who received smallpox (Dryvax and ACAM2000) or mpox (JYNNEOS) vaccination, for the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to 7 different antigens...We analyzed the IgG reactivity profiles to different antigens and found them to be unique for individuals and groups. This multiplex profiling offers significant benefits over current ELISA-based assays for serosurveillance and immunoprobing for vaccines and infections."

Late-breaking abstract • Infectious Disease

Presence and Persistence of Monkeypox Virus DNA in Anatomic Sites and Body Fluids (ASTMH 2025) - "Fifty-three percent had received at least one dose of JYNNEOS vaccine and 40% received treatment with tecovirimat...Patients with mpox may shed virus in oral and rectal mucosa, saliva, and urine, although skin lesions appear to be the most persistent site of viral shedding. Severe immunosuppression may lead to significantly prolonged viral shedding from multiple sites and body fluids, though the frequency with which this occurs is unknown."

Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CD4