Intron A (interferon α-2b) / Merck (MSD), Biogen - LARVOL DELTA

Association between circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients (pts) with resected stage III melanoma: An exploratory analysis of SWOG S1404. (ASCO 2024) - P3 | " This study included 92 pts with resected stage III melanoma enrolled in a phase 3 trial (NCT02506153) that evaluated the efficacy of adjuvant pembrolizumab compared to interferon alfa-2b or ipilimumab in pts with stage IIIA(N2a)-IV resected melanoma... In this study, pre-Tx incidence of ctDNA+ after surgical resection was low, potentially related to limited plasma yield. However, the ctDNA positivity rate increased in subsequent serial testing. ctDNA might help identify early disease recurrence in patients with melanoma in the adjuvant setting, but further studies of larger cohorts accounting for treatment effect with more uniform pre-analytic collection are needed."

Circulating tumor DNA • Clinical • Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor • BRAF

Study on the Impact and Safety of Vaginal Lactobacillus Viable Capsules on the Clearance Rate of High‑Risk HPV Infection in Postmenopausal Women (ChiCTR) - P4 | N=222 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine

New P4 trial • Human Papillomavirus Infection • Infectious Disease

Interferon alfa-2b in patients with low-grade lymphomatoid granulomatosis and chemotherapy with DA-EPOCH-R in patients with high-grade lymphomatoid granulomatosis: an open-label, single-centre, phase 2 trial. (PubMed, Lancet Haematol) - P2 | "Interferon alfa-2b is efficacious for treating low-grade lymphomatoid granulomatosis and hence reducing progression to high-grade disease, whereas patients with high-grade lymphomatoid granulomatosis showed expected responses to chemotherapy. Uncontrolled immune regulation of Epstein-Barr virus is hypothesised to result in the emergence of low-grade disease after chemotherapy, for which treatment with interferon alfa-2b is efficacious."

Journal • P2 data • Allergy • Cardiovascular • Epstein-Barr Virus Infections • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Indolent Lymphoma • Infectious Disease • Leukopenia • Lymphoma • Neutropenia • Oncology

Intravesical nadofaragene firadenovec gene therapy for BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a single-arm, open-label, repeat-dose clinical trial. (PubMed, Lancet Oncol) - P3 | "Intravesical nadofaragene firadenovec was efficacious, with a favourable benefit:risk ratio, in patients with BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. This represents a novel treatment option in a therapeutically challenging disease state."

Clinical • Journal • Bladder Cancer • Gene Therapies • Genito-urinary Cancer • Nephrology • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Urothelial Cancer

EFFICACY OF INTRAVESICAL NADOFARAGENE FIRADENOVEC FOR PATIENTS WITH BCG-UNRESPONSIVE CARCINOMA IN SITU OF THE BLADDER: 36-MONTH FOLLOW-UP FROM A PHASE 3 TRIAL (SUO 2023) - P3 | "Intravesical nadofaragene firadenovec, administered once every three months, demonstrated a sustained durability of response in patients with BCG-unresponsive CIS±Ta/T1 papillary disease. Nadofaragene firadenovec represents a novel treatment option for BCG-unresponsive NMIBC with a favorable benefit-to-risk ratio. *All patients had passed 36 months at data cutoff on 09 September 2021."

Clinical • P3 data • Bladder Cancer • Gene Therapies • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Rintatolimod and IFN Alpha-2b for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Cancer Patients (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1/2 | N=4 | Terminated | Sponsor: Roswell Park Cancer Institute | N=64 ➔ 4 | Suspended ➔ Terminated; Low accrual

Enrollment change • Trial termination • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Myelodysplastic Syndrome • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Oncology • Solid Tumor • CCL22

Phase II trial of interleukin-12 followed by interferon alfa-2b in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma: Results from CALGB 500001 (Alliance). (PubMed, Cancer Immunol Res) - "Combination therapy was reasonably well-tolerated but conferred marginal benefit in patients with metastatic melanoma. These results can inform future studies that employ recombinant IL-12 or novel IL-12 constructs."

Journal • P2 data • Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor • IFNA1 • IFNG • IL12A • STAT1 • STAT2

Allogenic donor-derived cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells as a safe post-transplant treatment for disease recurrence in the setting of HLA-mismatched donors (ASH 2025) - P1/2 | "Starting from thefirst CIK infusion, the median follow-up is 9.6 months (IQR 4.6-20.1), with a median overall survival (OS)and progression-free survival (PFS) of 31.2 months (IQR 14.6-not reached) and 10.1 months (IQR 3.2-notreached), respectively. Patients in CR with positive MRD/MC at the time of CIK cell infusion, showed anumerically better OS and PFS compared to AD: median OS not reached vs 9.8 months (p=0.251) andmedian PFS 13.6 months vs 4.7 months (p=0.204) for CR with positive MRD/MC and AD respectively.ConclusionsIn conclusion, allogeneic CIK cell infusion for post-HCT relapse confirms a safe profile also in themismatched donor setting, with a promising anti-leukemia activity, particularly in MRD relapses or MC.Our results pave the way to plan an early prophylactic use of CIK cells in all patients at higher risk ofrelapse after HCT."

Post-transplantation • Acute Graft versus Host Disease • Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Chronic Graft versus Host Disease • Graft versus Host Disease • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Leukemia • Myelodysplastic Syndrome • Myelofibrosis • Transplantation • CD8 • IFNG • IL2 • NCAM1

Assessing cortisol levels in non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia: focus on the V281L variant. (PubMed, Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab) - "Recent guidelines about Non-classical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (NCCAH) indicate that if the peak cortisol response to the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test is <14-18 µg/dL (monoclonal/polyclonal assay), it may be essential to augment the hydrocortisone dosage during significant stress events...Differences were observed between the 0' and peak cortisol levels in the V281L groups, with post hoc analysis indicating a difference between one allele heterozygous (mild/undefined) and mild/severe group. Our findings emphasize that a significant portion of patients with the mild/mild V281 mutation exhibit inadequate cortisol responses, highlighting the importance of the ACTH stimulation test in diagnosis and the need for careful monitoring in clinical treatment, as well as consideration of genotype variations."

Journal • Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia • Endocrine Disorders • CYP1A2 • CYP21A2

BALLAD OF THE BUGS: AN UNCOMMON PRESENTATION OF ASCENDING PARALYSIS DUE TO NEUROINVASIVE WEST NILE VIRUS IN RURAL KENTUCKY (CHEST 2025) - "WNV first emerged in New York City in 1999 and has maintained its presence with an annual incidence of neuroinvasive disease of 0.44 per 100,000 people (3,10). Of recommended medical treatment for West Nile virus, consensus on advanced therapies has yet to be achieved. While there have been varied case reports and series promoting successes of variant treatments (IVIG, interferon alfa-2b, combination approach, etc), few have yielded supporting power to influence change in management."

Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Endocrine Disorders • Epilepsy • Hypertension • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Metabolic Disorders • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Comprehensive analysis of the role of ASC1 and APE2 introns on cellular fitness, transcription, and post-transcriptional dynamics. (PubMed, FEBS J) - "These results suggest that the introns of both genes affect the expression of their genes at the level of transcription, mRNA stability, and nucleocytoplasmic transport of mRNA. Furthermore, both ASC1 and APE2 introns affect the fitness of cells in terms of growth rate and the ability to grow on different carbon sources."

Journal

IFN-alpha 2b treatment for cervical dysplasia (FIGO 2025) - P1 | "The combination treatment with systemic and local interferon therapy was significantly effective than local treatment. Name of public trials registry in which the study has prospective registration: NCT06137950. URL of registration: https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/beta/studies/S000BFVQ00000049/recordSummary."

Cervical Cancer • Gynecology • Human Papillomavirus Infection • Infectious Disease • IFNA1

Artificial Intelligence in the diagnosis of non-melanoma skin cancer and treatment with the combination of interferon alfa 2b and gamma (EADV 2025) - "The combination of interferon alfa 2b and gamma is a valuable therapeutic option for managing NMSC, enabling aesthetic surgical intervention and improving patient quality of life. AI proves to be a necessary, accurate, and accessible tool for early NMSC diagnosis, supporting dermatologists in making timely and precise clinical decisions. The integration of AI in dermatology holds promise for optimizing patient outcomes and revolutionizing skin cancer management."

Basal Cell Carcinoma • Dermatology • Genetic Disorders • Non-melanoma Skin Cancer • Skin Cancer • Solid Tumor • Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Chylothorax in Gorham-Stout Disease: Case Report and Systematic Review (ERS 2025) - "Treatment includes sirolimus, bisphosphonates, interferon alfa-2b, and dietary measures... Early diagnosis and a multimodal approach are key to managing chylothorax in GSD, preventing recurrences, and improving outcomes. ChatGPT was used to improve clarity. Authors reviewed and approved the final text, with full responsability."

Case report • Clinical • Review • Cough • Pulmonary Disease • Rare Diseases • Respiratory Diseases

Efficacy and safety of posterior subtenon interferon alfa-2B injection in recurrent inflammatory macular edema. (PubMed, Indian J Ophthalmol) - "The study demonstrates the potential short-term efficacy of PSII in reducing CMT and improving BCVA in patients with recurrent IME. Further research is needed to optimize dosing protocols and explore long-term efficacy."

Journal • Anesthesia • Macular Edema • Ocular Infections • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Uveitis

NCI-2019-01192: Aspirin and Rintatolimod With or Without Interferon-alpha 2b in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer Before Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=12 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Roswell Park Cancer Institute | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting | N=30 ➔ 12 | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2026 ➔ Jun 2025

Biomarker • Enrollment change • Enrollment closed • Trial primary completion date • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Prostate Adenocarcinoma • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor

Cysteine Mutagenesis of a Group II Intron-Encoded Protein Supports Splicing, Mobility, and Site-Specific Labeling. (PubMed, Biochemistry) - "Labeled IEPs retained activity and were successfully used to monitor RNA binding and RNP assembly under native conditions. These findings highlight the structural flexibility of IEP-intron interactions and demonstrate that site-specific IEP labeling enables real-time visualization of RNP assembly and dynamics."

Journal

Population Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Serum M-Protein Response for Modakafusp Alfa in a Phase 1/2 Study of Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma. (PubMed, Clin Transl Sci) - "Serum MP data from patients evaluable at baseline were adequately characterized using the Claret tumor growth inhibition and drug resistance model, with antitumor drug effect using an Emax model. The population PK and PK-PD modeling results supported model-informed drug development for modakafusp alfa, including the switch from weight-based to fixed dosing and the selection of two fixed doses for the randomized dose extension (Part 3) phase of the trial to inform future optimal dose selection, which is consistent with the Project Optimus paradigm."

Clinical • IO biomarker • Journal • P1/2 data • PK/PD data • Hematological Malignancies • Multiple Myeloma • Oncology

Polarized Dendritic Cell (aDC1) Based Treatment, Interferon Alpha-2, Rintatolimod, and Celecoxib for the Treatment of HLA-A2+ Refractory Melanoma (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=1 | Terminated | Sponsor: Roswell Park Cancer Institute | Trial completion date: Apr 2026 ➔ Jun 2025 | Active, not recruiting ➔ Terminated; Funding completed

Trial completion date • Trial termination • Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Knockdown-resistance (kdr) mutations in Indian Aedes aegypti populations: Lack of recombination among haplotypes bearing V1016G, F1534C, and F1534L kdr alleles. (PubMed, PLoS Negl Trop Dis) - "Five kdr mutations were identified in the VGSC of Indian Ae. aegypti populations, each showing a definitive linkage with one of the two types of intron haplotypes. The lack of recombination among haplogroups bearing 1016G with 989P, 1534C and 1534L mutations suggests that the most potent insecticide resistance haplotype, bearing the triple kdr mutation, is currently absent. This finding has significant operational implications, as it may indicate that current vector control measures remain effective against these populations, potentially delaying the emergence of highly resistant phenotypes."

Journal

Polarized Dendritic Cell (aDC1) Based Treatment, Interferon Alpha-2, Rintatolimod, and Celecoxib for the Treatment of HLA-A2+ Refractory Melanoma (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=1 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Roswell Park Cancer Institute | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting | N=24 ➔ 1 | Trial completion date: Nov 2027 ➔ Apr 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2027 ➔ Apr 2025

Enrollment change • Enrollment closed • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Systemic Infusion of dsRNA (Rintatolimod) plus IFNa Selectively Enhances Intratumoral CTL Influx in Cancer Patients (IMMUNOLOGY 2025) - P1, P1/2, P2, P2a | "It showed very good tolerability, average 10.3-fold increase in intratumoral CTL markers and preliminary signals of clinical activity (1 objective response, 50% survival of >4 years), when followed by pembrolizumab. Analogous CTL increases were also seen on study NCT04081389 (neoadjuvant CKM/chemotherapy in TNBC) and NCT03403634 (liver-metastatic colon cancer). Ongoing studies NCT04093323 (PD1-resistant solid tumors), NCT02432378 (advanced ovarian cancer), test the clinical efficacy of concomitant application of CKM with PD1 blockade and/or DC vaccines.Keywords: Animals Human; Cells T Cells; Molecules Chemokines; Processes Cell Trafficking Chemotaxis"

Clinical • IO biomarker • Breast Cancer • Colon Cancer • Colorectal Cancer • Oncology • Ovarian Cancer • Solid Tumor • Triple Negative Breast Cancer • TLR3

Investigation into the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of recombinant human interferon alfa-2b vaginal suppository following process optimization in chinese rhesus macaque. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "The important parameters of PK/PD meet the equivalence requirements, and biological activity of the recombinant human interferon Alfa-2b vaginal suppository stock solution after purification process change is no different from before the change. Under the same active dose administration conditions, the same biological effects were produced, achieving the same effect as before the change."

Journal • PK/PD data • Infectious Disease • B2M

U.S. Incidence and Demographics of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia in the IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) 2014-2021. (PubMed, Ophthalmology) - "This is the first study to use the IRIS® Registry as a database for the incidence and demographics of OSSN. Our demographic results are consistent with other studies showing a higher incidence in older, White, and male patients. This study demonstrated that as of 2021 there are at least 2,100 new OSSN cases per year in the U.S and that incidence increased from 2014-2021. The use of the topical immuno-chemotherapy IFN remained a popular treatment modality for OSSN from 2014 through 2021."

Journal • Oncology • Squamous Cell Carcinoma

E3611: Ipilimumab With or Without High-Dose Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2b in Treating Patients With Stage III-IV Melanoma That Cannot Be Removed by Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=88 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Mar 2025 ➔ Mar 2026

Trial completion date • Cutaneous Melanoma • Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor