Intron A (interferon α-2b) / Merck (MSD), Biogen - LARVOL DELTA

Neoadjuvant chemokine modulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in resectable metastatic colorectal cancer: Results from a phase I study. (ASCO 2026) - P1/2 | "The chemokine-modulating (CKM) regimen, consisting of IFNα, rintatolimod (a selective TLR3 agonist), and celecoxib (a COX-2 inhibitor), also suppresses CCL22, a Treg-attracting chemokine in the TME... Neoadjuvant CKM regimen is safe and feasible in resectable metastatic CRC and is associated with improved ratios of CD8+ CTLs to FoxP3+ Tregs in the TME. Further studies combining CKM with immune checkpoint inhibitors and/or chemotherapy are warranted to evaluate the impact of preoperative TME modulation on long-term oncologic outcomes in CRC."

Biomarker • Clinical • IO biomarker • Metastases • P1 data • Tumor microenvironment • Colorectal Cancer • Immune Modulation • Immunology • Leukopenia • Neutropenia • Oncology • Solid Tumor • CCL2 • CCL22 • CD8 • CXCL10 • CXCL11 • CXCL9 • FOXP3 • IFNA1

Association between circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients (pts) with resected stage III melanoma: An exploratory analysis of SWOG S1404. (ASCO 2024) - P3 | " This study included 92 pts with resected stage III melanoma enrolled in a phase 3 trial (NCT02506153) that evaluated the efficacy of adjuvant pembrolizumab compared to interferon alfa-2b or ipilimumab in pts with stage IIIA(N2a)-IV resected melanoma... In this study, pre-Tx incidence of ctDNA+ after surgical resection was low, potentially related to limited plasma yield. However, the ctDNA positivity rate increased in subsequent serial testing. ctDNA might help identify early disease recurrence in patients with melanoma in the adjuvant setting, but further studies of larger cohorts accounting for treatment effect with more uniform pre-analytic collection are needed."

Circulating tumor DNA • Clinical • Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor • BRAF

Intravesical nadofaragene firadenovec gene therapy for BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a single-arm, open-label, repeat-dose clinical trial. (PubMed, Lancet Oncol) - P3 | "Intravesical nadofaragene firadenovec was efficacious, with a favourable benefit:risk ratio, in patients with BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. This represents a novel treatment option in a therapeutically challenging disease state."

Clinical • Journal • Bladder Cancer • Gene Therapies • Genito-urinary Cancer • Nephrology • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Urothelial Cancer

EFFICACY OF INTRAVESICAL NADOFARAGENE FIRADENOVEC FOR PATIENTS WITH BCG-UNRESPONSIVE CARCINOMA IN SITU OF THE BLADDER: 36-MONTH FOLLOW-UP FROM A PHASE 3 TRIAL (SUO 2023) - P3 | "Intravesical nadofaragene firadenovec, administered once every three months, demonstrated a sustained durability of response in patients with BCG-unresponsive CIS±Ta/T1 papillary disease. Nadofaragene firadenovec represents a novel treatment option for BCG-unresponsive NMIBC with a favorable benefit-to-risk ratio. *All patients had passed 36 months at data cutoff on 09 September 2021."

Clinical • P3 data • Bladder Cancer • Gene Therapies • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Blueprint for CFTR E2-27 Super-Exon Cargo: Multi-Generation Optimization of Sequence Components (NACFC 2026) - "Through systematic head-to-head evaluation, the CFTR SE 4.3 design emerged as the strongest overall candidate with regards to protein production. Further comparisons with CFTR functional rescue and mRNA stability are in progress. Establishing this benchmark enables statistically rigorous optimization of SE components and supports advancement of a broadly applicable SE-based gene-editing strategy to restore CFTR function in nearly all individuals with CF."

CFTR

Interferon alfa-2b in patients with low-grade lymphomatoid granulomatosis and chemotherapy with DA-EPOCH-R in patients with high-grade lymphomatoid granulomatosis: an open-label, single-centre, phase 2 trial. (PubMed, Lancet Haematol) - P2 | "Interferon alfa-2b is efficacious for treating low-grade lymphomatoid granulomatosis and hence reducing progression to high-grade disease, whereas patients with high-grade lymphomatoid granulomatosis showed expected responses to chemotherapy. Uncontrolled immune regulation of Epstein-Barr virus is hypothesised to result in the emergence of low-grade disease after chemotherapy, for which treatment with interferon alfa-2b is efficacious."

Journal • P2 data • Allergy • Cardiovascular • Epstein-Barr Virus Infections • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Indolent Lymphoma • Infectious Disease • Leukopenia • Lymphoma • Neutropenia • Oncology

Updated oncolytic viruses for the treatment of bladder cancer: a systematic review. (PubMed, Iran J Microbiol) - "Various oncolytic viruses were investigated, either as monotherapies or in combination with other agents, including Vaccinia virus, Adenovirus, Oncolytic adenovirus ONYX, Coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21), oncolytic CVA21 (V937), attenuated measles virus (MV-NIS virus), recombinant adenovirus (rAd), and a serotype 5 adenovirus engineered to express GM-CSF...The common virus was the non-replicative recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5), which encodes human interferon alfa-2b (IFNα2b) a cytokine with anti-tumor properties. It is administered via intravesical instillation and has received FDA approval."

Journal • Review • Bladder Cancer • Genito-urinary Cancer • Infectious Disease • Measles • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Urology • CSF2 • IFNA1

Therapy-Associated Vitiligo: Hypopigmentation Secondary to Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Inhibitors, Interferon Alfa-2b, Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 Inhibitors, and B-Raf/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Inhibitors. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Even rare cases in BRAF/MEK-treated patients suggest that targeted therapy may also influence melanocyte-directed immunity. Further prospective studies are needed to characterize the clinical and immunologic significance of treatment-associated vitiligo."

IO biomarker • Journal • Dermatology • Immunology • Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Vitiligo • BRAF • CTLA4 • IFNA1

Junshi-JS001-010: The Study of JS001 Compared to High-Dose Interferon In Patients With Mucosal Melanoma That Has Been Removed by Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=6 | Terminated | Sponsor: Shanghai Junshi Bioscience Co., Ltd. | N=220 ➔ 6 | Active, not recruiting ➔ Terminated; The study strategy was adjusted, and the company decided to terminate the study early

Enrollment change • Trial termination • Melanoma • Mucosal Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor

E3611: Ipilimumab With or Without High-Dose Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2b in Treating Patients With Stage III-IV Melanoma That Cannot Be Removed by Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=88 | Completed | Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed | Trial completion date: Mar 2027 ➔ May 2026

Trial completion • Trial completion date • Cutaneous Melanoma • Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Interferon Receptor Chain Deficiency in Murine Friend Erythroleukemia Cell Clone Resistant to Type I or Type I and II Interferons. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Interestingly, the absence of major transcripts of the IFNAR2 receptor chain has been observed in type I IFN-resistant cells, and a point mutation relative to the IFNGR2 receptor chain (β chain) has been identified in type II IFN-resistant cells, inducing a frameshift leading to premature termination of translation. In addition, we have identified a new polymorphism of the murine IFNAR1 chain and possibly the presence of a murine IFNAR2b transmembrane, non-transducing chain in 745A cells, similar to that observed in humans and differing from previous reports on other murine systems."

Journal • Preclinical • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology • IFNAR1 • IFNAR2

Comment on: Efficacy and safety of posterior subtenon interferon alfa-2B injection in recurrent inflammatory macular edema. (PubMed, Indian J Ophthalmol) - No abstract available

Journal • Macular Edema • Ophthalmology

Authors' Response: Posterior subtenon interferon alfa-2B injection in inflammatory macular edema. (PubMed, Indian J Ophthalmol) - No abstract available

Journal • Macular Edema • Ophthalmology

APOL1 risk genotypes influence DNA methylation across multiple genomic elements in APOL1-APOL4- MYH9 region in African Americans. (PubMed, Clin Epigenetics) - "APOL1 risk alleles are associated with complex DNA methylation alterations across the APOL1-APOL4-MYH9 region, potentially regulating multiple genes within this locus. APOL1 risk-associated CpGs may represent therapeutic targets for APOL1-related kidney diseases."

Journal • Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Nephrology • Renal Disease • CST3

E3611: Ipilimumab With or Without High-Dose Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2b in Treating Patients With Stage III-IV Melanoma That Cannot Be Removed by Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=88 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Mar 2026 ➔ Mar 2027

Trial completion date • Breast Cancer • Cutaneous Melanoma • Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor

E1609: Ipilimumab or High-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b in Treating Patients With High-Risk Stage III-IV Melanoma That Has Been Removed by Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=1673 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Mar 2026 ➔ Feb 2027

Trial completion date • Cutaneous Melanoma • Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor • IFNA1

NCI-2019-01192: Aspirin and Rintatolimod With or Without Interferon-alpha 2b in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer Before Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=12 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Roswell Park Cancer Institute | Trial completion date: Nov 2026 ➔ Apr 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2025 ➔ Apr 2027

Biomarker • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Prostate Adenocarcinoma • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor

Alopecia in cancer immunotherapy: Incidence and patterns with monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates (AACR 2026) - "Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), including datopotamab deruxtecan, trastuzumab deruxtecan, tisotumab vedotin, enfortumab vedotin, and disitamab vedotin, showed the highest rates of alopecia, ranging from 37% to 56% (predominantly grade 1-2)...In contrast, immune checkpoint inhibitors such as cemiplimab (anti-PD-1) and trastuzumab (anti-HER2) were rarely associated with alopecia (1-2.2% incidence, grade 1-2) in lung and breast cancer patients, respectively...In contrast, antibody-only and interferon therapies demonstrated substantially lower rates (1-28%). Recognizing these trends across biologic classes can help clinicians set patient expectations, guide counseling, and implement supportive measures for those experiencing hair loss throughout treatment."

ADC • Breast Cancer • HER2 Breast Cancer • HER2 Positive Breast Cancer • Lung Cancer • Melanoma • Non Small Cell Lung Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • IFNAR2 • TOP1

Decoding the SHOX2 Methylation-Expression Paradox in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Dual-Regulatory Methylation Patterns Drive Oncogenic Activation and Prognostic Relevance. (PubMed, Cancer Lett) - "Our findings redefine epigenetic regulation in LUAD, demonstrating that regional methylation patterns-not global promoter status-orchestrate oncogene activation. We propose a novel framework for spatially resolved methylomics, advocating 1) dual-target assays monitoring both promoter and gene body methylation to improve diagnostic precision, and 2) therapeutic exploitation of SHOX2's intronic methylome as a druggable epigenetic switch."

Journal • Lung Adenocarcinoma • Lung Cancer • Non Small Cell Lung Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • SHOX2

SWOG S1404: Physician/Patient Choice of Either High-Dose Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2B or Ipilimumab, Versus Pembrolizumab in Treating Patients With Stage III-IV High Risk Melanoma That Has Been Removed by Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=1378 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI)

New P3 trial • Breast Cancer • Cutaneous Melanoma • Melanoma • Mucosal Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor • CD4

SWOG S1404: Physician/Patient Choice of Either High-Dose Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2B or Ipilimumab, Versus Pembrolizumab in Treating Patients With Stage III-IV High Risk Melanoma That Has Been Removed by Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=1345 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Trial completion date • Breast Cancer • Cutaneous Melanoma • Melanoma • Mucosal Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor • CD4

SWOG S1404: Physician/Patient Choice of Either High-Dose Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2B or Ipilimumab, Versus Pembrolizumab in Treating Patients With Stage III-IV High Risk Melanoma That Has Been Removed by Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=1301 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Jan 2025 ➔ Jan 2026

Trial completion date • Breast Cancer • Cutaneous Melanoma • Melanoma • Mucosal Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor • CD4

SWOG S1404: Physician/Patient Choice of Either High-Dose Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2B or Ipilimumab, Versus Pembrolizumab in Treating Patients With Stage III-IV High Risk Melanoma That Has Been Removed by Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=1301 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Jan 2026 ➔ Jan 2027

Trial completion date • Breast Cancer • Cutaneous Melanoma • Melanoma • Mucosal Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor • CD4

SWOG S1404: Physician/Patient Choice of Either High-Dose Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2B or Ipilimumab, Versus Pembrolizumab in Treating Patients With Stage III-IV High Risk Melanoma That Has Been Removed by Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=1378 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2020 ➔ Sep 2023

Trial primary completion date • Breast Cancer • Cutaneous Melanoma • Melanoma • Mucosal Melanoma • CD4

SWOG S1404: Physician/Patient Choice of Either High-Dose Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2B or Ipilimumab, Versus Pembrolizumab in Treating Patients With Stage III-IV High Risk Melanoma That Has Been Removed by Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=1378 | Recruiting | Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting

Breast Cancer • Cutaneous Melanoma • Melanoma • Mucosal Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor • CD4