Prolactin (luteotropic hormone) / Pfizer - LARVOL DELTA

STAT3 activation is required for the antiapoptotic effects of prolactin in cervical cancer cells. (PubMed) - "Our data suggests that STAT3 is an important signaling pathway activated by PRL in cervical cancer cells and it modulates the induction of antiapoptotic genes. Blocking STAT3 could represent a possible therapeutic strategy in cervical cancer."

Journal • Biosimilar • Oncology

Caspase-1-mediated cytokine release from gestational tissues, placental, and cord blood. (PubMed) - The P2X7-dependent release of the cytokine, which was highest from choriodecidua, was attenuated by progesterone (P4), prolactin and an NFkB inhibitor. The NLRP3 inflammasome appears necessary for the processing of IL-1β in gestational tissues and leukocytes.

Journal • Biosimilar

Pharmacological interventions for challenging behaviour in children with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed) - BMC Psychiatry - "Antipsychotic medications appear to be effective for reducing challenging behaviour in the short-term among children with intellectual disabilities, but they carry a risk of significant side effects. Findings from this review must be interpreted with caution as studies were typically of low quality and most outcomes were based on a small number of studies. Further long-term, high-quality research is needed to determine the effectiveness and safety of psychotropic medication for reducing challenging behaviour."

Journal • Biosimilar

Serum trace elements are interrelated with hormonal imbalance in men with acute ischemic stroke. (PubMed) - J Trace Elem Med Biol - "Generally, the obtained data demonstrate that altered serum trace elements are associated with thyroid dysfunction in acute ischemic stroke patients. However, the causal relationship should be estimated."

Journal • Biosimilar • Gene Therapies • Reperfusion Injury

Male Sexual Dysfunction, Leptin, Pituitary and Gonadal Hormones in Nigerian Males with Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. (PubMed) - J Reprod Infertil - "Sexual and reproductive dysfunction may be related to increased conversion of testosterone to oestrogen in increased adipose mass in men with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus."

Journal • Biosimilar • Diabetes • Obesity

Rationale and design of a randomized, controlled multicentre clinical trial to evaluate the effect of bromocriptine on left ventricular function in women with peripartum cardiomyopathy. (PubMed) - "This trial will provide important knowledge on potential benefits and safety of prolonged inhibition of prolactin release with bromocriptine in addition to standard heart failure therapy in newly diagnosed PPCM."

Journal • Biosimilar • Graft versus Host Disease • Heart Failure • Immunology • Inflammation • Myositis

Increased serum level of prolactin is related to autoantibody production in systemic lupus erythematosus. (PubMed) - Lupus - "These data suggest that the serum level of PRL was closely related to the antibody production and disease activity of SLE patients. PRL concentration was dramatically reduced upon the remission of disease activity, indicating that PRL levels might be a promising predictor of SLE disease severity."

Journal • Biosimilar • Immunology • Lupus

Early spermatogenesis changes in traumatic complete spinal cord-injured adult patients. (PubMed) - Spinal Cord - "A majority of the patients showed impaired spermatogenesis soon after the injury, which in most cases recovered over time. That was accompanied by parallel increases in serum levels of inhibin B, testosterone and prolactin, possibly driving or reflecting the spermatogenesis recovery. Further studies are needed to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying these changes.Spinal Cord advance online publication, 24 January 2017; doi:10.1038/sc.2016.184."

Journal • Biosimilar • Complement-mediated Rare Disorders

Endocrinologic Control of Men's Sexual Desire and Arousal/Erection. (PubMed) - J Sex Med - "Endocrine abnormalities are common in patients with sexual dysfunction. Their identification and treatment is strongly encouraged in disturbances of sexual desire and arousal."

Journal • Biosimilar

Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guideline for Pretreatment Endocrine Evaluation of Patients With Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas. (PubMed) - Neurosurgery - "Despite a paucity of class I evidence, multiple retrospective studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of hypopituitarism in patients with NFPAs. Routine endocrine analysis of all anterior pituitary axes to assess for hypopituitarism is recommended, with prolactin and insulin-like growth factor 1 evaluation also valuable to assess for hypersecretion states that might not be clinically suspected. The full guidelines document for this chapter can be located at https://www.cns.org/guidelines/guidelines-management-patients-non-functioning-pituitary-adenomas/Chapter_3."

Biomarker • Journal • Biosimilar • Growth Hormone • Renal Disease

Prolactin protects retinal pigment epithelium by inhibiting sirtuin 2-dependent cell death. (PubMed) - EBioMedicine - "RPE from PRL receptor-null (prlr(-/-)) mice showed increased levels of oxidative stress, Sirt2 expression and apoptosis, effects that were exacerbated in animals with advancing age. These observations identify PRL as a regulator of RPE homeostasis."

Journal • Biosimilar

The effect of oral contraception on macroprolactin levels in women with macroprolactinemia: A pilot study. (PubMed) - "Our results suggest that oral contraceptive pills containing ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel exhibit a stimulatory effect on macroprolactin production in women with basically high macroprolactin levels."

Journal • Biosimilar

Development of a Novel, Anti-idiotypic Monoclonal Anti-prolactin Antibody That Mimics the Physiological Functions of Prolactin. (PubMed) - Asian-Australas J Anim Sci - "Finally, we examined its biological activities in CHO-PRLR and Nb2 cells and observed that B7 could activate Janus kinase 2-signal transducer and activator of transcription signalling in CHO-PRLR and Nb2 cells and induce BaF3 proliferation. The present study suggests that i) B7 can serve as a PRLR agonist or PRL mimic and has potential applications in regulating mammary gland development, milk production and maintenance of lactation in domestic animals and ii) B7 may be a biological reagent that can be used to explore the mechanism of PRLR-mediated intracellular signalling."

Journal • Biosimilar

Efficacy and Tolerability of Aripiprazole Intramuscular as Maintenance Treatment in Patients with Paranoid Schizophrenia (EPA 2017) - "Study variables (baseline, 6 and 12 months): Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI), mean dose of aripiprazole depot, previous treatments, adherence, relapse rate, prolactin levels, sexual dysfunction , BMIs Following the introduction of Aripiprazole depot in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia previously treated with other oral o depot antipsychotics in our study we conclude that maintaining therapeutic efficacy a better tolerability and safety profile, better therapeutic adherence and consequently lower relapse rate were achieved."

Clinical • Observational data • Biosimilar • CNS Disorders • Schizophrenia

Maternal flaxseed oil intake during lactation changes body fat, inflammatory markers and glucose homeostasis in the adult progeny: role of gender dimorphism. (PubMed) - J Nutr Biochem - "Higher prolactin and inflammatory cytokines in male could play a role in these gender differences. We suggest that the use of flaxseed oil during lactation increases metabolic syndrome risk in the adult progeny."

Journal • Biosimilar • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Immunology • Obesity

The Effect of Antipsychotics on Bone Mineral Density and Sex Hormones in Male Patients with Schizophrenia. (PubMed) - Psychiatr Danub - "The long-term use of prolactin - raising antipsychotic medications as well as hyperprolactinemia and hypoestrogenism accelerate bone degradation."

Journal • Biosimilar • CNS Disorders • Schizophrenia

Lurasidone in the treatment of schizophrenia: a critical evaluation. (PubMed) - "Lurasidone is a benzoisothiazole with potent dopamine D2 and serotonin 5HT2A antagonist and serotonin 5HT1A partial agonist properties (like other second-generation antipsychotic agents) with additional potent 5HT7 and alpha2C noradrenergic antagonism. It has little or no activity at the alpha1 and alpha2A noradrenergic, 5HT2C serotonergic, histaminergic and cholinergic receptors. Available only in an oral formulation, it is effective in once-daily dosing (40 - 160 mg/day) and its absorption is affected by food. There is an extensive clinical trial database with short-term and long-term placebo- and antipsychotic-controlled clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety/tolerability of lurasidone in the treatment of schizophrenia. It has been found to be efficacious with comparable efficacy to other agents in the treatment of acute psychosis and prevention of relapse in individuals with schizophrenia. The greater antidepressant and cognitive benefits suggested by its receptor

Journal • Biosimilar • Schizophrenia

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF PATIENTS WITH HYPERPROLACTINEMIA (AHR 2017) - "All patients with hyperprolactinemia received a pathogenetic treatment with cabergoline. A complex preconception period preparation for pregnancy of patients with hyperprolactinemia increased the pregnancy rate among 56% of infertile women and lowered the rate of early stage pregnancy loss from 13.8% to 10.3%."

Clinical • Biosimilar

Are Prolactin Levels Linked to Suction Pressure? (PubMed) - Breastfeed Med - "Suction pressure varied directly with the post-natal PRL increment. Suction pressure was associated with the timing of the mother's perception of her lactation. Strong suction pressure by the infant is likely to enhance the mother's confidence in her lactation. Additionally, sucking duration, frequency of giving formula, maternal BMI, and infant birth weight played a role in early breastfeeding success."

Journal • Biosimilar

IL-6 SECRETION REDUCTION IN ELDERLY PATIENTS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE COLORECTAL LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY UNDER ERAS. RESULTS FROM A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL (SIOG 2016) - "Cortisol, C Reactive Protein, White Blood Cell Count, Prolactin, IL-6 levels were collected preoperatively, 1, 3 and 5 days after surgery. Colorectal laparoscopic surgery within an ERAS prototcol in elderly patinets affects Surgical Stress Response, decreasing IL-6 and CRP levels post-operatively and improving Prealbumin post operative synthesis."

Clinical • Biosimilar • Oncology

6-Gingerol-rich fraction from Zingiber officinale ameliorates carbendazim-induced endocrine disruption and toxicity in testes and epididymis of rats. (PubMed) - Andrologia - "Conversely, 6-GRF ameliorated the disruption in the hormonal levels and restored their levels to near normalcy in CBZ-treated rats. Collectively, 6-GRF inhibited the adverse effects of CBZ on the antioxidant defence systems, hormonal balance and histology of the testes and epididymis in rats."

Journal • Biosimilar

The influence of atypical antipsychotic drugs on sexual function. (PubMed) - "Variety of mechanisms are likely to contribute to antipsychotic-related sexual dysfunction, including hyperprolactinemia, sedation, and antagonism of a number of neurotransmitter receptors (α-adrenergic, dopaminergic, histaminic, and muscarinic). Maintaining normal sexual function in people treated for mental disorders can affect their quality of life, mood, self-esteem, attitude toward taking medication, and compliance during therapy."

Journal • Biosimilar

Human growth hormone and human prolactin function as autocrine/paracrine promoters of progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. (PubMed) - Oncotarget - "In vitro and in vivo functional assays performed with HCC cell lines demonstrated that autocrine expression of hGH or hPRL in HCC cells increased STAT3 activation, oncogenicity and tumor growth while functional antagonism with hGH-G120R significantly reduced these parameters. Hence, tumor expression of hGH/hPRL is associated with a worse survival outcome for patients with HCC and hGH/hPRL function as autocrine/paracrine promoters of HCC progression."

Journal • Biosimilar • Gastrointestinal Cancer • Hepatocellular Cancer • Oncology

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) regulates prolactin, growth hormone, and IGF-1 receptor expression in the pituitary gland of the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata. (PubMed) - "The contradictory responses of GH and PRL expressions to IGF-1 in our experiment are possibly mediated by IGF-1Ra presence on the somatotrophs and prolactotrophs. The increase in IGF-1Ra mRNA levels may be related to the proper activation of the PI3-K/Akt signal transduction pathways which are normally involved in GH and PRL regulation."

Journal • Biosimilar

Analytical performance specifications for changes in assay bias (Δbias) for data with logarithmic distributions as assessed by effects on reference change values. - Ann Clin Biochem - "The traditional and simple to apply model used to generate analytical performance specifications for reference change value, based on the use of coefficients of variation and assuming Gaussian distributions for both CVI and CVA, is generally useful."

Journal • Biosimilar