candesartan cilexetil / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Decoding the Neuroprotective Intervention of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers: A Multimodal Approach Using In Silico Network Pharmacology, Molecular Modeling, and In Vivo Validation of Key Markers. (PubMed, ACS Chem Neurosci) - "Building on these findings, this study sought to compare the activity of azilsartan with other commonly used ARBs, including telmisartan, olmesartan, valsartan, eprosartan, irbesartan, and candesartan, using an integrative network pharmacology approach. To experimentally validate these predictions, in vivo studies were conducted in a scopolamine-induced memory-impaired model, which demonstrated significant restoration of the levels of AKT1 and PIK3CA. These findings clearly demonstrate the PI3K/AKT modulating effects of azilsartan, reinforcing its repurposing potential in dementia and related disorders, thereby expanding novel therapeutic opportunities within this drug class."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Dementia • AKT1 • PIK3CA • PIK3CB

A systematic review of commencing full dose antihypertensives in newly diagnosed hypertension. (PubMed, Blood Press) - "The review assessed commonly used antihypertensive drugs (perindopril 8 mg, ramipril 10 mg, amlodipine 10 mg, losartan 100 mg, irbesartan 300 mg, candesartan 16 mg and candesartan 32 mg) compared to low starting doses or placebo RCTs. The review indicates that initiating full dose antihypertensives for essential hypertension may be beneficial and safe. The available data are limited and further RCTs are required to assess this in specific patient groups to assess safety and efficacy."

Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Dementia • Hypertension • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Brain-derived extracellular vesicle proteomics reveals neuroprotection induced by the ARB candesartan in Parkinson's disease patients. (PubMed, NPJ Parkinsons Dis) - "Candesartan treatment led to the differential expression of key proteins involved in PD pathogenesis: 46 in neuron-derived EVs, 48 in microglia/macrophage-derived EVs, 22 in astrocyte-derived EVs, and 92 in oligodendrocyte-derived EVs. Our findings provide the first direct molecular evidence of neuroprotective mechanisms triggered by ARBs in PD patients and support the rationale for larger clinical trials on ARB repurposing."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Solid Tumor

Pharmacogenomics-Guided Precision Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease with Resistant Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study. (PubMed, Kidney Blood Press Res) - "PGx-guided precision therapy facilitates rapid BP control, reduces polypharmacy and adverse events, and delays kidney function decline in CKD patients with RH. This study, the first PGx clinical trial targeting a multi-ethnic population in Northwest China, offers valuable insights into personalized treatment approaches for CKD with RH in East Asia."

Biomarker • Journal • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Hypertension • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Candesartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, prevents cognitive impairment in female mice with mammary cancer. (PubMed, Brain Behav Immun) - "Candesartan lowered tumour necrosis factor (Tnf) expression and improved BBB integrity in the frontal cortex, supporting its anti-inflammatory role. We provide the first evidence that candesartan may offer a low-cost strategy to prevent cancer-related cognitive impairment by modulating the RAS, neuroinflammation and BBB permeability."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • Brain Cancer • Breast Cancer • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Oncology • Solid Tumor

The influence of blood pressure on susceptibility to spreading depolarization (EHF-EHC 2025) - "To examine the interplay between migraine susceptibility and chronic modulation of BP, both SHR and WKY rats were treated for three weeks with agents of distinct clinical profiles: amlodipine (antihypertension+; migraine prevention-), topiramate (migraine prevention+; antihypertension-), and candesartan (migraine prevention+; antihypertension+). Our findings highlight a link between BP and cortical excitability, which may mediate the clinical association between hypertension and increased migraine susceptibility. Modulating BP may reduce SD susceptibility, suggesting that optimizing BP control in patients with migraine may contribute to improved therapeutic outcomes, particularly in individuals with comorbid hypertension."

Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hypertension • Migraine

Clinical-genotype machine prescription for migraine – A HUNT study (EHF-EHC 2025) - "In total, 475 participants tried a preventive (amitriptyline, beta-blocker, candesartan or topiramate) and 565 a triptan (371 sumatriptan) during the project period. Figure 1 . SHAP bar blot of ten most important clinical features across all four preventive models"

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Pain

Candesartan exerts an antinociceptive effect in trigeminal pain model and reduces serotonin content in the brainstem (EHF-EHC 2025) - "Its effect after repeated administration may be related to the reduction of serotonin levels in the brainstem. These results could contribute to understanding the mechanism of action of candesartan in migraine prophylaxis."

Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Pain

Deciphering glioblastoma heterogeneity: Integrating molecular signatures and genomic landscapes to predict drug sensitivity and advance precision oncology (SNO 2025) - "Comprehensive drug screening was performed on these models, evaluating agents such as temozolomide, arsenic trioxide (ATO), TRC102, pevonedistat, TAS4464, candesartan cilexetil, selinexor, GB13, DSP-0390, and the combination of ATO with a MNK1 inhibitor. Future research will focus on analyzing CNV changes and transcriptomic differential expression within patient data and validating drug efficacy on patient-derived tumor cultures. This comprehensive strategy aims to translate preclinical discoveries into clinically relevant biomarkers, ultimately paving the way for personalized and more effective GBM treatments."

Heterogeneity • Brain Cancer • Glioblastoma • Solid Tumor

Middle meningeal artery lidocaine infusion for refractory migraine: First case report in Portugal (EHF-EHC 2025) - "Various pharmacologic classes were tried without benefit: antihypertensives and calcium channel blockers (propranolol, candesartan, flunarizine), antiepileptics (valproic acid, topiramate, oxcarbazepine), antidepressants (amitriptyline, nortriptyline, venlafaxine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, clomipramine), other preventives (prednisolone, oxitriptan, melatonin), cycles of botulinum toxin (PREEMPT protocol), monoclonal antibodies (galcanezumab, fremanezumab, erenumab), and atogepant. At the time of the procedure, the patient was on eptinezumab 100 mg and botulinum toxin every three months but continued to have daily headaches, with severe intensity and reliance on eletriptan for acute relief...It constitutes an invasive therapeutic approach that should be considered only as a rescue option for carefully selected patients with severely refractory migraine. Further studies and long-term follow-up are needed to assess efficacy and safety."

Case report • Clinical • Anorexia • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Pain

Precision medicine in migraine: Machine learning prediction of CGRP mAb treatment outcomes (EHF-EHC 2025) - "This observational, retrospective cohort study was conducted at SkåNeuro Neurology Clinic, Lund, Sweden, including CM patients receiving preventive treatment with anti-CGRP mAbs (erenumab, fremanezumab, galcanezumab)...Candesartan led to a significant reduction in MHDs at six months (p <0.001), whereas no additional benefit was observed with botulinum toxin...Dynamic, personalized treatment enhances effectiveness of CGRP mAbs in CM. ML tools can support precision medicine by predicting likely responders and informing individualized care strategies."

Clinical • Machine learning • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Pain

Superiority of candesartan over topiramate in the treatment of migraine: A comparative cohort study (EHF-EHC 2025) - "Candesartan appears better tolerated and more effective than topiramate. These findings suggest a need to revise treatment guidelines to avoid exposing patients to less tolerable and less effective therapies."

Head-to-Head • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Pain

Beyond CGRP receptor blockade: Exploring the mechanisms of traditional migraine prophylactic drugs propranolol and candesartan (EHF-EHC 2025) - "In CSD model, topiramate and amlodipine were also studied. Instead, inhibition of CSD may represent a mechanism underlying their prophylactic actions. Their potential presynaptic effects on endogenous CGRP release remain to be investigated."

CNS Disorders • Depression • Migraine • Pain

Do we still need non-specific oral prophylaxis for migraine treatment in CGRP-era? Real-life results from an Italian tertiary headache center (EHF-EHC 2025) - "Of the remaining, 354 (56%) received anti-CGRP agents and/or onabotulinumtoxinA injectios; 16 (2.5%) preferred a non-Pharmacological Treatment, and 99 (15.7%) did not need preventive prescription. Among those receiving oral prevention, the drug offered was: tricyclic antidepressants in 52 (31.9%) patients, Beta-blockers in 36 (22.1%), anticonvulsants in 19 (11.7%), Calcium Channel Blockers (flunarizine) in 26 (15.9%), SNRIs in 14 (8.6%), ACEIs/ARBs (candesartan) in 10 (3.7%) and combination of two drugs in 6 (3.7%)...The most frequently prescribed treatments were antidepressants and Beta-blockers. In light of these observations, even in CGRP era, we suggest still an important role of oral conventional prophylaxis in the Headache Center setting."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Pain

Deciphering glioblastoma heterogeneity: Integrating molecular signatures and genomic landscapes to predict drug sensitivity and advance precision oncology (WFNOS 2025) - "Comprehensive drug screening was performed on these models, evaluating agents such as temozolomide, arsenic trioxide (ATO), TRC102, pevonedistat, TAS4464, candesartan cilexetil, selinexor, GB13, DSP-0390, and the combination of ATO with a MNK1 inhibitor. Future research will focus on analyzing CNV changes and transcriptomic differential expression within patient data and validating drug efficacy on patient-derived tumor cultures. This comprehensive strategy aims to translate preclinical discoveries into clinically relevant biomarkers, ultimately paving the way for personalized and more effective GBM treatments."

Heterogeneity • Brain Cancer • Glioblastoma • Glioma • Solid Tumor

Novel APLNR antagonist candesartan induces tumor vascular normalization through ROS/cGAS/STING axis and augmented sunitinib response in breast cancer. (PubMed, J Exp Clin Cancer Res) - No abstract available

Journal • Breast Cancer • Oncology • Solid Tumor • STING

Surfactant-Enriched Cross-Linked Scaffold as an Environmental and Manufacturing Feasible Approach to Boost Dissolution of Lipophilic Drugs. (PubMed, Pharmaceutics) - " Scaffold former (Pluronic F68) and scaffold trigger agent (propylene glycol) were used to prepare cross-linked scaffold loaded with candesartan cilexetil as a model for lipophilic drugs... Surfactant-enriched cross-linked scaffold reduced environmental impact by eliminating organic solvents usage and reducing energy consumption. Moreover, it offers significant manufacturing advantages through simplified production processing."

Journal

Blocked Atrial Bigeminy as an Unusual Cause of Bradycardia: A Case Report. (PubMed, Int Med Case Rep J) - "Therapy with flecainide and amiodarone separately was not effective...The target values of blood pressure were achieved with candesartan at a dose of 32 mg...Recognition of the P wave superimposed on the ST segment or the T wave may be a clue for a correct diagnosis. Physicians should be aware of this condition to avoid unnecessary pacemaker implantation."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Hypertension • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Inverse Agonist Activity of Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Is Crucial for Prevention of Progressive Aortic Dilatation in Marfan Syndrome. (PubMed, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol) - "Selective AT1 (angiotensin II type 1) receptor blockade is a preventive option against Marfan syndrome aortopathy, and recent clinical studies demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of an ARB (AT1 receptor blocker) losartan on aortic aneurysm growth is equivalent to that of β-blockers. In addition, candesartan cilexetil, but not candesartan-7H, suppressed activation of mechanosensitive signaling involving focal adhesion kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and early growth response-1 in the ascending aorta of Fbn1C1041G/+ mice. Our findings support a crucial role of inverse agonist activity of ARB for the prevention of mechanical stress-induced AT1 receptor activation and aortic aneurysm progression in Marfan syndrome mice."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Genetic Disorders • EGR1 • FBN1 • TGFB1

Targeting asparagine and cysteine in SARS-CoV-2 variants and human pro-inflammatory mediators to alleviate COVID-19 severity; a cross-section and in-silico study. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "During the early pandemic, the IL-6 inhibitor (tocilizumab) was the widely used approved immunotherapy for critically ill patients; however, a subset of ICU cases exhibited normal interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and failed to respond...Several phytochemicals, including phytic acid and amygdalin, as well as synthetic agents such as candesartan, remdesivir, and enalapril, were found to preferentially bind to cysteine (Cys) residues-and, to a lesser extent, asparagine (Asn) residues-within key binding interfaces, in addition to targeting B-cell epitopes...This dual-perspective approach not only identified IL-17 and IL-6 as independent severity predictors but also revealed conserved Asn and Cys motifs as critical therapeutic targets, leading to novel strategies-such as ASNase, synthetic agents and phytochemical combinations-for simultaneously blocking viral entry and modulating hyperinflammatory pathways. These findings warrant rigorous experimental and clinical validation to..."

Biomarker • IO biomarker • Journal • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases • IL17A • IL6R • ITGA2B • ITGB3 • SIRPA

Prolonged Prophylactic Migraine Therapy Associated With Reduction in Frequency and Severity of Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome Episodes: A Retrospective Review (ACG 2025) - "Prophylactic therapies included amitriptyline, propranolol, topiramate, and candesartan. Of 54 patients with CVS, 16 met inclusion criteria. Mean episode frequency declined from 5.2 episodes/year pre-treatment to 1.6 episodes/year post-treatment (p< 0.001). Average episode duration also decreased from 3.4 days to 1.7 days (p=0.002)."

Retrospective data • Review • CNS Disorders • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Migraine • Pain • Rare Diseases

Virtual screening of drugs against multiple targets of Alzheimer's disease. (PubMed, J Alzheimers Dis) - "BackgroundDrug repurposing offers a rapid, cost-effective approach for discovering therapies against multiple targets.ObjectiveHere, we screen virtual ligand libraries consisting of 3468 approved drugs against 11 protein targets associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsWe employ blind molecular docking, and target amyloid-β (Aβ), microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP), β-secretase (BACE1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and 2 (PSEN2), and α-synuclein (SNCA) proteins using AutoDock Vina.ResultsNotably, multitarget binding recurs among the top-10 ligands with Ergotamine and Dihydroergotamine potentially binding 8; Dutasteride 7; Drospirenone and Nilotinib 6; Adapalene and Conivaptan 5; Bromocriptine 4; and Rolapitant, Irinotecan, Plerixafor, Saquinavir, and Telmisartan 3, out of 11 protein targets. Likewise,..."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hypertension • Inflammation • Pain • APOE • BDNF • MAPT • SNCA

Efficacy and safety of Ambrisentan on idiopathic membranous nephropathy----a prospective, multi-center, randomized and controlled study (ChiCTR) - P=N/A | N=80 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University; Army Medical University

New trial • Glomerulonephritis • Renal Disease

Candesartan preserves aortic structure and function in cisplatin-treated rats by upregulating SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and suppressing oxidative stress, TLR-4/NF-κB signaling, and necroptosis. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - "These findings suggest that CAN protects against CIS-induced vascular injury through coordinated suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation, and necroptosis, alongside upregulation of SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and restoration of vascular function. CAN may represent a promising vascular-protective strategy in patients undergoing CIS chemotherapy."

Journal • Preclinical • Cardiovascular • Inflammation • Oncology • CASP8 • IL10 • KEAP1 • MPO • RIPK1 • TLR4

Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel, Phase 2 Clinical Trial to Compare and Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of SPC1001 and Monotherapy in Patients With Essential Hypertension. (PubMed, Clin Ther) - P2 | "Low-dose triple combination therapies may be effective for treating hypertension."

Clinical • Journal • Monotherapy • P2 data • Cardiovascular • Hypertension • MID2