Mycobutin (rifabutin) / Pfizer, Lupin - LARVOL DELTA

Bone and joint tuberculosis: clinical manifestation, diagnostic techniques and drug resistance analysis. (PubMed, Front Cell Infect Microbiol) - "Unlike drug resistance patterns observed in other regions, streptomycin (29.6%) and rifabutin (18.2%) were the most frequently encountered first-line and second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, respectively...The application of GeneXpert MTB/RIF demonstrated significant diagnostic accuracy for BJTB. The control of MDR-TB remains a critical challenge in the management of BJTB in Central China."

Journal • Retrospective data • Infectious Disease • Pain • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Drug-induced immune-mediated uveitis: a real-world pharmacovigilance analysis using FAERS and JADER databases. (PubMed, BMJ Open Ophthalmol) - "Our study highlights the diverse range of drugs implicated in the occurrence or progression of IMU. These findings emphasise the need for early risk assessment, careful monitoring and positive intervention in managing treatments involving high-risk drugs. Future research should focus on elucidating underlying mechanisms and risk factors to develop safer therapeutic strategies."

Adverse events • Journal • Real-world evidence • Retrospective data • Inflammation • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Ocular Inflammation • Oncology • Ophthalmology • Uveitis

Toxoplasmic encephalitis unmasked during treatment for miliary tuberculosis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a case report and literature review. (PubMed, Trop Med Health) - "TE can emerge during immune recovery at CD4 counts > 100 cells/µL when corticosteroid administration coincides with early ART. In patients receiving tuberculosis treatment who develop new brain lesions soon after ART, T. gondii polymerase chain reaction and prompt antiparasitic therapy should be pursued. Rifabutin permits concomitant use of dolutegravir, and TMP-SMX desensitization allows effective treatment and prophylaxis."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pain • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • CD4

Genomic and Metabolic Profiling of the Endophytic Streptomyces hygroscopicus OsiSh-2 for Protective Bacterial Chemistry. (PubMed, J Agric Food Chem) - "Functional validation further demonstrated that two ansamycin compounds exhibited significant protective and curative effects against rice bacterial leaf blight and wheat Fusarium crown rot. Our findings reveal the vast untapped potential of endophytic Streptomyces and highlight the need for a further comprehensive characterization of their chemical repertoire and associated ecological functions."

Journal

Drug repurposing through pathway perturbation dynamics: A systems biology approach for precision oncology. (PubMed, Comput Methods Programs Biomed) - "This pathway-centric approach bridged mechanistic insights with translational applications, providing a paradigm shift for precision oncology drug discovery."

Journal • Colorectal Cancer • Lung Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

A Study of Rifabutin and MK-4646 in Healthy Participants (MK-4646-004) (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=18 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting

Enrollment closed

Rifabutin-Containing Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Review. (PubMed, J Infect Dis) - "These trials should focus on rifabutin dosing strategies, the incorporation of potassium-competitive acid blockers, evaluation of potential benefits from bismuth addition, and exploration of shorter, 7-day treatment durations. Establishing standardized susceptibility testing methods and clinical minimum inhibitory concentration breakpoints for rifabutin resistance is also important for a better understanding of its role in H. pylori treatment and for optimizing its use in both rescue and first-line therapies."

Journal • Review • Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma • Gastric Cancer • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Lymphoma • Marginal Zone Lymphoma • Oncology • Peptic Ulcer • Solid Tumor

Bartonella-associated glomerulonephritis without endocarditis in a renal transplant recipient. (PubMed, ASM Case Rep) - "The patient was started on renal replacement therapy and treated for disseminated bartonellosis with doxycycline and rifabutin. Regardless of the presence or absence of typical signs and symptoms of cat scratch disease and/or infective endocarditis, Bartonella spp. should be included in the differential diagnosis of glomerulonephritis in solid-organ transplant recipients and other immunocompromised patients with cats or other relevant exposures."

Journal • Acute Kidney Injury • Cardiovascular • Glomerulonephritis • Infectious Disease • Lupus Nephritis • Nephrology • Solid Organ Transplantation • Transplantation

Delayed diagnosis of disseminated Mycobacterium intracellulare subsp. chimaera infective endocarditis via cell-free metagenomic next-generation sequencing: a case report. (PubMed, ASM Case Rep) - "Treatment included rifabutin, ethambutol, azithromycin, and amikacin, alongside a prednisone taper prescribed for a previously diagnosed undifferentiated inflammatory process. chimaera. Finally, we discuss pharmacotherapeutic factors, including the need for multiple agents over long durations, in this case with specific considerations given to the dissemination of infection into the central nervous system and potential drug-drug interactions, including steroids."

Biomarker • Journal • Next-generation sequencing • Cardiovascular • Infectious Disease • Otorhinolaryngology

Establishing Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Helicobacter pylori Strains in Korea: A Model-Based Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Patterns. (PubMed, Gut Liver) - "The ECOFF for rifabutin could not be determined due to insufficient data. On the basis of these ECOFFs, the resistance rate was 17.9% for amoxicillin, 31.9% for clarithromycin, 40.9% for levofloxacin, 24.7% for metronidazole, and 11.5% for tetracycline. This comprehensive analysis defined regional antibiotic resistance patterns and established Korea-specific ECOFFs, providing a foundation for determining clinical breakpoints and optimizing H. pylori eradication strategies."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Drug-Induced IgA Vasculitis Due To Rifamycin (ACAAI 2025) - "The patient was then started on rifabutin and levofloxacin was discontinued. While most common in children, adults can also develop IgAV, rarely after exposure to antibiotics. Although rare, clinicians should be aware of IgAV as a possible adverse effect of rifamycin-class drugs to ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment."

Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • Vasculitis

A Study of Rifabutin and MK-4646 in Healthy Participants (MK-4646-004) (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=18 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting

Enrollment open

Cryoglobulin-Negative Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis in Sjögren Syndrome (KIDNEY WEEK 2025) - "Infectious workup revealed latent tuberculosis (TB), needing initiation of isoniazid and rifabutin...She received pulse IV methylprednisolone and subsequent 1mg/kg prednisone for 2 weeks with continued taper. Rituximab was given after 2 weeks of latent TB therapy with improvement in Cr to 2.9 mg/dl and proteinuria to (13g/g)...Fingerprint deposits are characteristic of lupus or cryoglobulinemia, and lack of serological and clinical evidence of lupus led to the diagnosis of cryoglobulinemic GN related to SS. Anti-CD20 therapies have been successfully used in patients with SS with cryoglobulinemia."

Acute Kidney Injury • Cardiovascular • Complement-mediated Rare Disorders • Glomerulonephritis • Heart Failure • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Lupus Nephritis • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Sjogren's Syndrome • Tuberculosis

Under Pressure: Granulomatous Liver Disease and Portal Hypertension in Disseminated MAC (ACG 2025) - "The patient was discharged on ethambutol, rifabutin, azithromycin, and IV amikacin. Fig 3. High-power (400X mag) Ziehl-Neelsen stain highlights abundant acid-fast bacilli."

Candidiasis • Cardiovascular • Fibrosis • Hepatology • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Portal Hypertension

An Estimation of Clarithromycin Resistance Among Hispanic Patients in Queens, New York: A Retrospective Study (ACG 2025) - "Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is a Gram negative bacteria which affects roughly half of the Latin American population. In total, 324 adult Hispanic patients of whom were prescribed clarithromycin based triple therapy, 239 completed treatment as prescribed, and 85 patients either did not take the medication or did not follow up to demonstrate eradication. After completion of triple therapy, H. pylori was eradicated in 187 (78.2%) treated patients. The current ACG guidelines recommend quadruple bismuth subsalicylate therapy over triple therapy based on 15% clarithromycin resistance rates across the US. However, H. pylori antibiotic susceptibility testing data is limited from the NYC area, with one study from the Bronx showing high clarithromycin resistance rates."

Retrospective data • Gastric Cancer • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease • Peptic Ulcer • Solid Tumor

Concomitant Cutaneous Crohn's Disease and Pyoderma Gangrenosum Without Intestinal Involvement Treated with Guselkumab and Antimicrobial Agents (ACG 2025) - "She was treated with infliximab, adalimumab, vedolizumab and upadacitinib and developed antibodies to the anti-TNFs and disease progression with all of these therapies...During her hospitalization she received oral prednisone and topical steroids, and she was discharged on guselkumab, a steroid taper, and empiric antimicrobial therapy with clarithromycin, rifabutin, and ciprofloxacin...D. Groin and labial lesions six weeks after treatment initiation."

Crohn's disease • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Pyoderma Gangrenosum

Paradoxical Intestinal Mycobacterium Avium Complex in a Young HIV-Positive Patient With Preserved CD4+ Count and Undetectable Viral Load: A Case Report (ACG 2025) - "The patient was prescribed azithromycin, rifabutin, and ethambutol. Imaging initially suggested rectal cancer, but biopsy confirmed MAC infection, highlighting the diagnostic value of tissue sampling. This atypical presentation challenges the assumption that MAC occurs only in severely immunocompromised patients and emphasizes the importance of maintaining a broad differential and clinical vigilance in HIV-positive individuals with systemic illness.Figure: Pelvic MRI on the left illustrates presacral soft tissue inflammation which suggests inflammatory and infectious changes."

Case report • Clinical • Anorexia • Colorectal Cancer • Fatigue • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Rectal Cancer • Solid Tumor • CD4

A Rare Case of Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis (ACG 2025) - "His case was reported to the Department of Health, and the patient was started on active TB treatment with rifabutin, isoniazid, pyridoxine, ethambutol, and levofloxacin. Gastrointestinal TB is a rare presentation of TB, particularly in the United States. The management of Gastrointestinal TB is similar to pulmonary TB. Early treatment is essential in avoiding complications such as strictures, perforation, or fistula formation.Figure: Figure A: Colon with erythematous, friable and ulcerated mucosa"

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Gout • Hepatology • Hypertension • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Metabolic Disorders • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Rheumatology • Tuberculosis • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • Vasculitis

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and genotypic characteristics of Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium abscessus isolated from cutaneous infections: A retrospective study. (PubMed, J Glob Antimicrob Resist) - "Our findings elucidate distinct antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of M. marinum and M. abscessus isolated from cutaneous infection in China, providing critical guidance for clinical treatment. Cutaneous M. abscessus isolates exhibit extensive drug resistance patterns. Subtyping and erm (41) polymorphism detection serve as reliable predictors of clari-thromycin resistance in M. abscessus."

Journal • Retrospective data • Dermatology • Infectious Disease

Low-Dose Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in a Critically Ill Patient with HIV/TB Coinfection: Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Outcomes. (PubMed, Infect Drug Resist) - "The patient received TMP-SMZ alongside anti-TB therapy (isoniazid, rifabutin, levofloxacin, linezolid), voriconazole, and antiretroviral therapy. This case reported the feasibility of low-dose TMP-SMZ for PJP prevention in high-risk, critically ill patients with HIV/TB coinfection, and described its PK characteristics. It provides a reference for optimizing prophylaxis in resource-limited settings or patients intolerant to standard regimens."

Clinical data • Journal • PK/PD data • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • CD4

Key resistance-associated mutations in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a genomic study from Shanghai, China, with a focus on aminoglycosides. (PubMed, BMC Microbiol) - "A total of 110 clinical isolates of MDR-TB were used for Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing to aminoglycosides, including amikacin, kanamycin, and streptomycin...The resistance rates to rifabutin, streptomycin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, and ethambutol were observed in 79.09%, 73.64%,35.45%, 34.55%, and 30.91%, respectively...K43R was observed in 86.15% of isolates with mutations in rpsL, followed by K88R at 13.85%. In conclusion, current critical concentration methods and the design of molecular diagnostics need to be revisited to provide more accurate assessments of streptomycin resistance for rspL mutation-bearing isolates."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

In vitro and In vivo activity of a novel Leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor against Mycobacterium abscessus (WBC 2024) - "BALB/c mice rendered neutropenic with intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide were infected through nasal instillation with M. abscessus ~106 CFU/mouse...When MRX-6038 was combined with clarithromycin, rifabutin, amikacin, and ethambutol, the resistance frequency was greatly reduced to below 2.9 × 10-10... MRX-6038 and its oral prodrug MRX-5 demonstrated potent activity against M. abscessus in in vitro and in vivo animal infection studies. Further investigation is warranted for the development of MRX-6038/MRX-5 as treatment for MABC-PD."

Preclinical • Infectious Disease • Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

PARADOXICAL IMMUNOSUPPRESSION FOR ULCERATIVE COLITIS LEADING TO DISSEMINATED MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS AND HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS (CHEST 2025) - "CASE PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old male with refractory UC on prednisone and infliximab and a history of pulmonary TB treated 40 years ago presented with dyspnea, fever, dry cough, and unintentional weight loss...He was diagnosed with miliary TB and Rifabutin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol were initiated...Dexamethasone was initiated, and the patient subsequently improved with both this treatment and continuation of TB pharmacotherapy...Early treatment with RIPE therapy and glucocorticoids resulted in the resolution of organ failure, emphasizing the importance of timely intervention and prevented need for etoposide initiation... This case highlights the complex interplay between TNF-α inhibitors, TB reactivation, and secondary HLH. underscores the need for vigilance in immunosuppressed patients, as TB reactivation can lead to life-threatening complications. Early recognition and prompt treatment with anti-TB therapy and immunomodulation are crucial for favorable..."

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome • Cough • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis • Hepatitis B • Immune Modulation • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Rare Diseases • Respiratory Diseases • Thrombocytopenia • Tuberculosis • Ulcerative Colitis • CXCL9 • IL2

A Study of Bedaquiline Administered as Part of a Treatment Regimen With Clarithromycin and Ethambutol in Adult Patients With Treatment-refractory Mycobacterium Avium Complex-lung Disease (MAC-LD) (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2/3 | N=129 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K. | Trial primary completion date: Feb 2025 ➔ Nov 2024

Trial primary completion date • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

FEELING BLUE: A CASE OF DAPSONE-INDUCED METHEMOGLOBINEMIA (CHEST 2025) - "CASE PRESENTATION: A 48-year-old African American male with medical history of HIV/AIDS on dapsone 100mg daily and 150mg rifabutin 150mg daily for prophylaxis presented for weakness of bilateral lower extremities. Dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia is a rare complication that requires clinical suspicion in a patient on chronic prophylaxis presenting with dyspnea or discrepancies between pulse oximetry and ABG. This case highlights the importance of maintaining a broad differential and performing thorough medical reconciliation."

Clinical • Hematological Disorders • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Solid Tumor