RHO Phyto Transdermal CBG Gel (cannabidiol/cannabigerol) / Avicanna - LARVOL DELTA

Structural Elucidation of Azo and Quinoneimine Products Formed in Diazonium-Based Color Reactions of Cannabinoids. (PubMed, Molecules) - "Azo compounds 6, 11, 16, and 17 were produced from cannabidiol, cannabigerol, cannabichromene, and cannabidiolic acid, respectively, while quinoneimines 7-10 and 12-15, which contained positional isomers, were produced from cannabinol, Δ9-THC, and hexahydrocannabinol. The reaction barely proceeded with Δ9-THC acetate and HHC acetate."

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Morphological, Physiological, and biochemical responses of two industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivars to different levels of topping. (PubMed, J Cannabis Res) - No abstract available

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Cannabidiol and cannabigerol ameliorate steatotic liver disease via phosphocreatine buffering and lysosomal restoration. (PubMed, Br J Pharmacol) - "These findings identify a novel, endocannabinoid system-independent mechanism by which CBD and CBG enhance hepatic energy buffering and lysosomal function, contributing to improved liver lipid handling and supporting phytocannabinoids as promising MASLD therapeutics."

Journal • Genetic Disorders • Hepatology • Metabolic Disorders • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease • Obesity

Design, synthesis, and biological profiling of fluorinated cannabidiol and cannabigerol derivatives as promising therapeutic agents. (PubMed, J Cannabis Res) - "Our findings indicate that aliphatic modifications positively influence pharmacokinetic parameters, including absorption, in contrast to aromatic groups, which increase lipophilicity and lead to decreased bioavailability. Among the modifications, the monosubstituted derivatives containing a single oxazine ring with an aliphatic fluorine-containing side chain, especially the mono- and trifluoroethyl moieties, proved to be the most promising. These modifications appeared particularly advantageous in the CBG series compared to the properties of the CBG parent compound. This may suggest that the presence of a phenolic OH group is beneficial for biological activity. Some of the derivatives showed anticancer potential against various tumor cell lines, while others modulated sebaceous lipogenesis, and certain compounds exhibited a notable antimalarial effect."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Malaria • Oncology

Antiseizure Effects of Cannabidiol in Combination With Cannabigerol in the Maximal Electroshock Seizure Model. (PubMed, Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol) - "Both drugs showed little toxicity at therapeutic doses. This is the first study to provide detailed dose-response data for CBG as well as CBG in combination with CBD in a seizure model and suggests that the two drugs could act in a similar manner to suppress seizures."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

Phytocannabinoids influence phospholipid metabolism of melanoma cells: Modulation of in vitro effects of the UVA irradiation. (PubMed, Biomed Pharmacother) - "UVA radiation increased the expression of G-protein-coupled receptors in melanoma cells (CB1/2/TRPV1/PPARγ), while the combined use of CBD/CBG reduced their expression. Therefore, the results have shown that CBD and CBG modulate the metabolism of phospholipids and PUFAs by altering the functions of melanoma cell membranes, potentially offering options for the use of these phytocannabinoids in the integrative biomedicine treatment of melanoma."

Journal • Preclinical • Melanoma • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Solid Tumor • PPARG • TRPV1

Prevalence and reasons for using cannabidiol, delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol, cannabigerol, and hexahydrocannabinol among US adults. (PubMed, J Cannabis Res) - "Use of cannabinoid products is appreciable, particularly CBD and delta-8 THC. Most adults use CBD, CBN, CBG, and HHC for medical reasons, but delta-8 THC for recreation. Pain, anxiety, insomnia and arthralgia were common medical reasons for use across the different cannabinoids assessed."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Insomnia • Mood Disorders • Musculoskeletal Pain • Pain • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Impact of Soil Quality on Cannabinoid and Terpenoid Content of Cannabis sativa L. (PubMed, J Med Act Plants) - "Differences in terpene composition were observed between the cultivars grown in the CF but not between those grown in CC. This is the first study to show differences in extract composition of outdoor cultivated hemp grown in different soil conditions."

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Clinical and Economic Outcomes of Cannabis-Based Formulations (CBD and CBD/CBG) for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A HEOR Model Study Analysis (ISPOR-EU 2025) - "Studies highlight that CBD-rich cannabis extracts may be beneficial in ASD, but they are not without side effects. Additional analyses need to be done as a whole ."

Clinical • HEOR • Autism Spectrum Disorder • Genetic Disorders

Valorization of Thyme Combined with Phytocannabinoids as Anti-Inflammatory Agents for Skin Diseases. (PubMed, Pharmaceutics) - "Selected thyme formulations-alone or in combination with CBD/CBG-were also tested in vivo using a mouse model of acute skin inflammation. The data support the safe and effective use of Thymus mastichina-derived terpene fractions for topical anti-inflammatory applications. The synergistic effect observed with CBD and CBG suggests that combining essential oil terpenes with phytocannabinoids may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for managing inflammatory skin disorders."

Journal • Acne Vulgaris • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology • Inflammation • Psoriasis

Efficacy of different cannabinoid compounds on migraine-like responses in female rats. (PubMed, Cephalalgia) - "Altogether, these results suggest that cannabinoid compounds may represent effective alternatives for the treatment of episodic and chronic migraine."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Pain • ADCYAP1

Cannabidiol releases CB1R from A2AR repression in ischemic stroke. (PubMed, Neurobiol Dis) - "Results indicated that the formation of A2AR-CB1R heteromers increased A2AR affinity for its selective agonist CGS21680...In conclusion, CBD effects in the hypoxia of the neonate can be mediated by A2AR-CB1R complex. CBD partially blocks A2AR signalling while potentiates the neuroprotective effect of CB1R in hypoxic-ischemic conditions."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Ischemic stroke

Antinociceptive Effects of Cannabinoid Compounds in a Preclinical Model of Migraine, using CGRP and PACAP, in female rats (IHC 2025) - "Cannabidiol (CBD, 30 mg/kg), Cannabidiol plus Cannabigerol (CBD/CBG 30/15 mg/kg), Cannabidiol plus Tetrahydrocannabinol (CBD/THC, 30mg/kg/0.3%), and CBD/CBG/THC (30/15 mg/kg /0.3%) or vehicle were administered via intraperitoneal injection (n=7-16)...Conclusion Cannabinoid compounds were effective against CGRP- and PACAP-induced cutaneous allodynia without affecting locomotion or inducing anxiety-related behaviors. The Cannabinoid combination of CBD plus THC showed to be more effective than Clinical studies are needed for validation."

Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Migraine • ADCYAP1

Cannabinoids in Migraine Treatment (CAMTREA) Trial: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study of a cannabidiol, cannabigerol, and tetrahydrocannabinol 133/66/4mg formulation as adjunctive therapy in chronic migraine Presen (IHC 2025) - P2/3 | "Conclusion In this pilot study the adjunctive treatment with a CGMP cannabinoid formulation (CBD/CBG/THC - 133/66/4mg) was safe and associated with significant improvements in migraine-related disability in patients with chronic migraine. These findings support further investigation in larger, adequately powered trials."

Clinical • Late-breaking abstract • CNS Disorders • Migraine

Orally Administered CBD/CBG Hemp Extract Reduces Severity of Ulcerative Colitis and Pain in a Murine Model. (PubMed, J Clin Med) - "We also observed that CBG/CBD rich hemp extracts help reduce pain-related responses in these animals. Together, the data suggest that cannabinoid administration has the potential to be an effective alternate therapeutic option for UC management."

Journal • Preclinical • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Pain • Ulcerative Colitis

EOL-02 - (Expert Opinion Live) How A Novel Office Dispensed Transdermal Cannabinoid Cream Improved QOL For Over 90% Of My Patients & Generated Six Figure Annual Profits (PAINWeek 2025) - "Sponsored By Marlinz Pharma This presentation will include a brief overview of cannabinoid types, clinical and scientific literature summaries, emerging technologies within the industry, current regulations and the potential financial impact for direct-to-patient dispensing of the Tolcylen Transdermal CBD/CBG Cream. Dr DiNucci will also discuss the key differences and how to choose products for your patients and review a six-figure net profit summary generated from his solo practice yearly dispensing data.This session is sponsored by Marlinz Pharma. This session is not certified for credit."

Clinical • CNS Disorders

Evaluation of Biophysical Parameters of the Skin of Patients With Atopic Dermatitis After Application of an Ointment Containing 30% Cannabidiol and 5% Cannabigerol. (PubMed, Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol) - "The results we achieved included improved skin hydration, sebum level, and TEWL as well as reduced erythema in the studied areas (forearms). Our results demonstrate that topical cannabinoid therapy is effective in reducing itching and improving the quality of life of patients with AD, leading to symptom remission in some cases."

Journal • Atopic Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Immunology

Cannabis: Zone Aspects of Raw Plant Components in Sport-A Narrative Review. (PubMed, Nutrients) - "Despite many recent studies on cannabis species, there is very little research on the beneficial effects in active athletes, especially on large groups compared to placebo. These studies may complete the current vision of this topic and clarify the hypotheses launched as discussions in this review."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Nav1.8, an analgesic target for nonpsychotomimetic phytocannabinoids. (PubMed, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A) - "In particular, CBG shows significant promise due to its ability to effectively inhibit excitability of peripheral sensory neurons. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids, particularly CBG, as agents that may attenuate pain via block of Nav1.8, warranting further in vivo studies."

Journal • Pain • NAV1

Exploring Cannabidiol (CBD) and Cannabigerol (CBG) Safety Profile and Skincare Potential. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Specifically, they reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, making them valuable in combating environmental skin damage. Overall, our results validate the safety of topical use of cannabinoids, while paving the way for further research in the beauty and personal care market as soothing agents."

Journal • Dermatology • Inflammation

Exploring the Potential of Nonpsychoactive Cannabinoids in the Development of Materials for Biomedical and Sports Applications. (PubMed, ACS Appl Bio Mater) - "The review also addresses innovative approaches to enhance NPC delivery including the use of computational tools and explores their potential in both biomedical and sports science contexts. By providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of research, this review aims to outline future directions, emphasizing the potential of NPCs in biomaterial science and regenerative medicine."

Journal • Review • Pain

Effect of Hemp Extraction Procedures on Cannabinoid and Terpenoid Composition. (PubMed, Plants (Basel)) - "This work aimed to compare cannabinoid and terpene profiles using the three primary commercial procedures, using hemp inflorescence from a CBD/CBG dominant Cannabis sativa L. cultivar. Ethanol extracts contained the most acidic cannabinoids with 3.2-4.1 mg/g of CBDA along with minor terpene levels. The resulting extracts demonstrated substantially different chemical profiles and highlight how the process used to extract hemp can play a large role in product composition and potential biological effects."

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Single and Combined Effects of Cannabigerol (CBG) and Cannabidiol (CBD) in Mouse Models of Oxaliplatin-Associated Mechanical Sensitivity, Opioid Antinociception, and Naloxone-Precipitated Opioid Withdrawal. (PubMed, Biomedicines) - "We have previously demonstrated that treatment with the psychoactive CB1/CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) or the non-psychoactive, minor phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) can attenuate paclitaxel-induced mechanical sensitivity in a mouse model of CIPN...Most recently, it was reported that another minor cannabinoid, cannabigerol (CBG), attenuated cisplatin-associated mechanical sensitivity in mice...CBG and CBD decreased naloxone-precipitated jumping behavior alone and acted synergistically in combination, while CBG attenuated the acute antinociceptive effects of morphine and CBD. Taken together, CBG may have therapeutic effects like CBD as demonstrated in rodent models, and its interactive effects with opioids or other phytocannabinoids should continue to be characterized."

Journal • Preclinical • Pain

Phytocannabinoids CBD, CBG, and their Derivatives CBD-HQ and CBG-A Induced In Vitro Cytotoxicity in 2D and 3D Colon Cancer Cell Models. (PubMed, Curr Issues Mol Biol) - "In this study, we tested the anticancer potential of selected cannabinoids CBD (cannabidiol) and its quinone derivative CBD-HQ (cannabidiol hydroquinone), CBG (cannabigerol) and its acid derivative CBG-A (cannabigerolic acid), as well as a combination of CBD+CBG on the colon cancer cell line SW-620. Our results suggest that cannabinoids represent an interesting research direction with great implementation potential. These preliminary results represent the beginning of research into the potential of these substances for anticancer treatment and underscore the potential for further research."

Journal • Preclinical • Colon Cancer • Colorectal Cancer • Gastrointestinal Cancer • Mood Disorders • Oncology • Pain • Palliative care • Psychiatry • Solid Tumor

Antibiofilm and Immune-Modulatory Activity of Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol in Oral Environments-In Vitro Study. (PubMed, Antibiotics (Basel)) - "Both CBG and CBD inhibit S. mutans; they also moderately lower the metabolic activity of multispecies biofilms that form; however, CBD had an effect on biofilms that had already developed. This, together with the production of anti-inflammatory mediators and the maintenance of the viability of mammalian cells from the oral cavity, make these substances promising for clinical use and should be taken into account for future studies."

Journal • Preclinical • Dental Disorders • Immunology • Periodontitis • IFNG • IL4 • TGFB1