chlorhexidine gluconate / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Evaluating the effectiveness of various disinfectants in deep carious lesions: An in vivo study. (PubMed, J Conserv Dent Endod) - "All three cavity disinfectants significantly reduced total vital count, S. mutans, and Lactobacillus count. However, chlorhexidine showed the best results."

Journal • Preclinical • Dental Disorders

Vaginal Cleansing With Chlorhexidine Versus Iodine for Prevention of Endometritis (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=239 | Completed | Sponsor: Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki

New trial • Endometriosis

Effects of Zataria multiflora mouthwash and chlorhexidine compared to chlorhexidine alone on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients admitted to intensive care units. (PubMed, Complement Ther Clin Pract) - "ZM + CHG reduced the incidence of VAP in ICU patients more effectively than CHG. It also improved oral health and mucosal-plaque condition in mechanically ventilated patients. Thus, ZM + CHG could serve as an alternative to CHG in ICU patients under mechanical ventilation. However, additional studies are needed to confirm its impact on VAP incidence."

Journal • Critical care • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Establishing an ex vivo porcine skin model to investigate the effects of broad spectrum antiseptic on viable skin microbial communities. (PubMed, bioRxiv) - "Compared to water treated control skin, skin treated with the antiseptic chlorhexidine gluconate had significantly lower culturable and bioburden determined by viability-qPCR. Compared to water treated skin, viable microbial communities on CHG treated skin displayed greater relative abundance of several gut associated and Gram-negative bacterial taxa, including SMB53, Turicibacter, Pseudomonas and Proteus. Collectively these findings highlight the utility of an ex vivo porcine skin system for interrogating the impacts of antimicrobial disruption to complex microbial ecosystems, and ultimately for the future testing and development of improved antiseptic formulations."

Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease

Chlorhexidine Gluconate Irrigation in the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection Following Cesarean Delivery. (PubMed, Cureus) - "This single center retrospective observational study revealed no difference in post-cesarean SSI rates when performing intra-abdominal and subcutaneous irrigation with CHG solution. A significant increase in endometritis was observed with the use of CHG irrigation; however, further studies are required to determine the benefit or harm of antimicrobial irrigation in CDs."

Journal • Diabetes • Endometriosis • Gestational Diabetes • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders

Chlorhexidine Gluconate in Pediatric Endodontic Treatment: A Scoping Review. (PubMed, Cureus) - "The minimum irrigation volume when using CHX is 2 ml per root canal, which ensures optimal effectiveness in bacterial elimination and improves treatment outcomes. While CHX shows promise as an endodontic irrigation solution for primary teeth, further research is necessary to fully understand its potential benefits and limitations."

Journal • Review • Pediatrics

Infection Rates with Intraoperative 0.05% Chlorhexidine Gluconate in Hydrophilic Coated Inflatable Penile Prostheses: Initial Results from a Large Multi-Institutional Cohort (AUA 2025) - "In a large multi-institutional cohort, intraoperative CHG use was associated with an elevated incidence of hydrophilic IPP infection. This association was seen on chi square testing and with univariate analysis but was not significant on multivariable analysis, indicating that additional power is needed to clarify these findings."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Hypertension • Infectious Disease

Infection Rates with Intraoperative 0.05% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Irrigation in Minocycline and Rifampin Impregnated Penile Prostheses: Initial Results from a Large Multi-Institutional Cohort (AUA 2025) - "In a large multi-institutional cohort, there was no difference in infection rate for patients with or without intraoperative CHG use, consistent with prior in vitro findings."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Hypertension • Infectious Disease

0.05% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Application, Diabetes, Revision, and Extended Operative Time Lead to Higher Penile Implant Infection Rates (AUA 2025) - "The study compared two protocols and each protocol period lasted 20 months: the traditional antibiotic regimen (ABX) using rifampin/gentamicin for dip and vancomycin/gentamicin for irrigation (Jan 2021-Aug 2022; n=320) versus CHG for both dip and irrigation (Oct 2022-May 2024; n=377). This study identifies 4 independent risk factors for post-op infection in IPP surgery: CHG dip/irrigation, DM, revision cases, and extended OT."

Diabetes • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders

Characteristics of Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Infections After Intraoperative 0.05% Chlorhexidine Gluconate: Results from a Large Multi-Institutional Cohort (AUA 2025) - "In a large, multi-institutional cohort, IPP infections after intraoperative CHG use were associated with a variety of cultured organisms, most commonly Escherichia coli and Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus."

Clinical • Infectious Disease

Comparative Study Dipping TitanÒ Implants in IrriseptÒ (0.05% CHG) Solution, Vancomycin/Gentamicin or Saline Control and Exposure to Various Microbial Species (AUA 2025) - "INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Irrisept is a 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) antiseptic solution that has been shown to be effective at treating the most common aerobic, anaerobic and fungal species causing PPI in a recent publication. Irrisept dipped and irrigated Titan discs are shown to kill all the tested bacteria better than V/G or saline. Further comparative clinical studies are needed to evaluate the best solution for dipping and irrigating hydrophilic coated penile implants."

Use of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol for skin disinfection during central catheter insertion in premature neonates. (PubMed, J Vasc Access) - "The use of 2% CHG in 70% IPA for skin disinfection during CVC implantation in preterm infants over 24 weeks GA does not lead to severe skin lesions."

Journal • Dermatology • Infectious Disease

Still not sterile: viability-based assessment of the skin microbiome following pre-surgical application of a broad-spectrum antiseptic reveals transient pathogen enrichment and long-term recovery. (PubMed, Microbiol Spectr) - "Broad-spectrum antiseptics such as chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) have widespread use as pre-surgical tools to lower skin microbial burden and reduce the risk of surgical site infection...Post-surgery, the skin microbiome eventually recovers to resemble its pre-CHG exposed state. Collectively, these findings identify tangible avenues for improving antiseptic formulations and further support that the skin microbiome is viable, stable, and resilient to chemical perturbation."

Journal • Infectious Disease

The Toxicity of Chlorhexidine and Povidone-Iodine to Rotator Cuff Tendon. (PubMed, J Shoulder Elbow Surg) - "Brief 0.05% CHG and 0.35% PI exposures to rotator cuff tendon may lead to reduced tenocyte viability, with the tendinous portion seemingly more susceptible than the enthesis. Additionally, at these concentrations tested, CHG appears to be more toxic than PI. These findings raise concern for the potential cytotoxic effects of low-dose CHG and PI to native tendon tissue, even after brief exposures commonly used for antimicrobial prophylaxis in shoulder arthroplasty."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Orthopedics

Intraoperative Irrigation and Topical Antibiotic Use Fail to Reduce Early Periprosthetic Joint Infection Rates: A Michigan Arthroplasty Registry Collaborative Quality Initiative Study. (PubMed, J Arthroplasty) - "There was no reduction in 90-day infection rates for primary THA or TKA with irrigation additives. Higher infection rates were noted with povidone compared to saline for THA and TKA, potentially due to selection bias or local adverse tissue effects. Topical powders did not improve infection control. While irrigation is strongly recommended in all patients having TKA or THA, multiple irrigation solutions were not correlated with lower infection rates, suggesting importance of patient selection and optimization over irrigation type."

Journal • Anesthesia • Infectious Disease • Orthopedics • Pain

Subcutaneous lavage with a 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate solution leads to decreased Cutibacterium acnes deep culture rate in primary total shoulder arthroplasty: A prospective, randomized controlled trial. (PubMed, J Shoulder Elbow Surg) - "The use of a 0.05% CHG irrigation solution in the subcutaneous layer leads to a significantly decreased rate of positive deep cultures of C acnes in TSA. Furthermore, in male patients the decrease in rate of positive deep cultures is even more substantial. We recommend its use in the subcutaneous layer during primary TSA to limit the risk of deep C acnes contamination and potentially decrease the risk of PJI."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Orthopedics

The Use of Low-Dose Chlorhexidine Gluconate Irrigation in Preventing Intraoperative Contamination in Tissue Expander-Based Breast Reconstruction. (PubMed, Ann Plast Surg) - "This was a pilot study comparing intraoperative culture results and postoperative infections between breasts treated with an additional low-dose CHG wash and those that did not during immediate TE-based breast reconstruction. This study provided evidence that low-dose CHG can reduce intraoperative contamination, offering objective data and insights into a potential new option to maintain, or even improve, sterility in the operating room during breast reconstruction. Although clinical infection rates remained similar between the two groups, longer follow-up time and larger sample size will provide further understanding of the role of low-dose CHG in preventing infection as well as capsular contracture."

Journal • Retrospective data • Infectious Disease

Adipose Tissue Stem Cells (ASCs) and ASC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Prevent the Development of Experimental Peritoneal Fibrosis. (PubMed, Cells) - "This study explores the effectiveness of adipose-tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) at mitigating PF using a rat model of PF induced by chlorhexidine gluconate...The EV treatment exhibited superior preservation of peritoneal function, along with enhanced UF capacity. These findings suggest the potential of ASCs and EVs as novel therapeutic approaches to prevent the development of PF associated with peritoneal dialysis."

Journal • Fibrosis • Immunology • FN1 • SMAD3 • SMAD7 • TGFB1

Efficacy of Octenidine Dihydrochloride Versus Chlorhexidine Gluconate Solutions in Reducing Surgical-Site Infections in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Comparative Analysis (ESCMID Global 2025) - No abstract available

Clinical • Infectious Disease • Orthopedics

Microbial Loads in Traumatized Immature Teeth and Their Impact on the Treatment Outcomes of Regenerative Endodontic Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Chlorhexidine and Calcium Hydroxide. (PubMed, Dent Traumatol) - "Both CH and CHD effectively reduced bacterial loads, with greater reductions linked to successful outcomes. The association between E. faecalis and failed RET suggests that this species may play a role in treatment outcomes. Further research, including microbiome profiling, is desirable to identify potential prognostic markers for failed RET."

Clinical • Journal • Gastrointestinal Disorder

Chlorhexidine solutions are more effective than povidone-iodine solutions as skin disinfectants for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections: A meta-analysis. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "The analysis revealed that chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG)-containing solutions were significantly more effective than PVI in preventing CRBSI (RR = 0.460, 95% CI 0.323-0.654, P < 0.001), catheter-related sepsis (RR = 0.419, 95% CI 0.206-0.853, P = 0.016), and catheter colonization (RR = 0.409, 95% CI 0.266-0.630, P < 0.001)...CHG-alcohol is most effective at preventing catheter-related infections, especially those caused by 70% alcohol. Compared to PVI, CHG-70% alcohol is the most effective disinfectant for preventing catheter-related infections, as it combines the rapid disinfection and evaporation properties of alcohol with the prolonged antimicrobial effects of chlorhexidine.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024507163."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Infectious Disease • Septic Shock

Effects of Surface Treatments and Mouth Rinses on the Roughness and Color Stability of Interim Restorations Produced through Additive Manufacturing. (PubMed, Int J Prosthodont) - "Printed resins have sufficient optical and surface properties for interim restorations. Long-term use of mouth rinses may cause discolouration but using surface sealant and polishing may reduce this discolouration."

Journal

Novel Surgical Skin Preparation Quality Improvement Program to Reduce Surgical Site Infection (ASCRS 2025) - "We therefore implemented a quality improvement (QI) program to improve the primary outcome of compliance with combined chlorhexidine gluconate and isopropyl alcohol (CHG/IPA) applicator manufacturer instructions for use (IFU) overall and for colorectal surgery (CRS)...Increased compliance is also likely associated with reduced SSI as evidenced by reduction in colorectal SSI captured by CRS NSQIP reports over the implementation period. Future research should determine how often these training sessions should be held to maintain and improve SP skills."

Infectious Disease

Chlorhexidine Gluconate Treatment Adherence Among Nurses and Patients to Reduce Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections. (PubMed, Clin J Oncol Nurs) - "PubMed® and CINAHL® databases were searched for articles published in English between 2014 and 2024 that focused on adults (aged 18 years or older) and evaluated CHG use, barriers to CHG use, and interventions to reduce CLABSI rates. This review identified the following three themes: the efficacy of CHG on reducing hospital-acquired infections, barriers to CHG use, and multilevel educational programs that improve rates of CHG use."

Journal • Review • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Transplantation

In vitro analysis of various mouthwashes: cytotoxic, apoptotic, genotoxic and antibacterial effects. (PubMed, Clin Oral Investig) - "The low cytotoxicity and potent antibacterial properties of essential oils render them a more safer choice for inclusion in mouthwash compositions."

Journal • Preclinical • ANXA5 • CASP3