Imjudo (tremelimumab-actl) / AstraZeneca, Pfizer - LARVOL DELTA

Intratumoral bacteria are immunosuppressive and promote immunotherapy resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. (PubMed, Nat Cancer) - P1 | "To address this, here we analyzed oropharyngeal HNSCCs treated with neoadjuvant durvalumab (anti-PDL1) alone or in combination with tremelimumab (anti-CTLA4) from the CIAO clinical trial ( NCT03144778 ). Increasing intratumoral bacteria abundance was sufficient to induce resistance to anti-PDL1 ICB, irrespective of bacterial species tested. Together, these findings demonstrate that high intratumoral bacteria abundance is a key suppressor of antitumor immunity and promotes immunotherapy resistance."

Journal • Head and Neck Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Squamous Cell Carcinoma • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

Liver function trajectory and post-progression outcomes in the Phase 3 EMERALD-3 study of tremelimumab (T) + durvalumab (D) ± lenvatinib (L) + transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) in participants (pts) with embolisation-eligible hepatocellular carcinoma (eeHCC) (ESMO 2026) - No abstract available

Clinical • Late-breaking abstract • P3 data • Hepatocellular Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Perioperative durvalumab with or without tremelimumab plus neoadjuvant enfortumab vedotin in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: results from the Phase 3 VOLGA trial (ESMO 2026) - No abstract available

Clinical • Late-breaking abstract • P3 data • Bladder Cancer • Genito-urinary Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

COMPARISON OF THE THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF ATEZOLIZUMAB PLUS BEVACIZUMAB AND DURVALUMAB PLUS TREMELIMUMAB ACCORDING TO THE EXTENT OF PORTAL VEIN TUMOR THROMBUS IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (UEGW 2026) - "Real-world data suggest that DUR/TRE has clinical activity in patients with Vp4 HCC. Although the overall antitumor efficacy of DUR/TRE was broadly comparable to that of ATZ/BEV, the significantly shorter OS observed in patients with Vp4 is noteworthy. HCC with major vascular invasion is characterized by rapid disease progression, and because DUR/TRE does not include an anti-angiogenic agent, it may be less likely to achieve early tumor shrinkage or prompt disease control, potentially leading to more rapid clinical deterioration."

Clinical • Hepatocellular Cancer • Hepatology • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Thrombosis

PRIOR ATEZOLIZUMAB PLUS BEVACIZUMAB REDUCES RESPONSE BUT NOT POST-RESPONSE DURABILITY OF DURVALUMAB PLUS TREMELIMUMAB IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (UEGW 2026) - "Prior Atez/Bev exposure was associated with lower antitumor activity of subsequent Dur/Tre, as reflected by reduced ORR and shorter PFS. However, among patients who achieved an objective response, durable clinical benefit was maintained, with comparable PFS and OS. These findings support Dur/Tre as a meaningful later-line option for selected patients with HCC after Atez/Bev."

Hepatocellular Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

THE PROGNOSTIC ROLE OF TUMOR BURDEN AND LIVER FUNCTION IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA UNDER IMMUNOTHERAPY (UEGW 2026) - "We conducted a retrospective analysis on patients with uHCC treated with first-line immunotherapy (either atezolizumab plus bevacizumab or durvalumab plus tremelimumab) from the ARTE database. In patients with uHCC treated with immunotherapy, the prognostic impact of liver function is strongly influenced by tumor burden, particularly in patients with Child–Pugh B, representing a heterogeneous population that deserve tailored clinical decision-making."

Biomarker • Hepatocellular Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

REAL-WORLD FIVE-YEAR OUTCOMES OF FIRST-LINE ATEZOLIZUMAB PLUS BEVACIZUMAB FOR UNRESECTABLE HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: A MULTICENTER ANALYSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF CURRENT SURVIVAL BENCHMARKS (UEGW 2026) - "Introduction: The HIMALAYA trial recently established a 5-year overall survival (OS) benchmark of 19.6% for durvalumab plus tremelimumab (Dur/Tre) in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). First-line Atez/Bev achieved a 5-year survival rate of 19.0% in real-world clinical practice, approaching the long-term survival benchmark reported in the HIMALAYA trial (19.6%). In addition, Atez/Bev showed a favorable safety profile, with a low requirement for high-dose corticosteroids, suggesting a potentially lower incidence of severe immune-related adverse events compared with other immune-based combinations."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Hepatocellular Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS USE, GUT MICROBIOME COMPOSITION AND OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA TREATED WITH IMMUNOTHERAPY IN FIRST-LINE SETTING (UEGW 2026) - " In total, 453 patients were included: 391 treated with IT in 1L (143 from IMbrave150; 131 from GO30140; 67 with atezolizumab-bevacizumab and 50 with tremelimumab-durvalumab from the RETO cohort). PPI use is associated with increased alpha diversity and "oralization" of the gut microbiome composition in patients with HCC treated with IT. However, PPI use is not associated with a significantly reduced efficacy of IT in patients with HCC treated in 1L setting."

Clinical • Hepatocellular Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

BASELINE ENDOSCOPY REVEALS CLINICALLY RELEVANT NON-CSPH LESIONS IN UHCC PATIENTS UNDERGOING IMMUNOTHERAPY (UEGW 2026) - " Among 142 patients, 130 with available EGD were analysed (90 treated with atezolizumab+bevacizumab and 40 treated with durvalumab+tremelimumab,76.9% males, median age 71 [IQR 25-75] years, 56.2% viral aetiology, 50.8% ALBI score 1). Baseline EGD in patients with uHCC undergoing immune-based systemic treatment reveals an unexpected high prevalence of non-CSPH related gastrointestinal lesions, however with a low impact on treatment management of uHCC."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Fibrosis • Gastric Adenocarcinoma • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hepatocellular Cancer • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Peptic Ulcer • Portal Hypertension

OPTIMAL SECOND-LINE TREATMENT AFTER DURVALUMAB PLUS TREMELIMUMAB FOR ADVANCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: IMPACT OF FIRST-LINE TUMOR RESPONSE ON TREATMENT SELECTION (UEGW 2026) - "Sixty-six patients (63.5%) proceeded to second-line therapy, including atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/Bev, n=30), lenvatinib (LEN, n=33), and cabozantinib (CAB, n=3)... Transition to second-line therapy after Dur/Tre was associated with significantly improved survival, highlighting the importance of preserved liver function. Moreover, treatment response to first-line therapy may help stratify the optimal choice of second-line regimen."

Clinical • Metastases • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Hepatitis B • Hepatitis C • Hepatocellular Cancer • Hepatology • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Solid Tumor

LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN SPLENIC VOLUME DURING IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: A COMPARISON BETWEEN DURVALUMAB PLUS TREMELIMUMAB AND ATEZOLIZUMAB PLUS BEVACIZUMAB (UEGW 2026) - "Compared with Atez/Bev, Dur/Tre was associated with a significantly smaller increase in splenic volume over time."

Hepatocellular Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

HYPOPHYSITIS WITH SECONDARY ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY DUE TO IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (UEGW 2026) - "Combination therapy with durvalumab–tremelimumab has shown a higher incidence of pituitary (1.5%) and adrenal (2.7%) AEs compared to durvalumab alone (0.4% and 0.8%, respectively).A 70-year-old man with advanced chronic liver disease and BCLC stage C hepatocellular carcinoma was treated with durvalumab–tremelimumab (5 cycles).He was admitted due to general deterioration, bradypsychia, and fluctuating temporal-spatial disorientation...Treatment with oral hydrocortisone led to rapid clinical and biochemical improvement...The mechanism of hypophysitis remains unclear, and symptoms are often nonspecific. Early recognition is essential, as they are manageable with hormone replacement and do not necessarily require discontinuation of treatment."

Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Heart Failure • Hematological Disorders • Hepatic Encephalopathy • Hepatocellular Cancer • Hepatology • Nephrology • Oncology • Renal Disease • Solid Tumor

A CASE OF TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS AFTER DURVALUMAB AND TREMELIMUMAB IN UNRESECTABLE HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: NEW CHALLENGES FOR HEPATOLOGIST (UEGW 2026) - No abstract available

Clinical • Diabetes • Hepatocellular Cancer • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Systemic Therapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Impaired Liver Function: Navigating the Evidence Gap. (PubMed, Cancers (Basel)) - "Cohort 5 of the CheckMate 040 nivolumab trial included selected patients with CTP-B7/B8 disease and demonstrated modest efficacy, with an objective response rate of 12% and a median overall survival of 7.6 months. Additionally, the phase 3b single-arm SIERRA study reported a manageable safety profile for durvalumab plus tremelimumab (STRIDE regimen) in the CTP-B population. In contrast, regimens incorporating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition, such as atezolizumab-bevacizumab and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), may require cautious use due to an increased risk of bleeding or hepatic decompensation. TKIs, including sorafenib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, and cabozantinib, are metabolized by hepatic CYP450 pathways and require careful patient selection, monitoring, and dose optimization...Decreased liver reserve represents a heterogeneous clinical state, and treatment benefits depend on maintaining treatment duration without precipitating hepatic..."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Fibrosis • Hepatocellular Cancer • Hepatology • Hypertension • Immunology • Liver Failure • Oncology • Portal Hypertension • Solid Tumor

UW 20-046: TACE and SBRT Followed by Double Immunotherapy for Downstaging Hepatocellular Carcinoma (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=33 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: The University of Hong Kong | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Dec 2026 ➔ Dec 2028 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2024 ➔ Dec 2028

Enrollment closed • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Hepatocellular Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

ROWAN interim safety report: triple combination of yttrium-90 (Y90) glass microspheres followed by durvalumab+tremelimumab (STRIDE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (ESMO 2026) - No abstract available

Clinical • Hepatocellular Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Seven-year overall survival (OS) and OS by tumour response measures from the Phase 3 HIMALAYA study of tremelimumab plus durvalumab in first-line (1L) unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) (ESMO 2026) - No abstract available

Clinical • P3 data • Hepatocellular Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Phase 2 Study of Preoperative Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin with Durvalumab (MEDI4736) and Tremelimumab in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (NeoTreme) (ESMO 2026) - No abstract available

P2 data • Biliary Cancer • Cholangiocarcinoma • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Immune Checkpoint InhibitorâInduced Severe Hypothyroidism Mimicking Hepatic Encephalopathy (ACG 2026) - "Case Description/ A 64-year-old man with cirrhosis from metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related liver disease and multifocal unresectable HCC on tremelimumab-durvalumab presented with one week of progressive confusion, disorientation, and hypoactivity...The patient demonstrated marked improvement in mental status while continuing lactulose and rifaximin...Individualized approaches, including IV levothyroxine when enteral absorption is unreliable, may be critical to recovery. Generative AI was used in the development and editing of this abstract."

Checkpoint inhibition • CNS Disorders • Endocrine Cancer • Endocrine Disorders • Fibrosis • Hepatic Encephalopathy • Hepatocellular Cancer • Hepatology • Immunology • Liver Cirrhosis • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Immune-Related Adverse Events and Infections in Cancer Patients With Splenectomy Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy (ACG 2026) - "59.8 % of irAE patients required systemic steroids, with 17.1% needing high-dose therapy (â¥1mg/kg prednisone equivalent)...cImmunosuppressants: bevacizumab, rituximab, imatinib, lenalidomide, 5-azacitinide dICI agents by class: Anti-PD-1: pembrolizumab, nivolumab, cemiplimab, tislelizumab, toripalimab, zimberelimab. Total 293 patients met the inclusion criteria. Primary malignancies: 31.7 % GI, 18.8% GU, and 11.3% lung. Asplenic patients had lower irAE severity compared to general populations: high-grade irAEs (⥠3) occurred in 10.6% of all patients versus 19.7% in general ICI-treated populations, despite 20.5% of patients receiving combination ICI therapy."

Adverse events • Checkpoint inhibition • Clinical • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Oncology • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases

Dramatic Response to Immunotherapy in Multifocal Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Concurrent Helicobacter pylori Infection Despite Severe Immune-Mediated Hepatitis: A Case Report (ACG 2026) - "Tremelimumabâdurvalumab was initiated in February 2025. Given the disproportionately high H. pylori prevalence in HCC and cirrhotic populations, routine screening and eradication prior to immunotherapy initiation warrants prospective evaluation as part of optimized pre-treatment workup. Figure: Size improve Figure: Time line"

Case report • Clinical • Fibrosis • Hepatocellular Cancer • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Liver Cirrhosis • Metabolic Disorders • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis • Oncology • Solid Tumor • AFP

Comparing Efficacy and Toxicity of STRIDE Versus Atezolizumab-Bevacizumab in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (ACG 2026) - "Introduction: Single tremelimumab regular interval durvalumab (STRIDE) and atezolizumab-bevacizumab (atezo-bev) are preferred systemic therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Of 242 patients, 99 (41%) received STRIDE. STRIDE was associated with lower disease control rate compared to atezo-bev (47.5% vs 66.4%, RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.56-0.91, p=0.003). On IPTW-Cox regression, OS (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.50-1.07, p=0.111), real-world PFS (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.58-1.15, p=0.248), and time on treatment (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.62-1.19, p=0.366) were similar comparing STRIDE vs atezo-bev."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Hepatocellular Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Beyond Steroid-Refractory Checkpoint Inhibitor Colitis: Concurrent CMV Colitis Resulting in Colonic Perforation (ACG 2026) - "Case Description/ A 59-year-old woman with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia presented with persistent diarrhea after treatment with durvalumab and tremelimumab...Ganciclovir was resumed for worsening viremia and enteritis but was discontinued due to thrombocytopenia and bone marrow suppression...Figure: Figure 2. Severe colonic inflammation with deep ulceration and inflammatory mucosal bridging in a patient with biopsy-proven CMV colitis complicating ICI-associated colitis."

Checkpoint inhibition • Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia • Constipation • Cytomegalovirus Infection • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Malignancies • Hepatocellular Cancer • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Mucositis • Oncology • Solid Tumor • Thrombocytopenia

Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Colitis (ACG 2026) - "ICIs used were pembrolizumab (n=18), durvalumab (n=13), nivolumab (n=12), ipilimumab (n=4), atezolizumab (n=5), bevacizumab (n=3), tremelimumab (n=3), cabozantinib (n=2), and lenvatinib (n=1)... Clinical severity and endoscopic findings were associated with the need for drug therapy. PL-L1 inhibitors tend to be associated with more severe disease requiring infliximab."

Checkpoint inhibition • Clinical • Breast Cancer • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Oncology

Novel Application of Y90 Radioembolization and Dual Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Adolescent Hepatocellular Neoplasm Not Otherwise Specified (ACG 2026) - "The treatment course was complicated by cisplatin-related renal dysfunction, transfusion-dependent anemia, and refractory hypomagnesemia. Due to persistent unresectable disease, dual immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy with tremelimumab plus durvalumab (HIMALAYA regimen) was initiated, and liver transplantation evaluation was pursued concurrently...It demonstrates a novel application of both Y90 radioembolization and the HIMALAYA regimen in this population. Prospective studies and multi-institutional registries are needed to establish the optimal sequencing of liver-directed therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and transplantation in HCN-NOS."

Checkpoint inhibition • Cardiovascular • Hepatoblastoma • Hepatocellular Cancer • Hepatology • Hypertension • Nephrology • Oncology • Renal Disease • Solid Tumor