hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Generalized Pustular Figurate Erythema Induced by Hydroxychloroquine: A Series of 7 Cases (AAD 2026) - "It mimics acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), but has a longer onset, more varied lesions and a slower course. We report a series of 7 cases."

Clinical • Dermatology • Immunology

All that aches is not psoriatic arthritis: Recognizing the co-existence of psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis (AAD 2026) - "TNF-α inhibitors and methotrexate were the most commonly used systemic treatments, used in 21(65.6%) and 20 (62.5%) patients, respectively. Other systemic agents used included leflunomide (43.7%), hydroxychloroquine (40.6%), sulfasalazine (31.2%), abatacept (25%), Janus kinase inhibitors (18.75%), and tocilizumab (9.37%)...Two patients required additional systemic therapy for treatment of their psoriasis and were treated with guselkumab and apremilast. Two patients experienced psoriasis exacerbation with adalimumab. Patients with psoriasis may have co-existing seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, which has important implications for evaluation and treatment distinctive from psoriatic arthritis. Joint symptoms should prompt evaluation and consideration of a rheumatology referral, as treating rheumatoid arthritis can also improve psoriasis."

Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Pain • Psoriasis • Psoriatic Arthritis • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies

Hitting 3 Birds with One Stone: Oral JAK inhibition successfully treats refractory lichen planopilaris, oral lichen planus and vulvar lichen sclerosus (AAD 2026) - "All patients had long-standing refractory LPP, oral lichen planus, and vulvar lichen sclerosus, despite use of corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, hydroxychloroquine, systemic immunomodulators, and topical JAK inhibitors. After starting an oral JAK inhibitor, either baricitinib 4 mg/day or tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily, each showed significant improvement within 6-12 weeks with sustained control thereafter...Therapy was well-tolerated, with no adverse events observed. Discussion This case series provides clinical evidence that oral JAK inhibition can effectively control inflammation in scarring alopecias, such as LPP, while also improving concurrent mucosal disease, particularly in refractory cases."

Alopecia • Dermatology • Dermatopathology • Immunology • Inflammation • Lichen Planus

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Treatment Utilization in Cicatricial Alopecia: A Retrospective Cohort Study (AAD 2026) - "Outcomes included use of topical steroids, intralesional corticosteroids, minoxidil, tetracyclines, hydroxychloroquine, mycophenolate mofetil, and tacrolimus after GLP-1RA initiation. GLP-1RA therapy in CA is associated with decreased utilization of multiple therapeutic modalities, potentially reflecting improved disease control. These findings support a role for metabolic regulation in modulating CA progression and warrant further prospective investigation."

Retrospective data • Alopecia • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Immunology • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related psoriatic arthritis: systemic steroid overuse and recommendations for targeted therapeutic alternatives (AAD 2026) - "Treatments included systemic steroids in 11 (68.8%), methotrexate in 7 (43.8%), apremilast in 3 (18.8%), and hydroxychloroquine in 1 (6.3%). Targeted approaches should be considered, and some may even enhance ICI-mediated anti-tumor benefit; study of targeted immunomodulator impact on cancer outcomes in this cohort is ongoing. Early subspecialty referral may reduce steroid reliance, optimize targeted therapy use, and preserve ICI continuity and quality-of-life."

Checkpoint inhibition • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Oncology • Psoriasis • Psoriatic Arthritis • Rheumatology • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies • IL12A • IL17A

Severe Presentations of Cutaneous Lupus in Patients on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) (AAD 2026) - "A 77-year-old female with endometrial adenocarcinoma developed widespread tense bullae and mucosal erosions after three cycles of pembrolizumab with carboplatin/paclitaxel...Treatment included discontinuation of pembrolizumab, high-dose prednisone, and hydroxychloroquine, which successfully achieved disease control. The second case, a 74-year-old female with stage IIIC clear cell uterine carcinoma, developed a diffuse morbilliform eruption with flaccid bullae and denuded plaques after four cycles of dostarlimab with carboplatin/paclitaxel...Despite systemic steroid therapy and comprehensive supportive wound care, her course was complicated by malnutrition and multisystem organ involvement, and she expired approximately three months after onset of the rash. These cases emphasize the importance of early biopsy, clinicopathologic correlation, and prompt immunosuppressive therapy in managing rare, severe cutaneous irAEs during ICI treatment (2)."

Checkpoint inhibition • Clinical • Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus • Dermatitis • Discoid Lupus Erythematosus • Endometrial Adenocarcinoma • Endometrial Cancer • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Steven-Johnson Syndrome • Uterine Cancer

12-Hydroxystearic Acid (12-HSA) enhances autophagy and lysosome-Mediated skin processes thus promotes melanosome degradation and improves skin barrier in vitro (AAD 2026) - "Autophagy activity, barrier marker and melanosome degradation were further evaluated in HaCaT keratinocytes Treatments included 12-HSA, Verapamil (autophagy agonist), and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ, autophagy inhibitor). In silico analysis of RNA seq data suggests that 12-HSA may modulate autophagy through PPAR signalling. These findings suggest that 12-HSA promotes autophagy and lysosomal function, in keratinocytes thus facilitating melanosome degradation and enhancing skin barrier properties."

Preclinical • FLG

Spotting Cutaneous Kikuchi–Fujimoto: Turning a Rare Pattern into a Simple Lupus Workup Pathway (AAD 2026) - "Kikuchi Fujimoto disease is a rare necrotizing lymphadenitis that affects females in the pediatric to young adult range and is usually benign and self limiting.1,2 Presenting symptoms include painful cervical lymphadenopathy, fever, fatigue, and hepatosplenomegaly, with cutaneous eruptions in up to 40 percent, making skin the most common extranodal site.1,3,4 Reported morphologies include malar or morbilliform rashes, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, and even alopecia with a distribution that often involves the face, trunk, and upper extremities.3,4 The dermatologic spectrum contributes to frequent diagnostic confusion with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), lymphoma, and tuberculosis.5 Co-occurrence with SLE can not only blur clinical but also histologic boundaries, which supports ongoing serologic follow up after initial recovery.6,7 Diagnosis relies on tissue evaluation when lymphadenopathy is persistent, unexplained, or refractory. Excisional biopsy shows necrotizing..."

Alopecia • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Lymphoma • Musculoskeletal Pain • Respiratory Diseases • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus • Tuberculosis • Vasculitis

Hydroxychloroquine Reduces Skin Cancer Rates in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients with Autoimmune Disease (AAD 2026) - "HCQ does not have an anti-skin cancer effect in SOTRs overall. However, HCQ may be protective against skin cancer development in the subset of patients with a history of autoimmune disease. Further work must be done in terms of controlling for transplanted organ type, and future studies may utilize larger sample sizes across multiple centers."

Clinical • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Oncology • Skin Cancer • Solid Organ Transplantation • Transplantation

Lichen Planopilaris in Children: A Retrospective Review of Clinical Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Treatment Outcomes (AAD 2026) - "Commonly used treatments included topical corticosteroids (n=7), intralesional corticosteroids (n=6), hydroxychloroquine (n=5), doxycycline (n=4), low-dose oral minoxidil (n=4), and topical JAK inhibitors (n=3). This study represents the largest single-center case series of pediatric LPP to date, demonstrating a male predominance, autoimmune/atopic associations, and diagnostic delays exceeding 21 months. Findings underscore the need for earlier recognition of hallmark trichoscopic features and further research on treatments in the pediatric population."

Retrospective data • Review • Alopecia • Immunology • Lichen Planus

Hydroxychloroquine Use Is Associated with Reduced Cardiovascular Risk in Isolated Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (AAD 2026) - "HCQ initiation in DLE was associated with reduced risk of select cardiovascular outcomes, particularly atherosclerotic disease and hyperlipidemia. These findings extend prior SLE research, suggesting HCQ may confer cardioprotective benefits in isolated DLE."

Atherosclerosis • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Coronary Artery Disease • Diabetes • Discoid Lupus Erythematosus • Dyslipidemia • Heart Failure • Hypertension • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Metabolic Disorders • Myocardial Infarction • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Infection Risk Associated With Anifrolumab Versus Traditional Immunosuppressants in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (AAD 2026) - "Anifrolumab users were compared to patients who escalated to methotrexate, azathioprine, or mycophenolate mofetil. Among patients with CLE who progressed beyond hydroxychloroquine, anifrolumab use was associated with a lower two-year infection risk compared to traditional immunosuppressive therapies. These findings support the potential role of anifrolumab in the management of refractory cutaneous lupus."

Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus • Glomerulonephritis • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Lupus Nephritis • Nephrology • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus • IFNAR2

Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus occurring in the setting of Immune Checkpoint-inhibitors combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy: a series of three cases (AAD 2026) - "Two patients required hospitalization, and all patients improved partially or completely with hydroxychloroquine (treatment duration range: 3-9 months) plus systemic and topical corticosteroids; however, ICIs were permanently discontinued in all three patients...The pattern observed supports a two-hit model: cytotoxic agents promote keratinocyte injury/Ro antigen exposure, while checkpoint blockade lowers immune tolerance--together precipitating SCLE. Routine inclusion of chemotherapy exposure and other co-triggers will delineate the role of ICIs in precipitating SCLE and other autoimmune-like reactions."

Checkpoint inhibition • Clinical • Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus • Dermatitis • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Oncology

A novel case of nilotinib-induced porphyria cutanea tarda (AAD 2026) - "He began treatment with hydroxychloroquine 200mg twice weekly at last follow-up. Though imatinib– a similar tyrosine kinase inhibitor– has previously been linked to porphyria cutanea tarda as well as pseudoporphyria, to our knowledge this is the first case of nilotinib-induced PCT in the literature."

Clinical • Chronic Myeloid Leukemia • Genetic Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Hepatology • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Metabolic Disorders • Pruritus • Rare Diseases

CHAPPII: Safety and Effect on Pain and Function According to RAPID-3 of IHL-675A in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=20 | Terminated | Sponsor: Incannex Healthcare Ltd | Suspended ➔ Terminated; Recruitment challenges

Trial termination • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Pain • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology

Intercellular transfer of hepatocellular carcinoma-derived RNAs via tunneling nanotubes educates macrophages and enhances antigen presentation (AACR 2026) - "Using specific markers for proteins, mitochondria, DNA, and RNA (CellTracker Blue, MitoTracker, Hoechst 34580, Click-iT RNA) and corresponding inhibitors (metformin, DNase, RNase), we obtained direct evidence that HCC cell-derived RNAs are transferred via TNTs tomacrophages, leading to increased antigen presentation capability. Moreover, blocking macrophage RNA sensors with hydroxychloroquine suppressed the TNT-induced increase in MHC II⁺ macrophages, and in an orthotopic HCC mouse model, intratumoral injection of hydroxychloroquine-pretreated macrophages resulted in significantly larger tumor diameters by day 7 compared to the untreated group. In summary, our study reveals that macrophages and HCC cells establish a novel form of intercellular communication—TNTs—through which HCC cells transfer RNAs to macrophages, mediating an increase in MHC II⁺ macrophage proportion and enhanced antigen presentation capacity, thereby suppressing tumor progression. We propose that..."

IO biomarker • Hepatocellular Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Late-Onset Sjögren disease: A different clinical entity? (PubMed, Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis) - "Elderly-onset SjD demonstrates a distinct phenotype characterized by higher ILD prevalence, increased RF positivity, greater inflammatory activity, and more frequent artropathy and anemia compared to younger-onset groups. These findings highlight the need for age-tailored diagnostic vigilance, proactive ILD screening, and cautious use of immunosuppressants in older patients. Prospective multicenter studies are warranted to refine management strategies in this subgroup."

Journal • Hematological Disorders • Interstitial Lung Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Sjogren's Syndrome

Lupus erythematosus-specific bullous lesions: A case report. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "This study provides a comprehensive analysis of LE-SBL and further refines current understanding of the disease. Integration of histopathology, direct/indirect immunofluorescence, and serologic testing is essential to distinguish this entity from other bullous dermatoses. Early institution of glucocorticoids plus hydroxychloroquine achieves rapid disease control. This report offers an important reference for clinicians encountering similar cases."

Journal • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • Pain • Pruritus

NAMPT inhibition enhances the efficacy of standard chemotherapies and immunomodulation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (AACR 2026) - "We investigated the preclinical activity of a novel hyperbolic NAMPT inhibitor (NAMPTi) in combination with standard-of-care (SOC) chemotherapy regimens including gemcitabine, paclitaxel, 5-FU, oxaliplatin, hydroxychloroquine, and paricalcitol to determine whether NAMPT blockade enhances cytotoxic and immunomodulatory responses. Human and murine PDAC cell lines (PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2, KPC-Luc, and patient-derived 2838c) were treated with NAMPTi (5 μM) alone or with SOC agents at clinically relevant doses...Olaparib combinations were also tested in BRCA-related models... NAMPT inhibition robustly enhances SOC chemotherapy efficacy in PDAC by simultaneously amplifying cytotoxic responses, remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment, and reducing metastatic spread. These findings support NAMPTi-based combinations as a promising therapeutic strategy and justify further translational development, including biomarker-driven clinical evaluation in PDAC."Generative AI was..."

Clinical • Immunomodulating • Oncology • Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma • BRCA • CD8 • GZMB • IFNG • LAMP1 • NAMPT • PTPRC • TNFA

Vertical inhibition of the autophagy pathway promotes growth arrest and apoptotic cell death in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (AACR 2026) - "The sole FDA approved inhibitor of autophagy, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (CQ/HCQ), inhibited the growth of multiple preclinical models of PDAC...We validated this finding using Annexin V apoptosis assays and demonstrated that growth suppression was due in part to enhanced apoptotic cell death. In summary, our findings demonstrate that vertical inhibition of the autophagy pathway more effectively suppresses autophagy and increases cell death in PDAC and provides rationale for a vertical inhibition strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of autophagy inhibition."

Oncology • Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma • ANXA5 • PIK3C3

PSMD2 Suppression Disrupts Autophagy Turnover and Creates an Autophagy-Dependent Vulnerability in ER+ Breast Cancer (AACR 2026) - "Autophagy was modulated using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)... PSMD2 depletion disturbs UPS-autophagy coordination, leading to loss of proteostasis and CSC depletion in ER⁺ breast cancer. This insight reveals PSMD2 as a key regulator of proteolytic balance and a potential target for autophagy-based therapeutic strategies."

Breast Cancer • Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer • Hormone Receptor Breast Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • CD24 • CDH1 • CDH2 • NANOG • POU5F1 • SOX2 • VIM

Targeting autophagy and the cell cycle in mesothelioma (AACR 2026) - "We conducted cell proliferation assays in mesothelioma cell lines to determine the IC50 for the autophagy inhibitors ULK-101 and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Also, abemaciclib was associated with increased lysosome size and number, suggesting autophagy activation. Collectively, the results suggest that autophagy and the cell cycle pathways may be targeted in mesothelioma and could be co-targeted in a synergistic fashion."

Mesothelioma • Oncology • Solid Tumor • ATG5

Targeting heat shock factor 1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma autophagy and iron-sulfur cluster protein stability (AACR 2026) - "The copper treatment also induces autophagy, yet whether copper-induced autophagy is regulated by HSF1 is not fully understood.Objective: The objective of this study is to study the role of HSF1 in copper-mediated loss of mitochondrial Fe-S cluster proteins and autophagy in PDAC cells.Methods and In PDAC cell lines MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1, treatment with copper ionophore elesclomol-copper (ES-Cu) led to reduced protein levels of mitochondrial Fe-S cluster proteins, including aconitase 2 (ACO2), ferredoxin 1 (FDX1), and lipoic acid synthase (LIAS), but not mRNA expression...To investigate the mechanism of ES-Cu-mediated decrease of Fe-S cluster proteins, we pre-treated MIA PaCa-2 cells with hydroxychloroquine (CQ) along with ES-Cu... Our findings suggest that HSF1 protects PDAC cells from mitochondrial toxicity by maintaining the stability of Fe-S proteins under copper stress. Targeting HSF1 in combination with copper-based therapies may enhance treatment efficacy by..."

Oncology • Pancreatic Cancer • Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma • Solid Tumor • FDX1 • HSF1 • LIAS • MAP1A

TLR7/9–IFNα–LDHB Checkpoint Rewires NET Subtypes in Lupus (IMMUNOLOGY 2026) - "In vivo S. aureus bacteremia models tested hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and IFNAR blockade... Persistent TLR7/9–IFNα signaling enforces an LDHB-low, vital-NET–biased state that fuels inflammation yet impairs host defense.Consequently, NETs are not monolithic—suicidal and vital NETs arise via distinct triggers, carry different proteomic cargo, and diverge in bactericidal capacity. These findings establish a mechanistic checkpoint controlling NET subtype allocation and provide a rationale and biomarker framework for normalizing neutrophil function in SLE using HCQ and IFNAR blockade."

Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus • IFNA1 • IFNAR1 • LDHB • TLR7

Treatment patterns of biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a population-based study in Korea. (PubMed, J Rheum Dis) - "Methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and hydroxychloroquine were the most prescribed csDMARDs. Etanercept (69.7%) was the most common first bDMARD, followed by adalimumab (19.0%) and tocilizumab (7.6%), with 14.8% switching to a second biologic...This is the first comprehensive study profiling the treatment patterns of Korean patients with JIA using population-based claims data. The findings enhance understanding of real-world treatment trends, aiding clinical decision-making."

Journal • Idiopathic Arthritis • Immunology • Rheumatology