Penthrox (methoxyflurane) / Medical Developments International - LARVOL DELTA

Doping Control Analysis of Methoxyflurane in Equine Plasma by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. (PubMed, Drug Test Anal) - "To control the potential misuse of methoxyflurane in equine sports, a simple and sensitive method for detecting methoxyflurane in equine plasma by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using negative chemical ionisation with methane as reagent gas has been developed and validated. The method shows good sensitivity and robustness, with a limit of detection of 0.05 μg/mL could be achieved by the method, demonstrating the potential to employ this technique in the detection of this volatile and electronegative compound in biological matrices."

Journal • Pain

Pain-Free TRUS B: A phase 3 double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial of methoxyflurane with periprostatic local anaesthesia to reduce the discomfort of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (ANZUP 1501). (PubMed, BJU Int) - "We found no evidence that methoxyflurane improved pain scores at 15 minutes, however improvements were seen in patient-reported discomfort, overall experience, and willingness to undergo repeat biopsies."

Clinical • Journal • P3 data • Anesthesia • Oncology • Pain • Prostate Cancer • Urology

Evaluation of the impact of high altitude on pre-hospital anaesthetic administration: a scoping review. (PubMed, BJA Open) - "Inhalational agents showed unreliable performance, whereas propofol-fentanyl and ketamine were safe when titrated. Methoxyflurane and ketamine seem promising for field use at high altitude, whereas nitrous oxide, opioids, and benzodiazepines may carry increased risks. Altitude-specific research and expert consensus are urgently required."

Journal • Review • Anesthesia • Pain

Inhaled Methoxyflurane in Australian Emergency Departments-A Cost-Minimisation Analysis. (PubMed, Emerg Med Australas) - "Broader use of methoxyflurane for the management of pain and minor procedures in Australian EDs could deliver meaningful operational efficiency gains."

HEOR • Journal • Anesthesia • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics • Pain • Thermal Injury

PAIN-THROX: Methoxyflurane Versus Usual Care for Non-Traumatic Pain in Emergency Departments (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=164 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: University Hospital, Tours

Head-to-Head • New P3 trial • Pain

Self-administered inhaled methoxyflurane (Penthrox®) as pre-injection analgesia in Podiatry Outpatients: A blinded, randomised study. (ANZCTR) - P4 | N=40 | Completed | Sponsor: Claire Huxtable | Recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Pain

Methoxyflurane as an Analgesic and Sedative Agent in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Scoping Review. (PubMed, J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg) - P3 | "Available evidence supports the clinical feasibility of MOF in OMFS, particularly for third molar surgery and acute oral pain. High-quality OMFS-specific RCTs remain lacking. The METODO trial will provide pivotal data to guide practice. Future research should address OMFS-specific protocols and jurisdictions where MOF lacks regulatory approval."

Journal • Review • Anesthesia • Pain

The green whistle for green endoscopy: a pilot study for penthrox sedation in colonoscopy (BSG 2026) - "Conclusion Despite the small cohort, this pilot study supports penthrox as a greener alternative to entonox, with acceptable patient experience and endoscopic performance, and represents the first report of its use in the UK. A larger study is planned to confirm safety, feasibility and economic evaluation for wider use."

Clinical • Gynecology

Study of the Use of Methoxyflurane vs Placebo in the Management of Pain in Oral and Dental Emergencies in Adults: METODO (METhoxyflurane in ODOntology) (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=190 | Completed | Sponsor: University Hospital, Brest | Recruiting ➔ Completed | Trial completion date: Oct 2026 ➔ Oct 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2026 ➔ Oct 2025

Trial completion • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Pain

MAGPIE study author's reply. (PubMed, Injury) - No abstract available

Journal • Pain • Pediatrics

APHP180608: MOOD - MethOxyflurane analgesia in vasoOcclusive crises of sickle cell Disease (clinicaltrialsregister.eu) - P2/3 | N=198 | Sponsor: Assistance Publique Hopitaux De Paris

New P2/3 trial • Genetic Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Sickle Cell Disease

Randomized Control Trial of BPH TURBO procedure using the OptilumeBPH system with 3 Block Techniques – First World Reporting of Out-Patient In-Office Experience Under Local Anesthesia (AUA 2026) - "Optilume BPH is an FDA-approved drug-coated balloon technology that combines controlled prostatic dilation with targeted delivery of paclitaxel to inhibit tissue regrowth. Pain during Optilume remains mild to moderate and transient, with peak discomfort occurring during DCB inflation. Use of the modified-Beahrs periprostatic block coupled with TZ infiltration, or standard prostate block with Penthrox, appears to reduce peak intraoperative pain compared to Penthrox alone."

Clinical • Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Inhaled Methoxyflurane - A Novel Adjunct for Office-Based Laryngeal Procedures (COSM 2026) - "Standard local anesthesia included nasal and topical laryngeal lidocaine application. Inhaled methoxyflurane provides a safe and well-tolerated adjunct to local anesthesia for awake laryngeal procedures, supporting its role in optimizing patient comfort."

3 mL Inhaled Methoxyflurane for Intrauterine Device (IUD) Insertion (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=110 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Women's College Hospital | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2026 ➔ Dec 2026

Enrollment open • Trial primary completion date • Long-acting Reversible Contraceptives

MethoxyFLurane inhaler for single episode cancer-related incident pain in palliative cARE patients: The FLARE feasibility study (ANZCTR) - P3 | N=10 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Latrobe Regional Health

New P3 trial • Oncology • Pain • Palliative care

A narrative review of the effectiveness of pain management strategies during intrauterine device insertion and endometrial biopsies. (PubMed, Womens Health (Lond)) - "More recently, Penthrox, an inhaled analgesic, is another promising new option for pain control in primary care practice...This gap in evidence highlights the need for ongoing research and the development of accessible, evidence-based interventions in primary healthcare settings to enhance patient experiences and satisfaction with these common procedures. Patient education about the procedure, its benefits, and potential side effects, and providing additional counseling can help alleviate anxiety and contribute to better overall outcomes, and in turn, reduce pain."

Journal • Review • Long-acting Reversible Contraceptives • Mood Disorders • Pain • Psychiatry

Acute pain management in older adults presenting to the emergency department: a clinical review. (PubMed, Singapore Med J) - "Alternative options, including intranasal or nebulised ketamine and methoxyflurane, as well as regional anaesthesia techniques such as pericapsular nerve group and serratus anterior plane blocks, offer additional benefits. A multimodal, individualised approach is essential to achieve safe and effective pain control in this vulnerable population."

Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Pain

Methoxyflurane: analgesic benefit and environmental impact - Authors' reply. (PubMed, Lancet) - No abstract available

Journal • Pain

Methoxyflurane: analgesic benefit and environmental impact. (PubMed, Lancet) - No abstract available

Journal • Pain

Letter to the Editor: Treatment of acute trauma-related pain in children and adolescents with methoxyflurane (Penthrox®) compared to placebo (MAGPIE): A randomised clinical trial. (PubMed, Injury) - No abstract available

Journal • Mood Disorders • Pain

MONITOR - MethOxyfluraNe in InTerventiOnal Radiology (ANZCTR) - P3 | N=322 | Terminated | Sponsor: South Western Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee | Recruiting ➔ Terminated

Trial termination

PATIENT REPORTED EXPERIENCE OF BONE MARROW ASPIRATE AND TREPHINE BIOPSY. A NURSE LED SERVICE ESTABLISHMENT AND IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (EBMT 2026) - "This audit demonstrates that while overall satisfaction with BMAT is high, many patients continue to experience moderate–severe pain or significant anxiety. The findings support targeted refinements to nurse-led BMAT practice, including enhanced pre-procedure information, improved psychological support, and access to alternative analgesia for suitable patients. The SOP, competency framework, and preparatory governance work have established the foundations for a prospective evaluation of methoxyflurane for procedural pain management commencing January 2026."

Biopsy • Clinical • Hematological Disorders • Mood Disorders

Inhaled methoxyflurane for fracture reduction in prehospital extremity trauma: an observational review of HEMS clinical practice. (PubMed, Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med) - "In this observational HEMS cohort selected for a trial of IMF, just over half of patients with acute traumatic limb injuries underwent prehospital manipulation and reduction without escalation to intravenous procedural sedation. Older age, pre-reduction analgesia, and patella injury were associated with success, but these findings are non-causal and should be interpreted cautiously."

Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Anesthesia • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics • Pain

APHP 180610: MAMI Use of the Methoxyflurane as pain-killer in the prehospital management of Acute Myocardial Infarction (clinicaltrialsregister.eu) - P2/3 | N=700 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Assistance Publique Hopitaux De Paris

New P2/3 trial • Cardiovascular • Myocardial Infarction • Pain

Patient and Staff Satisfaction With Use of Methoxyflurane in the Emergency Department. (PubMed, Emerg Med Australas) - "With a specific focus on patient and clinician experience for acute, short-term pain, methoxyflurane is a well-received and effective option for analgesia in the ED."

Journal • Pain