aztreonam / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Evaluation of aztreonam/avibactam gradient test strip and aztreonam-ceftazidime/avibactam broth disk elution method for susceptibility testing of metallo-β-lactamase positive carbapenemase-producing bacteria. (PubMed, Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis) - "Whole-genome sequencing was used for discrepancy analysis. Based on accuracy, reproducibility, and ease of use, the ATM/AVI gradient strip was selected as the preferred method for clinical laboratory testing."

Journal

Novel KPC-2 variants and epidemic ST463 clones underlie ceftazidime/avibactam resistance in carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (PubMed, Microbiol Spectr) - "Whole-genome sequencing revealed that resistant strains were highly resistant to carbapenems, cephalosporins, and aztreonam but retained partial susceptibility to aminoglycosides and polymyxins. By combining clinical, microbiological, and genomic data, our findings highlight an urgent need for ongoing surveillance and careful antibiotic use to preserve the usefulness of last-resort drugs like CZA. This work informs both clinicians and public health experts on emerging resistance threats."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Synergistic effect of ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam combination against carbapenem resistant Klebsiella spp., E.coli and Pseudomonas spp. (PubMed, Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis) - "Compared to the E-strip disk diffusion method, BDE method showed an agreement of 78.4 %, while DSE method exhibited an agreement of 89.7 %. The in vitro evaluation of the CZA-ATM combination highlights its potential as a therapeutic option for treating carbapenemase producing organisms."

Journal • Infectious Disease

One-year surveillance of last-resort antimicrobial resistance patterns in carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated in a Romanian tertiary care hospital: a prospective study. (PubMed, Germs) - "Strains presenting a minimum inhibitory concentration to meropenem of >0.125 μg/mL underwent phenotypic enzyme production testing, followed by synergistic testing to identify antimicrobial salvage therapy options...Forty-six strains were resistant to cefiderocol (35.7%), 108 (83.7%) to ceftazidime/avibactam, 127 (98.4%) to ceftolozane/tazobactam, 116 (90.0%) to imipenem/relebactam and 127 (98.4%) to aztreonam. The association of aztreonam with ceftazidime/avibactam demonstrated a synergistic effect in 127 (98.5%) strains, while aztreonam with imipenem/relebactam was efficient in vitro against 103 (79.8%) strains. Antimicrobial resistance remains a concerning phenomenon among Enterobacterales, especially when considering the increasing resistance rates even against salvage therapy antimicrobials."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of nacubactam (OP0595) after intravenous infusion: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase I clinical trial in healthy Chinese male subjects. (PubMed, Clin Exp Med) - P1 | "Nacubactam, a novel β-lactamase inhibitor, combined with cefepime or aztreonam, effectively supports CRE infection treatment...Its combination with ceftazidime or aztreonam is promising for treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections...In this work, we conducted a phase I randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to clinically evaluate nacubactam for the first time in healthy Chinese male subjects, demonstrating its good safety profile, dose-proportional pharmacokinetics, and mainly renal excretion. These data provide insights into the clinical application of nacubactam.Trial registration This trial was registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registration website, registration number ChiCTR2500103582."

Clinical • Journal • P1 data • PK/PD data • Infectious Disease

Incidence and antimicrobial resistance of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica in stool samples from children under five in peri-urban Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. (PubMed, BMC Microbiol) - "This study demonstrates a substantial burden of NTS infections in children under five in peri-urban Burkina Faso. Although MDR prevalence was low, high tetracycline resistance indicates widespread circulation of resistant strains. Continuous AMR surveillance is essential to guide treatment and preserve antibiotic efficacy."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Genomic characterization of two distinct Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in a fatal case of relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia: a case report. (PubMed, BMC Infect Dis) - "This case highlights the importance of genome-based diagnostics in identifying mixed-strain infections and uncovering resistance mechanisms that may not be apparent in routine phenotypic assays. The presence of the high-risk clone ST147 and the emerging ST967 lineage in a single host highlights the complexity of managing infections in immunocompromised patients and the urgent need for real-time genomic surveillance to guide antimicrobial stewardship and infection control."

Journal • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Neutropenia • Oncology • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Regulatory relationships among aldB, ampH, and acoR and their impact on β-lactam susceptibility in Phytobacter diazotrophicus. (PubMed, Front Microbiol) - "Compared with the wild-type strain, the ampH-knockout strain exhibited significantly increased MICs for carbenicillin, piperacillin, cefalotin, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, and ertapenem by at least 2-, 4-, 8-, 4-, 4-, 4-, 4-, 4-, 4-, and 2-fold, respectively. Under ceftazidime stress, P. diazotrophicus reduced aldB expression to increase its tolerance to the antibiotic. The discovery of the mechanism by which AcoR regulates aldB expression provides preliminary evidence for subsequent research on drug resistance mechanisms."

IO biomarker • Journal • Infectious Disease • ACACA • PD-1

Cefiderocol Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST175: A Case Report with Genomic Analysis. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "Cefiderocol resistance can emerge rapidly in vivo during treatment of infections caused by P. aeruginosa ST175. Continuous surveillance, molecular characterization of resistance mechanisms, and cautious use of cefiderocol-preferably in combination regimens-are warranted to preserve its clinical utility."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock

Treatment Options for Critically Ill Patients with Infections Caused by Metallo-Beta-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "The emergence of metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) has contributed to the protection of pathogens against all current beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors (BL/BLIs), including the newer ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI), meropenem-vaborbactam, and imipenem-relebactam...In vitro and clinical data suggest that combinations of CAZ-AVI with aztreonam (ATM) and the use of two different carbapenems (double carbapenem therapy, DCT) may be an option for MBL-producing pathogens... Treatment with CAZ-AVI + ATM or DCT presented similar efficacy with appropriate antibiotic therapy for infections caused by MBL-producing K. pneumoniae strains. Larger studies are required to confirm the findings."

Journal • Critical care • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Bacteria Isolated from the Animal Health Sector in Zambia (2020-2024): Opportunities to Strengthen Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance and Stewardship Programs. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "The findings of this study reveal rising resistance to commonly used antibiotics in the animal health sector. Despite the lack of molecular analysis, our findings underscore the urgent need for AMS programs and integrated AMR surveillance under Zambia's One Health strategy."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia

Preclinical evaluation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as a probiotic alternative against multidrug-resistant avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in chickens. (PubMed, Front Immunol) - "Multidrug resistance was common, including complete resistance to cefixime and aztreonam. plantarum ATS1 provides protective and immunomodulatory effects against APEC by supporting intestinal colonization, surviving in macrophages, and enhancing humoral immunity. These findings highlight its potential as a probiotic strategy to improve broiler health and reduce dependence on antibiotics."

Journal • Preclinical

Therapeutic challenges in managing Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bloodstream infection in a renal dysfunction patient: a case study and literature review. (PubMed, Front Cell Infect Microbiol) - "Guided by the findings of antimicrobial combination testing, an individualized regimen consisting of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) and aztreonam (ATM) was implemented, with dose adjustments tailored according to the patient's renal function. Combined susceptibility testing emerges as a valuable tool in tailoring effective therapeutic regimens. The combination of CZA and ATM, guided by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and adjusted according to individual patient characteristics, demonstrated both safety and efficacy in the treatment of S. maltophilia bloodstream infection."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Clinical epidemiology and prognostic factors in patients with KPC-producing K. pneumoniae infections: a retrospective cohort study. (PubMed, Front Public Health) - "KPC-Kp exhibited high resistance (>90%) to most tested antibiotics (including cephalosporins, piperacillin/tazobactam, fluoroquinolones, aztreonam, and carbapenems). Significantly lower resistance was observed only to tigecycline (5.1%) and ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) (4.3%)...KPC-Kp infections demonstrated high incidence (1.16%), and severe mortality (46% in-hospital). Mortality risk was significantly elevated by KPC-Kp infection, bloodstream infection, and ICU admission, underscoring critical clinical threats."

Biomarker • Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Vascular Neurology

Traceability and Characteristic Investigation of Burkholderia Gladioli Bloodstream Infection in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies (ASH 2023) - "Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed that the clinical strains were susceptible to cefazoxime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, cefalexin, cefoperazone/sulbactam, meropenem, imipenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, amikacin, tobramycin, minocycline hydrochloride, tigecycline and resistant to polymyxinB, ampicillin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, aztreonam, and cefoxitin. Foodborne B. gladioli strains in this study exhibited low toxicity and high thermal stability and caused opportunistic bloodstream infections of hematologic malignant patients in immunodeficient states, which deserves our attention. Its special biological characteristic might be attributed to whole and partial loss of toxigenic gene clusters. Clinical B gladioli strains are resistant to polymyxinB, but the standard B gladioli strain and lethal B gladioli strain are susceptible to it, indicating acquired resistance during colonization and empirical antibiotic therapy."

Clinical • Cystic Fibrosis • Febrile Neutropenia • Genetic Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Neutropenia • Oncology • Primary Immunodeficiency • Respiratory Diseases

Molecular Patterns of Resistance in Carbapenem Resistant Organisms Detected in Stool Surveillance Cultures in Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Cell Transplant (ASH 2023) - "On phenotypic sensitivity testing, the CROs were sensitive to Ceftriaxone-Sulbactam-EDTA (23/23, 100%), Ceftazidime-Avibactam (2/15, 13%), Colistin (23/23, 100%), Aztreonam (3/23, 13%), Tigecycline (17/23, 74%), Minocycline (9/23, 39%) and Aminoglycosides (11/23, 48%) shown in Figure 1a Resistance gene panel in these 23 stool isolates revealed NDM alone in 7 (31%), CTX-M along with NDM in 9 (39%), CTX-M along with OXA 48 like in 2(9%), CTX-M, OXA 48 along with NDM in 4 (17%) and NDM with OXA 48 in 1 (4%) (Figure 1b). About 40% of our patients were colonized with CROs at some point during their transplant. Molecular patterns identified NDM alone or in combination with other resistance genes in more than 90% of stools where molecular testing was performed. The antibiotics to which these MDR organisms were most susceptible included Ceftriaxone-sulbactam-EDTA, Colistin and tigecycline."

Bone Marrow Transplantation • Febrile Neutropenia • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Lymphoma • Multiple Myeloma • Myelofibrosis • Neutropenia • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock • Transplantation

Turbitest: an innovative rapid test for determining in vitro susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam plus aztreonam in Enterobacterales. (PubMed, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis) - "The combination aztreonam-avibactam (AZA) was developed in an attempt to overcome this challenge, as avibactam inhibits KPC and other serine-β-lactamases, enabling aztreonam (ATM) to act against MBL. TurbiTest is an inexpensive test that demonstrated a promising performance with considerably reduced turnaround time to results (less than 5 h). Interlaboratory reproducibility, as well as the performance with other bacterial population remain to be explored."

Journal • Preclinical

Ceftazidime–avibactam in real-world clinical practice: results from a single center (DGHO 2025) - "Early, targeted therapy is crucial for MDR GNB infections. Ceftazidime–avibactam, particularly with aztreonam, is effective against resistant pathogens, including MBL strains. ICU admission, high INCREMENT scores, and urinary catheter use correlate with increased mortality, emphasizing the need for vigilant risk assessment and tailored treatment strategies."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Pneumonia

Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Levofloxacin vs. Other Inhaled Antibiotics in the Treatment of Adults With Cystic Fibrosis and Chronic Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Lung Infection: An Updated Network Meta-Analysis (ISPOR-EU 2025) - "Overall, the results suggest that levofloxacin may be more effective than TIS, and comparable to TIP, aztreonam and colistin, for the treatment of adults with CF and chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection."

Retrospective data • Cystic Fibrosis • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Unravelling the triad of penicillin-binding proteins, β-lactamase activity, and mRNA dynamics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa AmpC induction. (PubMed, J Antimicrob Chemother) - "These findings highlight that ampC transcription does not predict functional enzyme levels, especially for PBP3-binding drugs. Full induction appears to require PBP4 targeting and CreBC activation. These findings underscore the need for integrated assessment of PBP IC50, transcription, and enzymatic activity to guide rational β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor therapy, and lay the groundwork for future studies on alternative ampC regulatory pathways."

Journal

Integral-2: P3 Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Cefepime/Nacubactam and Aztreonam/Nacubactam Versus Best Available Therapy for Adults With Infection Due to Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacterales (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=126 | Completed | Sponsor: Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd. | Recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF LUNG TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS WITH POSTOPERATIVE CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT ENTEROBACTERALES INFECTIONS (CHEST 2025) - "All LTRs were treated with high-dose steroids, basiliximab induction, and 3- drug immunosuppression (tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone) at the time of LT, per our center's protocol. Infection with CRE in the early post-LT period can lead to severe illness, prolonged hospital stays, debility, and post-infectious CRE colonization. In vitro antimicrobial resistance of individual antibiotics does not equate to in vivo resistance. Combination testing is warranted, and the combination of ceftazidime/avibactam and aztreonam is an effective treatment strategy."

Clinical • Clinical data • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock • Transplantation

Susceptibility profile of Aeromonas spp. from clinical strains isolated in French Guiana. (PubMed, Microbiol Spectr) - "A secondary objective was to assess the resistance profile of these strains to cefepime (FEP), aztreonam (AZT), ciprofloxacin (CIP), levofloxacin (LEV), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT)...The median ceftazidime (CAZ) MIC was 0.125 mg/L...This study provides essential MIC distribution data for piperacillin-tazobactam and cefotaxime, offering valuable insights for guiding empirical treatment choices...By analyzing a large collection of clinical isolates, our findings contribute to evidence-based decision-making for Aeromonas infections and emphasize the importance of continued surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility. These findings suggest that PTZ and CTX may be therapeutic options for Aeromonas infections, supporting their potential use in clinical practice."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Draft genome sequence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain TUM26315, a bloodstream isolate resistant to cefiderocol and to aztreonam combined with ceftazidime-avibactam. (PubMed, Microbiol Resour Announc) - "The isolate belonged to genomic group 6 and carried blaL1B and blaL2B β-lactamase genes. It also had a frameshift mutation in the cirA gene."

Journal

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Ceftazidime-Avibactam in Clinical Isolates of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Ceftazidime-avibactam shows excellent activity against class A carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales but limited efficacy against MBL producers. The combination with aztreonam significantly enhances activity against MBL-producing strains which suggests a possible way to treat infections caused by these tough bacteria."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia