ethambutol
/ Generic mfg.
- LARVOL DELTA
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January 24, 2026
NTM Lung Disease: Five-Year Clinical Spectrum and Outcomes
(IWLH 2026)
- "The standard macrolide-ethambutol-rifamycin regimen was prescribed in 75 % (n = 18), with 25 % (n = 6) requiring modification due to intolerance or QTc prolongation...These findings emphasise the need for earlier diagnosis, personalised multidrug regimens, and multidisciplinary follow-up to improve outcomes. The originality and significance of this work lie in its real-world, data-driven insight into NTM-PD management in Northern England, informing both clinical practice and the design of future UK-wide studies to develop safer, more effective treatment strategies."
Clinical • Asthma • Bronchiectasis • Cardiovascular • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases
February 04, 2026
ENCORE: Study to Evaluate ALIS (Amikacin Liposome Inhalation Suspension) in Participants With Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Infection Caused by Mycobacterium Avium Complex
(clinicaltrials.gov)
- P3 | N=425 | Completed | Sponsor: Insmed Incorporated | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed
Trial completion • Infectious Disease • Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease • Respiratory Diseases
February 03, 2026
MAC2v3: Comparison of Two- Versus Three-antibiotic Therapy for Pulmonary Mycobacterium Avium Complex Disease
(clinicaltrials.gov)
- P2/3 | N=474 | Completed | Sponsor: Kevin Winthrop | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed
Trial completion • Infectious Disease • Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease
February 01, 2026
MM103 - Overlooked Risk: Ototoxicity Monitoring in Patients on Long-Term Azithromycin Therapy for Mycobacterium avium Complex Pulmonary Disease
(AAA 2026)
- "Core agents include macrolides (azithromycin or clarithromycin), ethambutol, and rifamycins (rifampin or rifabutin)...When aminoglycosides are introduced for macrolide-resistant disease, ototoxicity rates rise sharply, with hearing loss reported in 42% of patients treated with streptomycin and 27% treated with amikacin (Griffith et al., 2006)... Baseline and serial audiologic monitoring should be standard for patients with MAC, including those on macrolides. Interdisciplinary collaboration between infectious disease specialists and audiologists is essential for early detection, timely intervention, and patient counseling. This approach prevents irreversible hearing loss, supports treatment adherence, and improves overall patient outcomes.Brief Summary of Clinical Takeaways: The clinical takeaway for this session is to emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between audiologists and infectious disease specialists in MAC management."
Clinical • Bronchiectasis • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease • Otorhinolaryngology • Pulmonary Disease • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases
January 22, 2026
Adjunctive Intravitreal moxifloxacin and ranibizumab in the Management of Intraocular Tuberculoma.
(PubMed, Retin Cases Brief Rep)
- "Adjunctive intravitreal moxifloxacin and ranibizumab, when combined with systemic ATT and corticosteroids, appears to be a valuable therapeutic option in the management of intraocular tuberculoma, especially in cases with macular involvement. Tailored local therapy based on clinical phenotype may enhance lesion control and reduce systemic treatment duration."
Journal • Cataract • Glaucoma • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Uveitis
January 22, 2026
Clinical Characteristics and Management of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
(PubMed, Open Forum Infect Dis)
- "Azithromycin, the most prescribed drug, was discontinued prematurely because of toxicity in 35% (18/52) of patients, ethambutol in 33% (9/27), and clofazimine in only 12% (3/26). Immunocompromised status is associated with disseminated NTM-SSTI and worse treatment outcomes. Regardless of immune status, antimycobacterial drugs often cause toxicity, leading to treatment changes."
Journal • Retrospective data • Infectious Disease • Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease • Respiratory Diseases
January 27, 2026
Thioxo-Based Kojic Acid Derivatives as Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitors With Antitubercular and Antidermatophytic Potential.
(PubMed, Drug Dev Res)
- "Similarly, all thioxo-based analogs (6a-d) demonstrated antimycobacterial activity comparable to that of the reference drug ethambutol, particularly against Mycobacterium avium...Cytotoxicity assays in HeLa and MRC-5 cell lines revealed that the compounds remained bioactive at non-toxic concentrations ( ≥ 128 μg/mL). Overall, the replacement of the carbonyl group with a thioxo functionality markedly enhanced the bioactivity of the derivatives predictably through improved tyrosinase inhibition, highlighting their potential as promising lead scaffolds for the future development of multifunctional therapeutic agents."
Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • Tyrosinase
January 26, 2026
Disseminated Mycobacterium triviale infection: A rare case report and literature review.
(PubMed, J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis)
- "The results of a literature review underscore the critical role of MALDI-TOF MS in increasing the accuracy in detecting the pathogen. A regimen combining rifampin, fluoroquinolone, macrolide, and ethambutol appears to be a viable treatment option."
Journal • Infectious Disease • Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease • Respiratory Diseases
January 25, 2026
2-Aminothiophene and 2-aminothiazole scaffolds as potent antimicrobial agents: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and computational insights.
(PubMed, Bioorg Chem)
- "Several compounds exhibited potent antitubercular activity against Mtb H37Rv, with 4h, 4k, and 4l showing MIC values of 0.78 μg/mL, comparable to the standard drug Ethambutol...Collectively, these results identify compound 4k as a promising lead candidate against Mtb, underscoring the potential of the 2-aminothiophene scaffold as a valuable framework for antitubercular drug discovery. These findings encourage further exploration of 2-aminothiophene and 2-aminothiazole scaffolds by medicinal chemists for the development of novel, potent, and selective antitubercular and antibacterial drug candidates."
Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis
January 21, 2026
Ethambutol induces optic neuropathy through SDHB-mediated ferroptosis in retinal ganglion cells via Smad4 pathway.
(PubMed, Hum Cell)
- "Notably, its interaction with the promoter region of SDHB is inhibited by EMB. This study provides compelling evidence for the involvement of ferroptosis in EON and highlights SDHB and Smad4 as potential therapeutic targets for mitigating this adverse effect."
Journal • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Optic Neuritis • Pain • GPX4 • SDHB • SLC7A11 • SMAD4
January 19, 2026
Treatment and outcomes in patients with non-TB mycobacterial pulmonary disease: a single-centre study.
(PubMed, IJTLD Open)
- "To improve outcomes for NTM-PD patients, improved microbiological monitoring, guideline adherence, individualised therapy for high-risk patients, consideration of prolonged or intensified therapy, and better treatment regimens are needed."
Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis
January 19, 2026
A case of Mycobacterium avium-associated hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
(PubMed, IDCases)
- "Antigen avoidance combined with azithromycin and ethambutol led to sustained clinical and radiological improvement and successful steroid tapering without restrictive ventilatory impairment. This case underscores the importance of routinely sending mycobacterial cultures from bronchoalveolar lavage in suspected HP and of carefully reassessing environmental exposures, even in outdoor settings, as identifying NTM as the causative antigen can substantially modify management."
Journal • Immunology • Inflammation • Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • CD4 • CD8
January 07, 2026
Impact of surgical intervention in patients with macrolide-resistant mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: A multicenter study.
(PubMed, Eur J Cardiothorac Surg)
- "Surgical resection is a viable and safe therapeutic option for selected patients with MR-MAC pulmonary disease, with long-term infection control comparable to that of non-MR-MAC cases. These findings support early surgical intervention in carefully selected patients with localized destructive lesions."
Clinical • Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases
December 31, 2025
Surface-Engineered Ethambutol-Loaded Nanoparticles: Design, Fabrication, and In Vitro-In Vivo Evaluation for Tuberculosis Therapy.
(PubMed, Mol Pharm)
- "Collectively, the findings highlight the potential of orally administered Mn-ETB-SNs as a promising nanocarrier system for targeted TB therapy. The developed formulation offers improved bioavailability, site-specific drug delivery, and enhanced pulmonary targeting, addressing key limitations of conventional TB treatment."
Journal • Preclinical • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis
December 31, 2025
Genomic Profiling and Mutation Analysis of Mycobacterium bovis BCG Strains Causing Clinical Disease.
(PubMed, Microorganisms)
- "Two of the samples showed possible resistance to ethambutol. This would imply original misdiagnosis of the disease and subsequent ineffective treatment. This study emphasises the importance of genomic testing for accurate diagnosis of BCG disease and underscores the need for phylogenomic surveillance of M. bovis BCG strains circulating in South Africa."
Biomarker • Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis
December 31, 2025
Association of Antimicrobial Susceptibility with Treatment Response in Mycobacterium avium complex Pulmonary Disease.
(PubMed, Pathogens)
- "Our findings suggest an association between clarithromycin MICs and treatment outcomes in patients with MAC-PD receiving standard guideline-recommended regimens. Meanwhile, elevated ethambutol MICs exhibited potential clinical relevance, warranting further investigation."
Journal • Retrospective data • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases
December 23, 2025
A Study of Bedaquiline Administered as Part of a Treatment Regimen With Clarithromycin and Ethambutol in Adult Patients With Treatment-refractory Mycobacterium Avium Complex-lung Disease (MAC-LD)
(clinicaltrials.gov)
- P2/3 | N=129 | Completed | Sponsor: Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K. | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed
Trial completion • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases
December 22, 2025
Evaluation of automated pupillometry for early detection of ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy.
(PubMed, Br J Ophthalmol)
- "Temporal quadrant retinal nerve fibre layer change is correlated with pupillometry changes. AP holds promise for the early detection of ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy."
Journal • Infectious Disease • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Optic Neuritis • Pain • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis
December 21, 2025
Ethambutol-Associated Thrombocytopenia: A Rare Case Report of Drug-Induced Platelet Decline in Tuberculosis Treatment.
(PubMed, Am J Case Rep)
- "We discussed this case in relation to previously reported cases, and our findings were consistent with the only 2 cases documented in the literature. CONCLUSIONS Ethambutol can cause thrombocytopenia, which occurs within 2 weeks of its introduction and disappears within days of its discontinuation."
Journal • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Optic Neuritis • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Thrombocytopenia • Tuberculosis
December 19, 2025
Preclinical pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics studies defining the role of ethambutol in Mycobacterium kansasii lung disease.
(PubMed, Antimicrob Agents Chemother)
- "Rifampin, isoniazid, and ethambutol are the backbone of the regimen used to treat Mycobacterium kansasii-complex (MKC) lung disease. Doses >1,200 mg/day may have a higher likelihood of ocular toxicity. The risk of toxicity versus no microbial kill benefit in HFS-MKC suggests the need for better drugs compared to ethambutol in the treatment of MKC lung disease."
Journal • PK/PD data • Preclinical • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases
December 06, 2025
An in silico approach for screening non-synonymous SNPs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPE68 protein and impact on structure.
(PubMed, Sci Rep)
- "PPE68 has been implicated through computational methods in ethambutol (EMB) resistance, plausibly through gene-gene interactions with embA...This is in contrast to the unstable E44G, L167P and L167R which were more compact than the wildtype. Considering that the PPE family of proteins are highly disordered in their native form and presumably in their most stable conformation, these outcomes are conceivable."
Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis
December 05, 2025
High-Throughput Screening Using the Self-Controlled Tree-Based Scan Statistic to Identify Medications Associated With Hospitalization for Severe Acute Liver Injury.
(PubMed, Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf)
- "High-throughput screening using tree-based scan statistics detected potentially hepatotoxic drugs for investigation in future pharmacoepidemiology studies."
Journal • CNS Disorders • Gastroenterology • Hepatology • Liver Failure • Pain
December 01, 2025
Ccn1 Mediates Pyroptosis and Purine Metabolism Pattern Shifts in a High-Uric Acid Microenvironment After Spinal Cord Injury.
(PubMed, Mol Neurobiol)
- "In vivo groups: SCI (spinal cord injury only) (n = 6), hUA (induced hUA microenvironment by gavage with oxonic acid potassium salt 750 mg/kg and and ethambutol 250 mg/kg) (n = 6), AAV (Ccn1 knockdown via adeno-associated virus) (n = 6), and AAV + hUA (n = 6)...In vivo, Ccn1 knockdown significantly increased the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor scores of animals on the 7 days post-injury (AAV + hUA vs hUA: 3.33 ± 0.52 vs 2.00 ± 0.63, P < 0.05) and reduced neuronal pyroptosis. The hUA microenvironment upregulated Ccn1 expression, suppressed aerobic respiration, induced pyroptosis, and disrupted purine metabolism, Ccn1 knockdown reversed these biological processes, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for SCI."
Journal • CNS Disorders • Orthopedics • CCN1 • CCNA2
November 17, 2025
Delayed diagnosis of disseminated Mycobacterium intracellulare subsp. chimaera infective endocarditis via cell-free metagenomic next-generation sequencing: a case report.
(PubMed, ASM Case Rep)
- "Treatment included rifabutin, ethambutol, azithromycin, and amikacin, alongside a prednisone taper prescribed for a previously diagnosed undifferentiated inflammatory process. chimaera. Finally, we discuss pharmacotherapeutic factors, including the need for multiple agents over long durations, in this case with specific considerations given to the dissemination of infection into the central nervous system and potential drug-drug interactions, including steroids."
Biomarker • Journal • Next-generation sequencing • Cardiovascular • Infectious Disease • Otorhinolaryngology
November 10, 2025
Enhanced antimycobacterial efficacy of simulated inhaled clofazimine versus oral clofazimine in combination with azithromycin and ethambutol in a hollow-fiber system.
(PubMed, J Antimicrob Chemother)
- "Inhalation of clofazimine with an azithromycin-ethambutol backbone increases treatment efficacy and decreases the development of macrolide resistance compared to oral administration in a hollow-fiber system. This calls for a clinical trial of inhaled clofazimine."
Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases
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