carbocisteine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Development and validation of a sensitive assay for analysis of D/L-serine in cells using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector. (PubMed, Talanta) - "Carbocisteine was selected as the internal standard...In short, we have established a simple, stable, reliable and robust method for the determination of D/L-serine in cells. In addition, the D/L-serine levels in different cells were quantified in this study, which can provide a reference for the study of D/L-serine metabolism in cells."

Journal

In vitro and in vivo effects of Carbocysteine on TSLP and oxidative stress (ERS 2025) - No abstract available

Oxidative stress • Preclinical • Respiratory Diseases • TSLP

Screening for Potential Compounds Using Drug-Repurposing of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). (PubMed, Trop Life Sci Res) - "The drugs were alitretinoin, salicylic acid and indinavir, respectively. Finally, ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity) predictions identify 4-androstenedione, tryptophan, carbocisteine and vitamin A as having minimal toxic effects. This study showed that alitretinoin, which was known to treat skin lesions from Kaposi's sarcoma, might have the ability to reverse the effect in ASD, particularly in NMDA receptors, potentially making a significant impact on the field of neurology and psychiatry."

Journal • Autism Spectrum Disorder • Genetic Disorders • Kaposi Sarcoma • Oncology • Psychiatry • Sarcoma • Solid Tumor • NRXN1

Effectiveness of mucoactives (carbocisteine and hypertonic saline) in addition to usual airway clearance management with usual airway clearance management alone in acute respiratory failure (MARCH): study protocol for a multi-centre 2x2 factorial, randomised, controlled, open-label, Phase 3, pragmatic, clinical and cost-effectiveness trial with internal pilot. (PubMed, NIHR Open Res) - "All participants will provide written, informed consent via either Personal or Professional Legal Representatives, and subsequently directly once capacity is regained. Main trial: ISRCTN17683568, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN17683568, 25 th November 2021Study Within A Trial: ISRCTN16675252, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN16675252, 3 rd November 2021EudraCT Number, 2021-003763-94."

HEOR • Journal • P3 data • Respiratory Diseases

Reducing unnecessary carbon in haemodialysis by reducing pharmaceutical waste in a dialysis unit (UKKW 2025) - "In April 2024, the nursing staff reviewed all medications that were discarded due to being over their expiry date. This included ten glucose 50% solution for infusion 50ml vials, 20 boxes containing ten vials each of Tinzaparin 7500 IU/0.3mls ampoules, four hydrocortisone 100mg powder for solution for injection vials, a box of carbocisteine 375mg capsules (120 capsules), ten ferric carboxymaltose 100mg/2ml solution for injection vials, a bottle of Gaviscon liquid and a box containing 10 ampoules of ondansetron 4mg/2ml solution for injection (Figure 1). The total financial impact of these discarded medications alone was measured at approximately £1,260 and 732 kgCO2e (Table 1)."

Treatment of Long Coronavirus Disease in Japan: A Nationwide Study of Symptom-Associated Drug Prescriptions. (PubMed, Biol Pharm Bull) - "Other frequently prescribed drugs included dextromethorphan, l-carbocisteine, and polaprezinc. Long COVID in Japan is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, leading to symptom-based drug prescriptions, particularly fatigue, respiratory issues, and taste disturbances. These findings offer insights into the pharmacological management of Long COVID in Japan, highlighting the need for further research on optimal treatments in the future."

Journal • Asthma • CNS Disorders • Fatigue • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Insomnia • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Disorder

Randomised Open Label Trial of Hypertonic Saline and Carbocisteine in Bronchiectasis (CLEAR) (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=288 | Completed | Sponsor: Belfast Health and Social Care Trust | Recruiting ➔ Completed

HEOR • Trial completion • Bronchiectasis • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Increased TSLP and oxidative stress reflect airway epithelium injury upon cigarette smoke exposure. Is there a role for carbocysteine? (PubMed, Toxicology) - "In conclusion, increased oxidative stress induced by smoke exposure in airway epithelium leads to increased TSLP production and carbocysteine in vitro and in vivo mitigates the induced TSLP production. Oxidative stress detection by electrochemical sensors can open new avenues for evaluating epithelial damage and for identifying patients eligible to alarmin targeted biologics."

Journal • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Inflammation • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • NOTCH1 • TSLP

Hyperforin-induced gut microbiota metabolite carbocysteine protects against depressive-like behaviors in mice by modulating the colonic mucus barrier. (PubMed, J Affect Disord) - "Our research highlights Hyperforin's role in modulating gut microbiota metabolism and identifies Carbocysteine as a potential antidepressant. These findings advance our understanding of the gut-brain axis (GBA) in depression and pave the way for developing new therapeutics."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Depression • Psychiatry

Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Carbocisteine in the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=46 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Tanta University | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting

Enrollment open • Hepatology • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease

Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Carbocisteine in the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=46 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Tanta University

New P2 trial • Hepatology • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease

Effect of Carbocysteine on Exacerbations and Lung Function in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Multicentre, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. (PubMed, Arch Bronconeumol) - P4 | "Our findings suggested that carbocysteine might not significantly reduce the annual rate of total exacerbations in patients with mild-to-moderate COPD. The findings may have been compromised by an overestimation of the efficacy of carbocysteine on reducing exacerbations in mild-to-moderate COPD and potential confounding by baseline imbalances. The efficacy on lung function could not be adequately evaluated. Clinical trial registered with Chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR1800016712)."

Journal • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Physiology and pathophysiology of mucus and mucolytic use in critically ill patients. (PubMed, Crit Care) - "Mucolytics, including hypertonic saline, dornase alfa/rhDNase, nebulised heparin, carbocisteine/N-Acetyl cysteine, are commonly used in critically ill patients. This review summarises the physiology and pathophysiology of mucus and the existing evidence for the use of mucolytics in critically ill patients and speculates on journey to individualised mucolytic therapy."

Journal • Review • Critical care • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

A New Fluorescence Probe for the Quantification of Acetylcysteine and Carbocisteine in Bulk and Spiked Urine: Greenness Appraisal by Exploiting Different GAC-Metric Strategies. (PubMed, Luminescence) - "The proposed spectrofluorometric platform was successfully applied to the analysis of ACT and CST in pharmaceutical dosage forms and spiked urine, within concentration ranges 0.25-2.25 and 0.25-2.50 μg/mL and LODs = 80.21 and 71.48 ng/mL, respectively. Finally, the greenness of the proposed protocol was evaluated employing GAPI, hexagon, and AGREE approaches."

Journal

Carbocysteine in Participants wtih Pre-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in China (CP-COPD): A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter clinical Trial (ChiCTR) - P4 | N=502 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University/Guangzhou National Laboratory; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical Univer

New P4 trial • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Evaluation of the Effect of Expectorants on Airway Microbiome Composition in Stable COPD Patients (ChiCTR) - P=N/A | N=150 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Ningbo First Hospital; Ningbo First Hospital

New trial • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • IL13 • IL4 • IL5 • IL6

Efficacy and safety of mucolytics in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed, Respir Investig) - "Mucolytics reduce exacerbations and hospitalizations in patients with stable COPD and have a safety profile comparable to that of placebo."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Safety profile of drugs used in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a narrative review. (PubMed, Ther Adv Drug Saf) - "Most of the drugs used in daily clinical practice for bronchiectasis are off-label with no randomised trials exploring their safety. This review aims at exploring the safety profile of drugs frequently used in clinical practice to manage bronchiectasis, including antibiotics (e.g. macrolides, aminoglycosides, polymyxins, fluoroquinolones, aztreonam), mucoactive therapy (e.g. hypertonic saline, mannitol, DNase and carbocisteine), anti-inflammatory therapy (inhaled corticosteroids) and drugs currently in development for use in bronchiectasis (e.g. brensocatib, benralizumab and itepekimab)."

Journal • Review • Bronchiectasis • Cough • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Non‐Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption secondary to Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. (EADV 2024) - "Additionally, the mother reported that the child had previously suffered from a cold, which was treated with carbocisteine and paracetamol...Serologies and PCR of mucosal swabs were performed, and due to the patient ’ s poor general state, hospital admission was proposed to begin treatment with intravenous acyclovir and prednisone, care for the oral mucosa with mupirocin, and dexamethasone eye drops for the conjunctivitis...All microbiological tests were negative (including for mycoplasma and herpes virus) , leading to the discontinuation of acyclovir and the initiation of azithromycin for 5 days...Generally, the course of the disease is mild with an excellent prognosis. Treatment primarily consists of targeted antimicrobial therapy (macrolides, tetracyclines, or fluoroquinolones) and supportive measures."

Conjunctivitis • Dermatology • Infectious Disease • Mucositis • Ocular Infections • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Pneumonia • Steven-Johnson Syndrome • Stomatitis

Treatment Patterns and Determinants of Maintenance Therapy for Patients With Stable and Exacerbated COPD: Insights From a Multi-center Cohort Study in China (ATS 2024) - "81]) and N-acetylcysteine/carbocysteine use (OR=1. The findings suggest variations in treatment patterns among patients with stable and exacerbated COPD in Chinese secondary and tertiary hospitals. Factors such as severity of disease, symptom scores, and income levels were found to be associated with specific treatment choices. These results provide insights that can guide healthcare providers in developing personalized maintenance therapy plans for COPD patients in China."

Clinical • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Impact of Indacaterol/Glycopyrrolate on Pulmonary Function and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire Score in Individuals with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. (PubMed, Altern Ther Health Med) - "The conventional group received oral carbocisteine tablets, while the combined compound preparation group received indacaterol/glycopyrrolate inhalation powder spray in addition to the conventional treatment. In treatment of stable COPD patients, the combination of indacaterol/glycopyrrolate with carbocisteine tablets enhances pulmonary function, alleviates airway inflammatory reactions, improves clinical efficacy, enhances psychological resilience, and elevates the quality of life compared to carbocisteine tablets alone. These findings underscore the potential therapeutic benefits of the combined compound preparation in managing stable COPD."

Journal • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • IL6 • TNFA

Antioxidant therapies for obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed, Sleep Breath) - "Antioxidant therapy in patients with OSA is associated with improved endothelial function, reduced oxidative stress, and improved sleep parameters. These results call for future multicentre studies with longer follow-ups to assess the utility of antioxidant therapy in patients with OSA."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Cardiovascular • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Disorder

Risk of major birth defects after first-trimester exposure to carbocisteine and ambroxol: A multicenter prospective cohort study using counseling data for drug safety during pregnancy. (PubMed, Congenit Anom (Kyoto)) - "This study demonstrated that carbocisteine and ambroxol exposure during the first trimester was not associated with an increased risk of major birth defects. These results could help in counseling for the use of these drugs during pregnancy and further alleviate anxiety in patients."

Journal • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Role of airway epithelium in viral respiratory infections: Can carbocysteine prevent or mitigate them? (PubMed, Immunology) - "Although the use of anti-oxidants has been proposed as an effective strategy in COPD exacerbations management, the molecular mechanisms that explain carbocysteine efficacy have not yet been fully clarified. The present review describes the most relevant features of the common respiratory virus pathophysiology with a focus on epithelial cells and oxidative stress role and reports data supporting a putative role of carbocysteine in viral respiratory infections."

Journal • Review • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Quantification of the Immunometabolite Protein Modifications S-2-Succinocysteine and 2,3- Dicarboxypropylcysteine. (PubMed, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab) - "To quantify the stoichiometry of succination and dicarboxypropylation, reduced cysteines were alkylated with iodoacetic acid to form S-carboxymethylcysteine (CMC) which was then esterified...This methodology to simultaneously distinguish and quantify both 2SC and 2,3-DCP will have broad applications in the physiology of metabolic diseases. In addition, we find that available anti-2SC antibodies also detect the structurally similar 2,3-DCP, therefore 'succinate moiety' may better describe the antigen recognized."

Journal • Metabolic Disorders