phenytoin / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

In Silico molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation of transferrin coated Phenytoin loaded SLNs with molecular targets of epilepsy. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "Furthermore, the complexes of Phenytoin reveal very stable dynamics with average RMSD, RMSF and ROG values with stable carbon-alpha atoms confirmation at different intervals. In conclusion, these molecules are promising and require experimental validation to prove them as epilepsy inhibitors."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • BCL2 • BDNF • IL1B

Less is more: minimum sample volume for the free phenytoin assay on the Roche Cobas c503 analyzer. (PubMed, Clin Biochem) - No abstract available

Journal

Therapeutic vancomycin monitoring: a comparative analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography and chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay methods in liver transplant recipients. (PubMed, Front Pharmacol) - "The study included 34 adult LTRs on vancomycin treatment, excluding those with hypersensitivity, chronic kidney disease, burn injuries, or receiving phenytoin. HPLC is more sensitive and reliable than CMIA for measuring vancomycin levels in LTRs, which is critical for optimizing vancomycin therapy and preventing adverse effects. The research suggests that HPLC should be the preferred method for vancomycin TDM in LTRs and further multicenter studies are recommended to validate these results."

Journal • Chronic Kidney Disease • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Solid Organ Transplantation • Transplantation

Biopsy Confirmed Skin Drug Eruption in Setting of Ticagrelor Use. (PubMed, J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep) - "When there is concern that a rash may be a drug eruption reaction, there are many well-known culprits such as antibiotics and phenytoin...Although the patient was not taking any well-known offending agents, her ticagrelor was discontinued and she was transitioned to clopidogrel...Drug eruptions are a common etiology for rashes leading to presentation in primary care clinics. Our patient illustrates an exceedingly rare case of ticagrelor-induced drug reaction, as a review of the literature shows only 2 previously published case reports."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Dermatology • Genetic Disorders • Inflammation • Metabolic Disorders • Myocardial Infarction • Obesity

Drug treatment alters performance in a neural microphysiological system of information processing. (PubMed, Commun Biol) - "We therefore tested three anti-seizure medications (ASMs), phenytoin, perampanel, and carbamazepine, on NGN2 neurons from day 21 of differentiation in this system. Notably, only inhibitory compounds enhanced goal-directed activity, linking glutamatergic attenuation to performance. Neurocomputational analysis revealed nuanced pharmacological responses during closed-loop stimulation, highlighting insights beyond spontaneous activity metrics."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • NEUROG2

Neuroinflammation leads to pharmacoresistance in temporal lobe epilepsy via promoting spermine degradation. (PubMed, Acta Pharmacol Sin) - "LPS induced-neuroinflammation significantly decreased the antiseizure efficacy of phenytoin (PHT), carbamazepine (CBZ) and rufinamide (RUF), all the ASMs tested were unable to alleviate the seizure severities. Finally, intrahippocampal injection of spermine restored the efficacy of ASMs on action potential firings and sodium currents, resulting in the reversal of pharmacoresistance in LPS-treated TLE models. These results provide new evidence that neuroinflammation causes pharmacoresistance in TLE via promoting spermine degradation, and highlight spermine supplementation as a promising therapy for pharmacoresistant TLE."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Inflammation

Transformative Dental Care in Pediatric Moebius Syndrome: Bridging Oral Health and Systemic Management During Prolonged Hospitalization. (PubMed, Spec Care Dentist) - "Feeding and medication were administered via gastrostomy, and she was under a regimen of phenobarbital, phenytoin, and benzodiazepines for epilepsy control. Key interventions included extraction of deciduous teeth to prevent bronchopulmonary aspiration, management of sialorrhea using scopolamine and botulinum toxin, selective wear of deciduous canines to mitigate self-mutilation, and monitoring drug-induced gingival hyperplasia. This case underscores the essential role of dental care in maintaining oral health, preventing complications such as respiratory infections, and enhancing the quality of life for syndromic patients under prolonged mechanical ventilation."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Genetic Disorders • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics • Respiratory Diseases

Lupus anticoagulant hypoprothrombinemia syndrome in a child: a case report (ISTH 2025) - "Predisposition conditions include autoimmune diseases, medications (i.e. quinidine, phenytoin) or infections...Repeat testing at 12 weeks, typically recommended for LAC, was pending at this time of this report. Table or Figure Upload"

Case report • Clinical • Cardiovascular • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Thrombosis

Estimation of anti-seizure medication need among people with patients in Lao PDR. (PubMed, Epilepsy Behav) - "The comparison of these estimates with the existing importation processes and availability of ASMs in Laos sheds light on the gaps in meeting the medication needs of the population with epilepsy. It underscores the urgency of policy interventions and adjustments in drug importation processes to meet the medication needs of the epileptic population in Lao population."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

Seizure prophylaxis and its impact on busulfan pharmacokinetics and dosing in a novel timed sequential protocol: MD Anderson experience. (PubMed, Transplant Cell Ther) - "High dose busulfan (Bu) is widely used in conditioning regimens for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. There was no difference in efficacy of seizure prophylaxis between phenytoin and levetiracetam, and there were no experienced adverse events related to levetiracetam. Our results indicate that levetiracetam is a safe and efficacious alternative to phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis in Bu-based conditioning regimens in stem cell transplantation, notably without the significant drug-drug interaction observed with phenytoin."

Journal • PK/PD data • Bone Marrow Transplantation • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Transplantation

A Clinical Study of Belzutifan (MK-6482) Alone or With Phenytoin in Healthy Participants (CA46602/MK-6482-035) (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=14 | Completed | Sponsor: Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion

Blistering Discovery: A Rare Case of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Triggered by Carboplatin and Radiotherapy (EAACI 2025) - "He was diagnosed with TEN and admitted for treatment with subcutaneous etanercept (50mg) and intravenous methylprednisolone (7 mg/day)...Patch testing with where patch tests with multiple anticonvulsants in DMS (carbamazepine 10%, oxcarbazepine 10, phenytoin 10%, phenobarbital 1%, eslicarbazepine 10%, lamotrigine 10%, levetiracetam 10%, and DMSO control, yielded positive results at 96 hours for all components including the DMSO control... Biopsies revealed a "Lichenoid pattern dermatitis with extensive keratinocyte necrosis and eosinophilia" consistent with erythema multiforme. Upon discharge, the patient was advised to avoid aromatic anticonvulsants, platinum agents, and taxanes. One month post-reaction, the Drug-allergy Unit of Hospital Gregorio Marañón evaluated the patient."

Clinical • Dermatitis • Immunology

DRESS syndrome in patients with drug-induced liver injury: Characteristics and HLA risk factors. (PubMed, Am J Gastroenterol) - "Patients with DILI and DRESS are younger, more likely to be Black, had shorter time to DILI onset with more severe liver injury and higher overall and liver-related mortality. HLA A*32:01, HLA B*53:01 and HLA B*58:01 are risk factors for DILI-DRESS."

Journal • Eosinophilia • Hepatology • Liver Failure

DRESS syndrome secondary to phenytoin: a case report and review of the literature. (PubMed, Ann Med Surg (Lond)) - "Initial treatment with oral prednisolone and levocetirizine provided partial relief. Later, Phenytoin was discontinued and replaced with levetiracetam resulting in progressive improvement...DRESS syndrome should be suspected in patients on antiepileptics presenting with rash, eosinophilia, and systemic involvement. Timely drug withdrawal and corticosteroid therapy are essential for optimal outcomes."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Dermatology • Eosinophilia • Epilepsy • Pruritus • CRP

On-Cell Stability of Digoxin, Lithium, Phenytoin, Valproic Acid, and Vancomycin for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. (PubMed, J Appl Lab Med) - "All 5 drugs showed adequate stability in unprocessed clotted blood for up to 12 hours at RT. This data can alleviate constraints on processing samples for therapeutic drug monitoring in the clinical laboratory."

Journal

Modified QuEChERS for antiepileptic drugs detection in forensic toxicology. (PubMed, MethodsX) - "This study aims to concurrently assess the blood concentrations of antiepileptic drugs including phenobarbital, carbamazepine, primidone, phenytoin in post-mortem samples through the application modified QuEChERS extraction. The equation of linear calibration curve was obtained with regression coefficient > 0.99. Detection limits were in the range of 0.21-0.38 ng/mL.•This method is inexpensive and fast for determination of antiepileptic drugs in serum•This method has high thought of sample determination.•This method is green chemistry method."

Journal

Prevalence and predictors of co-occurring functional seizure in patients with epilepsy at a tertiary care center in Makkah. (PubMed, Ann Saudi Med) - "Patients with combined disorders are more likely to be male, shorter epilepsy duration, had salary income, focal epilepsy, frontal localization, history of head trauma, intellectual disability and be on higher ASMs, phenytoin as ASMs, depression, anxiety and more likely to be on psychiatric treatment. The study was a retrospective study."

Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Depression • Developmental Disorders • Epilepsy • General Anxiety Disorder • Major Depressive Disorder • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry

Antiepileptic drugs for de-novo seizures prevention after craniotomy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of current evidence (Euroanaesthesia 2025) - "With the single exception of carbamazepine [OR 2.68; 95%CI 1.16-6.22; P-score 0.08], none of the implemented AEDs affected mortality versus placebo. Phenytoin [OR 4.68; 95%CI 1.43-15.27; P-score 0.29] presented a higher incidence of treatment-related AEs imposing drug discontinuation compared to other treatment regimens.Conclusion(s): Our NMA indicates that, in seizure-naive individuals subjected to craniotomy, levetiracetam effectively prevents postoperative total and short-term seizure activity. Moreover, levetiracetam presents an enhanced safety profile, yet no statistical superiority over other AEDs, placebo, or no-treatment could be demonstrated."

Retrospective data • Review • Brain Cancer • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Oncology • Solid Tumor

Exploring anesthetic strategies in rare disorders: a case of molybdenum cofactor deficiency (Euroanaesthesia 2025) - "The patient weighed 9 kg and displayed severe neurological symptoms, spasticity and intractable seizures, despite a regimen of anticonvulsants (vigabatrin, levetiracetam, phenytoin, and diazepam). Sevoflurane was chosen for its ability to enhance GABA-mediated neuronal inhibition, reducing excitability and seizure risk, while supporting spontaneous ventilation. It offers an alternative to agents like propofol, which should be avoided due to its high lipid content²."

Clinical • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Movement Disorders • Rare Diseases

An Unusual Case of Seizures in a Patient with Concomitant Autoimmune Hypoparathyroidism and Coeliac Disease (ENDO 2025) - "He had recurrent diarrhea which later reduced and he was on phenytoin...Theres are positive outcomes with using recombinant human parathyroid hormone to aid chronic cases. This case highlights the importance of considering malabsorptive disorders in hypocalcemia and seizure disorders."

Clinical • Celiac Disease • CNS Disorders • Depression • Diabetes • Endocrine Disorders • Epilepsy • Hypoparathyroidism • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Musculoskeletal Pain • Pain • Psychiatry • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Trends in prescription of new antiseizure medications in a single center in Latin America: evidence of clinical practice. (PubMed, Front Neurol) - "Of 1,192 prescriptions, third-generation ASMs accounted for the majority (53.7%), led by levetiracetam (24.1%), lamotrigine (14%), and lacosamide (6%). Second-generation ASMs comprised 42.4%, including valproate (21.5%), carbamazepine (11.3%), and clonazepam (5.5%). First-generation ASMs were less frequently prescribed (3.9%), primarily phenytoin (2.3%), primidone (1.0%), and phenobarbital (0.3%)...First-generation ASMs are still prescribed but at lower rates. These results provide insights into changing prescription practices and access to newer medications, informing future research and hospital policies."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

DRESS Syndrome with Cold Agglutinins: An Unusual Immune Response to Anticonvulsants. (PubMed, Curr Drug Saf) - "Cold agglutination in DRESS syndrome has not been documented in detail in the past. One hypothesis is the agglutination of red blood cells (RBCs) due to the effect of the pathogenetic antibodies in DRESS syndrome directed against RBC antigens. Further molecular research may elucidate the pathways of this rare clinical finding."

Journal • Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia • Complement-mediated Rare Disorders • Eosinophilia • Hematological Disorders • Inflammation • Neuralgia • Pain

Stroke and Thrombotic Events Associated With Concomitant Use of Oral Anticoagulants and Antiepileptic Drugs in the United States and Japan. (PubMed, Cureus) - "We observed an increase in the odds of reporting anticoagulation treatment failure among patients treated with DOACs and concomitant first-generation AEDs compared to those treated with control AEDs in the FAERS database. Care should be taken when administering dabigatran, apixaban, and rivaroxaban."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Ischemic stroke

Anticonvulsant Profiles of Three Hemorphin-4 Analogs with Rhodamine B in Mice. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "Phenytoin and diazepam were used as the reference drugs. The results of docking analysis also showed the model-specific interaction of the three Rh-H4 compounds with the OR. Our results suggest that the antiseizure activity of Rh-1 is mediated by the OR, and in particular by the DOR, while the mechanism underlying the antiseizure effect of Rh-3 is more complex and may involve other receptors."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

Intrinsic Dissolution Modeling: Interdependence Between Dissolution Rate, Solubility, and Boundary Layer Thickness. (PubMed, Pharmaceutics) - " In this study, the intrinsic dissolution of various pharmaceutical model substances (benzocaine, carbamazepine, griseofulvin, ibuprofen, naproxen, phenytoin, theophylline monohydrate, and trimethoprim) was investigated in dissolution experiments, taking into account the flow conditions in a dissolution channel apparatus. Besides the prediction of the influence of a surface reaction limitation or the solubility of a diffusion controlled drug, the boundary layer thickness at the tablet surface is modellable in terms of a freely selectable length and as a function of the diffusion coefficient, drug solubility, and the flow velocity of the dissolution medium. Using different methods and a large dataset, this study presents a modeling approach that can contribute to a deeper understanding of intrinsic dissolution behavior."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry