5-fluorouracil / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Case Report WIN-MTB-2023001 WIN International Molecular Tumor Board A 62-year-old male with metastatic colorectal cancer with 5 prior lines of treatment. (PubMed, Oncotarget) - "We present a 62-year-old male with mCRC harboring BRAF, MET, APC, TP53 and NRAS alterations, following FOLFOX and FOLFIRI, dabrafenib plus panitumumab, and a BRAF inhibitor clinical trial, each leading to initial responses followed by disease progression...Personalized combinations suggested included amivantamab-vmjw (anti-MET/EGFR antibody) (one-third standard dose) (for MET amplification and due to prior response to anti-EGFR antibody), trametinib, 1 mg po daily (MEK inhibitor for BRAF V600E mutation), and regorafenib (may have WNT inhibitor activity relevant to APC mutation; VEGFR activity relevant since TP53 alterations upregulate VEGF/VEGFR axis) starting at 40 mg po daily three weeks on, one week off. Another option was trametinib at 1 mg daily, cetuximab (EGFR antibody), 250 mg/m² IV every two-weeks, and cabozantinib (MET and VEGFR inhibitor), 40 mg po daily. FOLFOXFIRI combined with bevacizumab, or liver-directed therapies for hepatic metastases, or..."

Biomarker • Journal • Colorectal Cancer • Hepatocellular Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • APC • NRAS • TP53

Predictive effect and clinical diagnosis significance of exosome-related genes for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-related hepatocellular carcinoma. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "Furthermore, patients in the high-risk group were more sensitive to chemotherapy drugs such as 5-Fluorouracil, Leflunomide, Cisplatin, ML323, Dabrafenib, Palbociclib, Irinotecan, Ribociclib and Nilotinib. In summary, our study clarified the predictive effect and clinical diagnosis significance of exosome-related genes in the development of NAFLD-related HCC and provided new directions for the prognosis of NAFLD-related HCC patients."

Biomarker • IO biomarker • Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Hepatocellular Cancer • Hepatology • Metabolic Disorders • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease • Oncology • Solid Tumor • CD4 • PD-1 • PD-L1 • PD-L2 • VAMP5

Real-world outcomes of second-line chemotherapy in biliary tract cancer following chemo-immunotherapy: Insights from a single Italian institute (ESMO-GI 2025) - "Second-line treatment remains a subject of ongoing debate, with chemotherapy regimens like FOLFOX being the standard of care for patients without molecular drivers. This study reports the experience of a single institute using FOLFOX as second-line treatment after progression on first-line chemo-immunotherapy (Cisplatin, Gemcitabine, and Durvalumab: C/G+Durva)...At the data cut-off, 35 patients (68.6%) had discontinued first-line treatment; of these, 10 patients (28.6%) received active second-line systemic anticancer treatment, including mFOLFOX, FOLFIRI, and capecitabine. After excluding one patient with a BRAF V600E mutation treated with second-line dabrafenib/trametinib... Our real-world data suggest that FOLFOX should be considered the standard second-line chemotherapy treatment for BTC also after progression on C/G+ Durva, supporting the findings of the ABC-06 trial that investigated folfox following Cis-Gem previous standard first line."

Clinical • IO biomarker • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Biliary Cancer • Biliary Tract Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • BRAF

Ablating UNG activity in a mouse model inhibits colorectal cancer growth by increasing tumor immunogenicity. (PubMed, JCI Insight) - "Uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) excises uracil and 5-fluorouracil bases from DNA and is implicated in fluorodeoxyuridine (FdU) resistance...Cytotoxic T cell depletion abolished the benefits of UNG depletion in both models. These findings suggest UNG inhibition and/or depletion could enhance antitumor immune response in humans."

Journal • Preclinical • Colorectal Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • CD4 • CD8 • UNG

Efficacy and Safety of Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy Combined with Donafenib and Camrelizumab in the Treatment of Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective, Single-Arm Study. (PubMed, J Hepatocell Carcinoma) - "To evaluate the efficacy and safety of hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFOX-HAIC) combined with donafenib and camrelizumab in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). Grade 3 or higher TRAEs were observed in 61.2% of patients. For patients with uHCC, the combination therapy of FOLFOX-HAIC with donafenib and camrelizumab demonstrates favorable efficacy and manageable adverse events."

Journal • Retrospective data • Hepatocellular Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Cadonilimab combined with trastuzumab and chemotherapy for HER2-positive gastric cancer with bone marrow metastasis and DIC: a case report and literature review. (PubMed, Front Immunol) - "Given her ECOG performance status of 2, initial therapy consisted of trastuzumab combined with docetaxel and fluorouracil, alongside supportive care...Treatment was then escalated to a combination of cadonilimab, trastuzumab, and FLOT (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, docetaxel)...This case demonstrates that intensive anti-tumor therapy combining HER-2-targeted agents, ICIs, and chemotherapy, alongside supportive care, can prolong survival and improve life quality in GC patients with BMM and DIC. Hematologic toxicities were the main adverse events but were tolerable, supporting the regimen's feasibility and safety."

IO biomarker • Journal • Review • Allergy • Gastric Adenocarcinoma • Gastric Cancer • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Oncology • Pain • Solid Tumor • HER-2 • PD-L1

Biogenic α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles from Sorghum bicolor leaf extracts and assessment of the anticancer and antioxidant properties. (PubMed, Discov Nano) - "Although the α-Fe2O3 NPs exhibited lower potency compared to the standard chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil, their concentration-dependent reduction in cell viability supports the hypothesis that cancer cells are particularly vulnerable to disruptions in iron homeostasis. This cost-effective and eco-friendly synthesis method underscores the potential of Sorghum bicolor-mediated α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles for future biomedical applications."

Journal • Oncology

Patient-derived gastric cancer organoids model heterogeneity and stroma-mediated chemoresistance in poorly cohesive carcinoma. (PubMed, Front Mol Biosci) - "PCC organoids showed heightened sensitivity to docetaxel with lower IC50, but no significant differences were observed for 5-FU, oxaliplatin, or irinotecan...Patient-derived GC organoids especially PCC subtypes reliably recapitulate the complexity of solid-tumors heterogeneity, predict drug responses, and elucidate stromal contributions to therapy resistance. This model could be used to develop tailoring treatments and improve personalization of therapy for clinical management of PCC."

Heterogeneity • Journal • Gastric Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • CAFs

BDH2 promotes GLIPR1 promoter methylation and thus increases 5-FU sensitivity in colorectal cancer. (PubMed, Biochem Pharmacol) - "5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an effective drug in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the development of acquired resistance to 5-FU poses a great challenge in clinical practice...High expression of GLIPR1 reduces 5-FU sensitivity in 5-FU-resistant CRC cell lines, which abolished the impact of BDH2 expression. These results suggest that BDH2 inhibits GLIPR1 expression by increasing GLIPR1 promoter methylation, thereby enhancing 5-FU sensitivity of 5-FU-resistant CRC cell lines and inhibiting CRC progression."

Journal • Colorectal Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Unrecognized mutations in DPYD* 2 A wild-type rectal cancer patients receiving postoperative 5-FU-based chemotherapy - do they have a clinical impact? (PubMed, Cancer Chemother Pharmacol) - "DPYD genotyping revealed a het_HapB3 variant in 11.6% of DPYD*2A-WT patients treated with FOLFOX. While not linked to increased toxicity, HapB3 status was associated with reduced DFS, suggesting an impact on treatment efficacy. These results support DPYD genotyping and highlight the need for adequate 5-FU plasma level assessment followed by subtile dose escalation (therapeutic drug monitoring) to personalize 5-FU dosing more precisely, safely and most effective."

Journal • Colorectal Cancer • Oncology • Rectal Cancer • Solid Tumor • DPYD

The antitumor mechanism of glycyrrhetinic acid and its applications in cancer treatment. (PubMed, Med Oncol) - "Furthermore, the combined use of GA with other drugs (such as doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil) demonstrates synergistic anticancer effects, enhancing efficacy while reducing adverse reactions. Despite the promising findings, future research should focus on addressing the challenges of GA's relatively low bioavailability and exploring its long-term clinical effects. In addition, further investigation into the synergistic potential of GA with emerging therapeutic strategies, such as immunotherapy and gene therapy, is warranted to fully harness its therapeutic benefits and advance cancer treatment options."

Journal • Review • Breast Cancer • Gene Therapies • Oncology • Solid Tumor • TGFB1

Dexamethasone, celecoxib, and simvastatin-induced 5-fluorouracil resistance in cancer cells: a possible role of lipid droplet accumulation. (PubMed, Discov Oncol) - "The findings highlight that DEX, CXB, and SMV enhance 5-FU resistance by increasing LD accumulation, highlighting a critical, previously overlooked metabolic factor that may impact clinical treatment strategies and patient outcomes. If similar effects occur in clinical settings, the use of these drugs may need to be adjusted to avoid compromising cancer treatment efficacy. Further studies are warranted to evaluate this interaction and its implications in clinical practice."

Journal • Oncology

First-line encorafenib + cetuximab + mFOLFOX6 in BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (BREAKWATER): Progression-free survival and updated overall survival analyses. (BASCO-MN 2025) - No abstract available

Clinical • Late-breaking abstract • Metastases • Colorectal Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • BRAF

Event-free survival (EFS) in MATTERHORN: A randomized, phase 3 study of durvalumab plus 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin and docetaxel chemotherapy (FLOT) in resectable gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/GEJC). (BASCO-MN 2025) - No abstract available

Clinical • Late-breaking abstract • P3 data • Esophageal Cancer • Gastric Cancer • Gastroesophageal Cancer • Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Thalidomide Enhances Clinical Efficacy of Cetuximab Combined With Standard Chemotherapy for Left Colorectal Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=96 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Xinqiao Hospital of Chongqing | Trial completion date: Dec 2024 ➔ Dec 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2024 ➔ Dec 2025

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Colorectal Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • BRAF

Efficacy of Perioperative and Neoadjuvant Therapies in Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma: a Network Meta-Analysis. (PubMed, Oncologist) - "pFLOT demonstrated superior efficacy in resectable gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma, outperforming surgery alone, nCROSS, and alternative perioperative regimens. Additive role of immunotherapy requires further investigation to optimize patient selection and outcomes."

Journal • Retrospective data • Esophageal Cancer • Gastric Cancer • Gastroesophageal Cancer • Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor

RP-6306 in Patients With Advanced Cancer (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=28 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Canadian Cancer Trials Group | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting | N=78 ➔ 28

Enrollment change • Enrollment closed • Breast Cancer • Colorectal Cancer • Endometrial Cancer • Esophageal Cancer • Gastric Cancer • Lung Cancer • Non Small Cell Lung Cancer • Oncology • Ovarian Cancer • Triple Negative Breast Cancer • CCNE1 • HER-2 • KRAS • TP53 • UGT1A1

Comparison of 5-Fluorouracil/Leucovorin and Capecitabine as Adjuvant Therapies in Biliary Tract Cancer. (PubMed, J Gastroenterol Hepatol) - "In patients with curatively resected BTC, capecitabine demonstrated superior efficacy in prolonging overall survival, whereas FL had a more favorable safety profile with fewer adverse events."

Journal • Biliary Cancer • Biliary Tract Cancer • Cholangiocarcinoma • Dermatology • Hematological Disorders • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Thrombocytopenia

Long-Term Survival in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma with Metachronous Hepatic Metastases Using Multimodality Treatment Including Pegylated Liposomal Irinotecan and Capecitabine: A Case Report. (PubMed, Case Rep Oncol) - "Pegylated liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) in combination with fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) has achieved a median overall survival of 6.1 months in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who progressed on gemcitabine-based chemotherapy...Adjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFIRINOX (5-FU, LV, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin) was given for 9 cycles between September 2018 and January 2019, and the patient remained recurrence-free until a computed tomography scan revealed soft tissue mesenteric infiltrations in July 2020. First-line palliative chemotherapy with nab-paclitaxel + gemcitabine was initiated and continued until January 2022 when disease progression in the form of two metastatic hepatic lesions was observed...This patient achieved an extraordinary survival of 25 months with second-line treatment with nal-IRI + CAP. Nal-IRI-based therapy has the potential to provide long-term survival in the presence of favourable prognostic factors such as..."

Journal • Hepatocellular Cancer • Hepatology • Oncology • Pain • Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma • Pancreatic Cancer • Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Effects of apigenin, hesperidin and their combinations on different physiopathological pathways in 5-fluorouracil-induced pulmonary damage. (PubMed, Arch Physiol Biochem) - "Analyses showed that API and HES were effective in preventing oxidative stress induced by 5FU in lung tissue, attenuating inflammation and apoptosis by suppressing MAPK/NFκB and Caspase-3/Bax/Bcl-2 pathways, suppressing autophagy by decreasing LC3B expression, and regulating Sigmar1 expression. These results suggest that the two flavonoids, when administered separately or in combination, may be useful in reducing side effects that often occur during the use of chemotherapeutics."

IO biomarker • Journal • Oncology • BAX • BCL2 • CASP3 • SIGMAR1

Impact of perioperative fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel delivery on postoperative survival in locally advanced oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma. (PubMed, Gastric Cancer) - "Perioperative FLOT administration is recommended as the standard of care for LA-OGA. The survival impact of ACT might be influenced by pathological lymph node metastasis."

Journal • Esophageal Cancer • Gastric Adenocarcinoma • Gastric Cancer • Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor

A scientometric study on research trends and characteristics of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. (PubMed, J Dent Sci) - "Cancer surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, cisplatin, doxorubicin, neck dissection, and combined modality therapy were the main keywords of treatment. The trend of clinical study on cell differentiation, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil has changed to clinical trial, cohort analysis, diagnostic imaging, positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), intensity modulated radiation therapy, neck dissection, and surgical margin after 2015. The trend of laboratory investigation on cancer cell culture, cytology, protein S100, and flow cytometry has changed to epithelial mesenchymal transition, fluorescence in situ hybridization, gene fusion, microRNA, MYB, protein Myb, protein p63, and signal transduction after 2015. This study for the first time elucidated the current scenario and scientometric characteristics of SACC, and would help in improving in reciprocal collaboration and provide helpful guidance for further research."

Journal • Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma • Oncology • TP63

Capecitabine-Induced Leukoencephalopathy: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Capecitabine, an antineoplastic agent, is an orally active fluorinated pyrimidine that is metabolized to the active form, fluorouracil (FU), by the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase. Neurologic complications secondary to capecitabine are uncommon, especially leukoencephalopathy, which develops shortly after starting treatment, is quite rare. This report details a young man who developed this complication after receiving just the first cycle, and discontinuation of the causative agent led to clinical and radiological improvement."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Oncology

Integrative Multi-Omics Analysis and Experimental Validation Identify SPOP as a Prognostic Biomarker and Immune Regulator in Lung Adenocarcinoma. (PubMed, J Cancer) - "Drug sensitivity analysis suggested that low SPOP expression is linked to increased sensitivity to zibotentan and 5-fluorouracil. SPOP is a reliable independent prognostic biomarker in LUAD, influencing tumor progression, immune microenvironment, and therapeutic response. Our findings support the potential of SPOP as a novel therapeutic target for personalized treatment strategies in LUAD."

Biomarker • Journal • Immune Modulation • Immunology • Lung Adenocarcinoma • Lung Cancer • Non Small Cell Lung Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Targeted Protein Degradation • NANOG • PVR • SPOP

Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Plus Chemotherapy Versus Placebo Plus Chemotherapy in Participants With Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction (GEJ) Adenocarcinoma (MK-3475-585/KEYNOTE-585) (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=1007 | Completed | Sponsor: Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Esophageal Cancer • Gastric Cancer • Gastroesophageal Cancer • Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor