Intron A (interferon α-2b) / Merck (MSD), Biogen - LARVOL DELTA

Efficacy and safety of posterior subtenon interferon alfa-2B injection in recurrent inflammatory macular edema. (PubMed, Indian J Ophthalmol) - "The study demonstrates the potential short-term efficacy of PSII in reducing CMT and improving BCVA in patients with recurrent IME. Further research is needed to optimize dosing protocols and explore long-term efficacy."

Journal • Anesthesia • Macular Edema • Ocular Infections • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Uveitis

Artificial Intelligence in the diagnosis of non-melanoma skin cancer and treatment with the combination of interferon alfa 2b and gamma (EADV 2025) - "The combination of interferon alfa 2b and gamma is a valuable therapeutic option for managing NMSC, enabling aesthetic surgical intervention and improving patient quality of life. AI proves to be a necessary, accurate, and accessible tool for early NMSC diagnosis, supporting dermatologists in making timely and precise clinical decisions. The integration of AI in dermatology holds promise for optimizing patient outcomes and revolutionizing skin cancer management."

Basal Cell Carcinoma • Dermatology • Genetic Disorders • Non-melanoma Skin Cancer • Skin Cancer • Solid Tumor • Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Chylothorax in Gorham-Stout Disease: Case Report and Systematic Review (ERS 2025) - "Treatment includes sirolimus, bisphosphonates, interferon alfa-2b, and dietary measures... Early diagnosis and a multimodal approach are key to managing chylothorax in GSD, preventing recurrences, and improving outcomes. ChatGPT was used to improve clarity. Authors reviewed and approved the final text, with full responsability."

Case report • Clinical • Review • Cough • Pulmonary Disease • Rare Diseases • Respiratory Diseases

NCI-2019-01192: Aspirin and Rintatolimod With or Without Interferon-alpha 2b in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer Before Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=12 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Roswell Park Cancer Institute | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting | N=30 ➔ 12 | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2026 ➔ Jun 2025

Biomarker • Enrollment change • Enrollment closed • Trial primary completion date • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Prostate Adenocarcinoma • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor

Cysteine Mutagenesis of a Group II Intron-Encoded Protein Supports Splicing, Mobility, and Site-Specific Labeling. (PubMed, Biochemistry) - "Labeled IEPs retained activity and were successfully used to monitor RNA binding and RNP assembly under native conditions. These findings highlight the structural flexibility of IEP-intron interactions and demonstrate that site-specific IEP labeling enables real-time visualization of RNP assembly and dynamics."

Journal

Population Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Serum M-Protein Response for Modakafusp Alfa in a Phase 1/2 Study of Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma. (PubMed, Clin Transl Sci) - "Serum MP data from patients evaluable at baseline were adequately characterized using the Claret tumor growth inhibition and drug resistance model, with antitumor drug effect using an Emax model. The population PK and PK-PD modeling results supported model-informed drug development for modakafusp alfa, including the switch from weight-based to fixed dosing and the selection of two fixed doses for the randomized dose extension (Part 3) phase of the trial to inform future optimal dose selection, which is consistent with the Project Optimus paradigm."

Clinical • IO biomarker • Journal • P1/2 data • PK/PD data • Hematological Malignancies • Multiple Myeloma • Oncology

Polarized Dendritic Cell (aDC1) Based Treatment, Interferon Alpha-2, Rintatolimod, and Celecoxib for the Treatment of HLA-A2+ Refractory Melanoma (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=1 | Terminated | Sponsor: Roswell Park Cancer Institute | Trial completion date: Apr 2026 ➔ Jun 2025 | Active, not recruiting ➔ Terminated; Funding completed

Trial completion date • Trial termination • Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Knockdown-resistance (kdr) mutations in Indian Aedes aegypti populations: Lack of recombination among haplotypes bearing V1016G, F1534C, and F1534L kdr alleles. (PubMed, PLoS Negl Trop Dis) - "Five kdr mutations were identified in the VGSC of Indian Ae. aegypti populations, each showing a definitive linkage with one of the two types of intron haplotypes. The lack of recombination among haplogroups bearing 1016G with 989P, 1534C and 1534L mutations suggests that the most potent insecticide resistance haplotype, bearing the triple kdr mutation, is currently absent. This finding has significant operational implications, as it may indicate that current vector control measures remain effective against these populations, potentially delaying the emergence of highly resistant phenotypes."

Journal

Polarized Dendritic Cell (aDC1) Based Treatment, Interferon Alpha-2, Rintatolimod, and Celecoxib for the Treatment of HLA-A2+ Refractory Melanoma (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=1 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Roswell Park Cancer Institute | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting | N=24 ➔ 1 | Trial completion date: Nov 2027 ➔ Apr 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2027 ➔ Apr 2025

Enrollment change • Enrollment closed • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Systemic Infusion of dsRNA (Rintatolimod) plus IFNa Selectively Enhances Intratumoral CTL Influx in Cancer Patients (IMMUNOLOGY 2025) - P1, P1/2, P2, P2a | "It showed very good tolerability, average 10.3-fold increase in intratumoral CTL markers and preliminary signals of clinical activity (1 objective response, 50% survival of >4 years), when followed by pembrolizumab. Analogous CTL increases were also seen on study NCT04081389 (neoadjuvant CKM/chemotherapy in TNBC) and NCT03403634 (liver-metastatic colon cancer). Ongoing studies NCT04093323 (PD1-resistant solid tumors), NCT02432378 (advanced ovarian cancer), test the clinical efficacy of concomitant application of CKM with PD1 blockade and/or DC vaccines.Keywords: Animals Human; Cells T Cells; Molecules Chemokines; Processes Cell Trafficking Chemotaxis"

Clinical • IO biomarker • Breast Cancer • Colon Cancer • Colorectal Cancer • Oncology • Ovarian Cancer • Solid Tumor • Triple Negative Breast Cancer • TLR3

Investigation into the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of recombinant human interferon alfa-2b vaginal suppository following process optimization in chinese rhesus macaque. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "The important parameters of PK/PD meet the equivalence requirements, and biological activity of the recombinant human interferon Alfa-2b vaginal suppository stock solution after purification process change is no different from before the change. Under the same active dose administration conditions, the same biological effects were produced, achieving the same effect as before the change."

Journal • PK/PD data • Infectious Disease • B2M

U.S. Incidence and Demographics of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia in the IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) 2014-2021. (PubMed, Ophthalmology) - "This is the first study to use the IRIS® Registry as a database for the incidence and demographics of OSSN. Our demographic results are consistent with other studies showing a higher incidence in older, White, and male patients. This study demonstrated that as of 2021 there are at least 2,100 new OSSN cases per year in the U.S and that incidence increased from 2014-2021. The use of the topical immuno-chemotherapy IFN remained a popular treatment modality for OSSN from 2014 through 2021."

Journal • Oncology • Squamous Cell Carcinoma

E3611: Ipilimumab With or Without High-Dose Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2b in Treating Patients With Stage III-IV Melanoma That Cannot Be Removed by Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=88 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Mar 2025 ➔ Mar 2026

Trial completion date • Cutaneous Melanoma • Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor

E1609: Ipilimumab or High-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b in Treating Patients With High-Risk Stage III-IV Melanoma That Has Been Removed by Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=1673 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Mar 2025 ➔ Mar 2026

Trial completion date • Cutaneous Melanoma • Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor • IFNA1

NCI-2019-01192: Aspirin and Rintatolimod With or Without Interferon-alpha 2b in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer Before Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=30 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Roswell Park Cancer Institute | Suspended ➔ Recruiting | Trial completion date: May 2026 ➔ Nov 2026 | Trial primary completion date: May 2026 ➔ Nov 2026

Biomarker • Enrollment open • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Prostate Adenocarcinoma • Prostate Cancer • Solid Tumor

Interferon Alpha Therapy for Cervical CINI and HPV Infection (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=60 | Completed | Sponsor: Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences | Recruiting ➔ Completed | N=90 ➔ 60 | Trial completion date: Sep 2024 ➔ Mar 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Mar 2024 ➔ Nov 2024

Enrollment change • Trial completion • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Gynecology • Human Papillomavirus Infection • Infectious Disease

Co-transcriptional splicing is delayed in the highly expressed thyroglobulin gene. (PubMed, J Cell Sci) - "We speculate that this phenomenon is due to the abnormally high transcriptional rate of the Tg gene, which might lead to a localized deficiency in splicing factors and, consequently, delayed spliceosome assembly on thousands of nascent transcripts decorating the gene. Additionally, we found that, in contrast to what is seen for short introns (50 kb) is spliced promptly, providing further support for the idea that intron length might modulate splicing speed."

Journal • TG

Malignant Melanoma of the Tongue: A Systematic Review (EADO-WCM 2025) - "Given the limited evidence base, collaborative efforts among clinicians, pathologists, and oncologists are vital to advancing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Future research focusing on larger case series, genetic pathways, and novel therapies is needed to bridge current knowledge gaps and improve outcomes for this rare and aggressive malignancy."

IO biomarker • Review • Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor

SWOG-S0518: Octreotide Acetate and Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2b or Bevacizumab in Treating Patients With Metastatic or Locally Advanced, High-Risk Neuroendocrine Tumor (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=427 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Jan 2025 ➔ Jan 2026

Trial completion date • Endocrine Cancer • Gastric Cancer • Neuroendocrine Tumor • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Thyroid Gland Carcinoma • Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma

Time-to-Rebound Measurements in ATI Trials With bNAb Intervention Are Confounded by Autologous NAbs (CROI 2025) - P1 | "Participants in the NCT03588715 (BEAT2) clinical trial received six infusions of the bNAbs 3BNC117 and 10-1074, and thirty doses of IFNa2b...Higher proportions of replication-competent outgrowth viruses neutralized by aNAbs was associated with a more delayed time-to-rebound following cessation of all immunotherapies. ATI studies must consider the role of pre-existing aNAbs in potentially confounding time-to-rebound measurements."

IO biomarker • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • CD4

SWOG S1404: Physician/Patient Choice of Either High-Dose Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2B or Ipilimumab, Versus Pembrolizumab in Treating Patients With Stage III-IV High Risk Melanoma That Has Been Removed by Surgery (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=1301 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Trial completion date: Jan 2025 ➔ Jan 2026

Trial completion date • Cutaneous Melanoma • Melanoma • Mucosal Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor • CD4

Hypoxia-induced ATF3 escalates breast cancer invasion by increasing collagen deposition via P4HA1. (PubMed, Cell Death Dis) - "These results reveal a novel hypoxia-induced HIF1ɑ-ATF3-P4HA1 axis which can potentially be exploited as a therapeutic target to impede EMT and ultimately breast cancer invasion. Hypoxia induced ATF3 regulates P4HA1 expression and alternative splicing to promote breast cancer invasion."

Journal • Breast Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • ATF3 • HIF1A • P4HA1

Polarized Dendritic Cell (aDC1) Based Treatment, Interferon Alpha-2, Rintatolimod, and Celecoxib for the Treatment of HLA-A2+ Refractory Melanoma (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=24 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Roswell Park Cancer Institute | Trial completion date: Nov 2025 ➔ Nov 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2025 ➔ Nov 2027

IO biomarker • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Melanoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor • CD8

A exploratory study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of interferon-α combined with ATO in the treatment of arsenic-resistant acute promyelocytic leukemia (ChiCTR) - P=N/A | N=15 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital; Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital

New trial • Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Leukemia • Oncology • PML

MITHRIDATE: Ruxolitinib Versus Hydroxycarbamide or Interferon as First Line Therapy in High Risk Polycythemia Vera (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=586 | Recruiting | Sponsor: University of Birmingham | Trial completion date: Feb 2028 ➔ Apr 2030 | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2026 ➔ Oct 2028

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Polycythemia Vera