vancomycin / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Vancomycin heteroresistance (hVISA) in MRSA links to treatment failure and supports a revised PAP-AUC threshold. (PubMed, Nat Commun) - "Using maximally selected rank statistics, we identify a PAP-AUC threshold of 0.65 as the first clinically derived breakpoint predictive of mortality risk, providing an actionable definition of vancomycin heteroresistance. These findings underscore the clinical relevance of hVISA, and support routine testing for heteroresistance to inform treatment decisions."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Impact of broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure on outcomes following autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma or Hodgkin lymphoma (ASH 2025) - "Antibiotic exposure in the peri-transplant period was recorded, defined as receipt of greater than one day of: broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics (cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, cephalosporins, or monobactams) or vancomycin. The BSA group was separately analyzed according to specific anaerobic coverage (metronidazole, carbapenems, piperacillin-tazobactam, or clindamycin) or not... In this retrospective cohort study of ASCT recipients, early exposure to BSA and AA were associated with decreased OS in univariate analysis, however in multivariate analysis only age remained significant. These findings suggest that while antibiotic exposure may correlate with outcomes, its effect is likely mediated by other clinical factors such as age, or may reflect underlying illness severity, rather than a direct causal relationship. Prospective studies are needed to clarify whether modification of antibiotic exposure can meaningfully improve long-term transplant outcomes without..."

Clinical • B Cell Lymphoma • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma • Hematological Malignancies • Hodgkin Lymphoma • Lymphoma • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Transplantation

Less is more: Improving outcomes in haemato-oncology with optimal antibiotic use for febrile neutropenia (ASH 2025) - "Management of FN: Rapid administration of piperacillin-tazobactam and amikacin (Piptaz/Ami) for fever (≥38°C) with neutropenia (≤0.5x10 9 /L or expected neutropenia) after taking BCs...Two patients had relapsed AML, 2 newly diagnosed AML (on Venetoclax/Azacytidine and one on palliative Hydroxycarbamide), and 1 post-haploidentical HSCT for lymphoma... Patient population: 49% had AML/MDS; 66% had active disease (presentation or relapse). Treatment modalities: intensive chemotherapy (37%) autologous (37%) or allogeneic HSCT (13%). Median age was 57 years (23-85)."

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Cerebral Hemorrhage • Febrile Neutropenia • Hematological Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Lymphoma • Myelodysplastic Syndrome • Neutropenia • Pneumonia • Renal Disease

Quantifying the impact of vancomycin on short and long term renal function in a contemporary real-world pediatric stem cell transplant cohort (ASH 2025) - "Commonly used agents such as vancomycin, amphotericin, cidofovir, and others are effective at combating life-threatening infections in transplant recipients, but the tradeoff in short- and long-term renal injury may be significant. Sub-analyses to look separately at allogeneic vs autologous transplant receipients are also underway. This work highlights the need to quantify toxicities and side effects of therapies and paves the way for future efforts to minimize iatrogenic harm without compromising infection control."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • Acute Kidney Injury • Chronic Kidney Disease • Infectious Disease • Nephrology • Pediatrics • Renal Disease • Transplantation

Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Causing Healthcare-Associated Bloodstream Infections in Brazil: Results from A Prospective Countrywide Multicenter Study. (PubMed, Infect Dis Ther) - "The recently reported ST105(CC5)-SCCmecII-t002 clone has disseminated in hospitals from different Brazilian regions, together with other lineages that have been previously associated with community-associated infections, composed a new molecular landscape of MRSA causing HA BSIs in Brazil."

Clinical • Journal • Infectious Disease

Whole-genome analysis of Lysinibacillus boronitolerans MSR1: A dairy-isolated multidrug-resistant and non-pathogenic strain. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed a high level of resistance in MSR1 to glycopeptides and aminoglycosides, while the strain remained susceptible to imipenem, with in silico analysis identifying key antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, including qacJ, vanW, vanT, and FosBx1, which confer resistance to disinfectants, vancomycin, and fosfomycin through efflux pumps and target modification mechanisms. Functional annotation of core, accessory, and unique genes revealed that core genes are predominantly associated with metabolic processes, while accessory and unique genes are involved in information processing, storage, and defence mechanisms. These findings enhance our understanding of the genomic diversity, evolutionary dynamics, and potential adaptive strategies of L. boronitolerans MSR1, providing new insights into its ecological and functional roles."

Journal • CAT

Antibiotic exposure alters the LEAP-2/ghrelin axis and anti-inflammatory tone in aged male rat liver and adipose tissue. (PubMed, Biogerontology) - "We investigated whether a short course of broad-spectrum antibiotics (vancomycin-metronidazole-neomycin-ampicillin; VMNA) alters LEAP-2 and ghrelin levels in the liver and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) of aged male rats, and whether these changes coincide with modifications in IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-1β. These findings demonstrate that even a one-week antibiotic regimen induces tissue-specific alterations in the LEAP-2/ghrelin axis-characterized by reduced hepatic LEAP-2 signaling, suppressed adipose ghrelin, and diminished anti-inflammatory tone. Overall, the data suggest that aged male rats exhibit heightened vulnerability to antibiotic-induced perturbations in LEAP-2/ghrelin regulation, underscoring the interplay between microbiota-related influences, inflammaging, and age-associated metabolic imbalance."

Journal • Preclinical • Inflammation • IL10 • IL1B • TNFA

Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota induces brain inflammation in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis via the gut-brain axis (ASH 2025) - "A suspension containing 0.2 g/L ampicillin, 0.2 g/L metronidazole, 0.2 g/L neomycin, and 0.1 g/L vancomycin was provided for lactating female rats to drink freely to establish a pseudo-sterile rat model. (Acknowledgements: This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant No. 32370139 to Hongying Fan)"

Dysbiosis • Gut Microbiota • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Septic Shock • GATA3 • IL1B • IL6 • OCLN • TJP1 • TNFA

MaaT013 for ruxolitinib-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease with gastrointestinal involvement: Results from the ARES phase III trial (ASH 2025) - P3 | "The treatment period included apreparatory course of 2-day oral vancomycin [250 mg 4 times a day (D)] followed by rectal administrationof 3 MaaT013 doses (on D1, D5 and D10). Out of 26 fatal AEs, one was deemed related toMaaT013.ConclusionResults from the ARES study demonstrate that MaaT013 induces frequent and deep responsestranslating into prolonged survival and an acceptable safety profile in patients with aGvHD whopreviously failed both systemic steroids and ruxolitinib, a population characterized by poor clinicaloutcomes with limited therapeutic options. These positive primary analysis results support MaaT013 asthe first microbiome-based therapy for the treatment of refractory aGvHD."

P3 data • Acute Graft versus Host Disease • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Graft versus Host Disease • Immunology

Revisiting acute chest syndrome (ACS) associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) vaso-occlusive pain episodes (VOE): Insight from a prospective, multicenter Phase-3 randomized controlled trial (ASH 2025) - P3 | "ACSseverity was defined a priori as mild (no oxygen (O2) use or RBC transfusion), moderate (O2 use ortransfusion), or severe (bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) use, intubation, or pediatric intensive careunit (PICU) transfer). 271 patients enrolled (median age 15[11,18] years, 51% male; 74% HbSS/Sb°; 76% onHydroxyurea (HU)...Across all sites, 96% of patients receivedantibiotics (50% ceftriaxone, 28% ampicillin-sulbactam, 7% vancomycin, 11% other) and 82% receivedazithromycin. Site-level use ranged from 0-100% for ceftriaxone and 50-100% for azithromycin... ACS remains common in patients with SCD-VOE (20%), with 14% of ACS diagnosed duringtheir hospital stay. Two-thirds of subjects who developed ACS had a CXR done in the ED that wasnegative. ACS may have been missed in patients who did not get a CXR, and radiographic changes oftenlag behind symptoms."

Clinical • P3 data • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Cardiovascular • Cough • Genetic Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Pain • Respiratory Diseases • Sickle Cell Disease

Recreational use of nitrous oxide resulting in severe B12 deficiency, pancytopenia and hemolytic anemia (ASH 2025) - "Case description We present a case of a 24-year-old female with a past medical history of iron deficiency anemia,substance-use disorder including fentaNYL abuse and recreational nitrous oxide presented to theemergency department with shortness of breath, weakness, fatigue, and recurrent fevers, chills, myalgia,and lightheadedness...Patient started on vancomycin andcefepime for septic shock...For manypatients, stopping recreational nitrous oxide and supplementing vitamin B12 is sufficient to improvepancytopenia, but prolonged deficiency of vitamin B12 can lead to permanent axonal damage. This casehighlights the importance of recognizing vitamin B12 deficiency in recreational nitrous oxide users, andpreventing hematological and long-term neurological complications."

Anemia • CNS Disorders • Eosinophilia • Hematological Disorders • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Influenza • Musculoskeletal Pain • Neutropenia • Pneumonia • Respiratory Diseases • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections • Septic Shock • Thrombocytopenia

Impact of antibiotic timing on survival outcomes in CD19 and BCMA CAR-T cell therapy (ASH 2025) - "In particular, the PIM(piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, and meropenem) have been implicated with poor outcomes.This ispossibly related to dysregulation of the gut microbiome and/or impairment of hematopoietic recovery.Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of pre and post CAR-T antibiotics in patients receiving both CD19and BCMA CAR-T cell therapy. This is a single-center retrospective study of adult patients with multiple myeloma, B-celllymphoma, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with autologous CD19 and BCMA targeting CAR-Tcell therapy at our center between April 2017 and August 2024. CD19 CAR-T cell products includedlisocabtagene maraleucel, tisagenlecleucel, brexucabtagene autoleucel, and axicabtagene ciloleucel.BCMA CAR-T cell products included idecabtagene vicleucel and ciltacabtagene autoleucel...Post CAR-T antibiotics were largely fourthgeneration cephalosporins such as cefepime in combination with vancomycin... Exposure to antibiotics in the 30 days..."

CAR T-Cell Therapy • Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia • B Cell Lymphoma • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Lymphoma • Multiple Myeloma • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) colonization is associated with worse outcomes post allogenic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASH 2025) - "ConclusionWhile gut microbiota sequencing is limited by cost and turnaround time. VRE colonization is a costeffective and is associated with worse outcomes following allo-HSCT including overall survival."

Acute Graft versus Host Disease • Acute Myelogenous Leukemia • Bone Marrow Transplantation • Graft versus Host Disease • Immunology • Transplantation • CD4

Disruption of the gut microbiota promotes chronic inflammation in JAK2V617F-driven MPN: Evidence from mouse and human studies (ASH 2025) - "Addition of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) (2% in drinkingwater), a widely used reagent for creating animal models of inflammatory bowel disease to JAK2V617Fmice compared to WT mice, led to rapid weight loss (P=0.006) and a significant increase in mortality rate(P=0.02), demonstrating JAK2V617F mice are more vulnerable to intestinal damage.Vancomycin targets gram-positive bacteria, which are enriched in the guts of JAK2V617F mice...While long-term antibiotic use is not a viableclinical strategy, these results highlight the potential of other cost-effective microbiome-targetedapproaches–such as probiotics, dietary modulation–as adjunctive therapies. By shifting focus tomodulation of inflammation through gut health, this work opens a new translational path for improvingoutcomes in MPN."

Gut Microbiota • Preclinical • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Myeloproliferative Neoplasm • Thrombosis • LBP • TGFB1 • TINCR • VCAM1

Lachnospiraceae-mediated bile acid metabolism promotes ileal epithelial regeneration following graft-versus-host disease damage (ASH 2025) - "Given that the number of ileal Paneth cells was significantlycorrelated with both GVHD clinical and histological scores of the ileum in this model, we utilized Panethcell numbers as a marker of impaired epithelial regeneration and GVHD severity.To investigate the impact of the ileal microbiota on ileal epithelial damage, we depleted the ilealmicrobiota using an antibiotic cocktail (ampicillin, enrofloxacin, metronidazole, and vancomycin) inallogeneic mice after SpTCD...was abrogated by cholestyramine, which binds andsequesters BAs broadly.The use of antibiotics is often necessary in allo-HSCT patients to treat bacterial infections...Preserving the abundance of Lachno spp. ortheir BA metabolic activity may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance epithelial regenerationand reduce the severity of GVHD."

Bone Marrow Transplantation • Graft versus Host Disease • Immunology • Infectious Disease • THY1

Spiral Vein Graft Reconstruction for an Infected Common Femoral Artery Pseudoaneurysm after Vascular Closure Device and Stent-Graft Failure: A Case Report. (PubMed, Vasc Specialist Int) - "The lesion was complicated by vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and arterial wall destruction...The patient recovered uneventfully with patent reconstruction and no recurrence. This case highlights the risk of VCD-related infections and supports spiral vein grafting as a durable option."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Infectious Disease • Nephrology

GD04 (P064) A study of multidrug resistance pattern in scabies-associated infections in endemic communities. (PubMed, Br J Dermatol) - "High resistance was noted for erythromycin (91.6%) and ciprofloxacin (53.7%). Gentamicin and clindamycin had moderate susceptibility rates of 57.4% and 51.9%, respectively. Nitrofurantoin and rifampicin maintained high susceptibility (98.1% and 92.6%). Among bacterial strains, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was most prevalent (46.3%), followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci (5.6%) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (5.6%)...The high prevalence of MRSA highlights the urgent need for improved infection control measures and the judicious use of antibiotics. While newer drugs like tigecycline, linezolid and daptomycin offer alternative treatment options, robust surveillance and targeted antibiotic stewardship programmes are crucial to address this growing challenge and ensure effective patient care.TableBacteria isolated from 55 patients with scabiesOrganism isolatedn (%)Staphylococcus aureus47 (97)Staphylococcus haemolyticus2 (4)Staphylococcus epidermidis2..."

Journal • Infectious Disease

P064 A study of multidrug resistance pattern in scabies-associated infections in endemic communities. (PubMed, Br J Dermatol) - "High resistance was noted for erythromycin (91.6%) and ciprofloxacin (53.7%). Gentamicin and clindamycin had moderate susceptibility rates of 57.4% and 51.9%, respectively. Nitrofurantoin and rifampicin maintained high susceptibility (98.1% and 92.6%). Among bacterial strains, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was most prevalent (46.3%), followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci (5.6%) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (5.6%)...The high prevalence of MRSA highlights the urgent need for improved infection control measures and the judicious use of antibiotics. While newer drugs like tigecycline, linezolid and daptomycin offer alternative treatment options, robust surveillance and targeted antibiotic stewardship programmes are crucial to address this growing challenge and ensure effective patient care.TableBacteria isolated from 55 patients with scabiesOrganism isolatedn (%)Staphylococcus aureus47 (97)Staphylococcus haemolyticus2 (4)Staphylococcus epidermidis2..."

Journal • Infectious Disease

P012 Metastatic Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in atopic dermatitis: a case series. (PubMed, Br J Dermatol) - "IV, intravenousPatientClinical manifestationsComplications of SABTreatment of metastatic SABOutcome1Diaphoresis, rigors, nausea, fatigueMitral/aortic valve IE8 weeks IV flucloxacillinRecommenced on methotrexate; good control of AD2ErythrodermaMitral valve IE6 weeks IV flucloxacillinCommenced on dupilumab; excellent control of AD3Pyrexia and rigors following abscess development at footMitral/aortic valve IE6 weeks IV cefazolinMitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation. Recent commencement of dupilumab; AD improving4Erythroderma, subjective fevers, fatigueMRSA bacteraemia with mitral valve IETotal duration 6 weeks 6 days: IV vancomycin → IV daptomycin → IV ceftaroline + vancomycin → oral linezolidRecent recommencement of tralokinumab; AD improving5Right shoulder painSeptic arthritis of right shoulderIV flucloxacillin + vancomycin → 8 weeks daptomycin + rifampicin → 6 weeks doxycyclineCommenced on dupilumab; excellent control of ADAD, atopic dermatitis; IE, infective..."

Journal • Atopic Dermatitis • Cardiovascular • Cognitive Disorders • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Dermatopathology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Musculoskeletal Pain • Pain • Rheumatology

Antimicrobial Management Strategies for Multidrug-Resistant Gram-positive Prosthetic Device Infections. (PubMed, Infect Dis Clin North Am) - "This review examines management strategies for methicillin-resistant staphylococci, ampicillin-resistant enterococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and MDR Corynebacterium infections. Vancomycin remains the cornerstone for most resistant organisms, while newer agents like dalbavancin enable outpatient therapy. Critical considerations include recognizing linezolid toxicity during prolonged therapy, and understanding that surgical approach determines outcomes more than antimicrobial selection."

Journal • Review • Infectious Disease

Bacterial Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor CAI0019 Demonstrates Efficacy in Enterococcus faecium Septicemic Peritonitis Mouse Model While Sparing the Microbiome. (PubMed, ACS Infect Dis) - "Vancomycin-resistant enterococci are multidrug-resistant bacteria that as of 2021 continue to pervade the U.S. healthcare system as the second-most prevalent source of healthcare-acquired infections behind Escherichia coli. The work herein reports the chemoproteomic identification of α-carbonic anhydrase as the primary target of the acetazolamide scaffold in E. faecium and presents its uniqueness as a narrow-spectrum antibiotic target that can be exploited by CAI0019, a lead acetazolamide derivative with in vivo efficacy, while sparing gut microbiome diversity in mice. This work presents compelling data that not only confirm α-carbonic anhydrase as an antibiotic target in Enterococcus but also demonstrate that narrow-spectrum in vivo antienterococcal efficacy can be achieved through targeting α-carbonic anhydrase such that gut commensal microbiota remain unimpacted."

Journal • Preclinical • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease

Guanidiniocarbonyl-Pyrrole (GCP) C- and N-Terminus Modifications of Vancomycin. (PubMed, J Org Chem) - "The beneficial effects are observed with introduction at the C-terminus, but not the N-terminus, and a focused SAR indicates they are structure (e.g., linker length) as well as site specific. These observations, along with mechanistic studies, are consistent with targeting a specific feature in the bacterial cell wall versus a nonspecific role attributable to a cationic modification, especially given its modest pKa (7-8)."

Journal

Increased risk of antimicrobial resistance in patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy using rifaximin. (PubMed, Nat Commun) - "We demonstrate a two-fold AMR risk associated with rifaximin use (HR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.49-2.40), with significantly increased risks of vancomycin resistance (HR = 2.52; 95% CI = 1.64-3.88) and multidrug resistance (HR = 2.31; 95% CI = 1.38-3.85). Notably, patients receiving other antibiotics prior to rifaximin treatment exhibit greater AMR risks. These findings challenge the conventional view of rifaximin as a low-risk intervention and support mechanistic evidence linking rifaximin exposure to cross-resistance against critical antibiotics with real-world evidence."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Fibrosis • Hepatic Encephalopathy • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Septic Shock

Synergistic activity of fosfomycin combined with old and new oxazolidinones (linezolid, contezolid, delpazolid, and sutezolid) against bloodstream isolates of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. (PubMed, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis) - "Our findings provide preclinical evidence supporting the use of fosfomycin in combination with novel oxazolidinones as a promising therapeutic strategy against VR E. faecium infections."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Delayed delivery of antibiotics by ultrasound-mediated rupture of polylactic acid pockets: In vitro and in vivo studies. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "We found that thin PLA films (24 ± 4.5 µm) with embedded vancomycin (VAN) powder assembled in a conical pocket shape best allowed for stability and rupturability of this US-mediated delivery system in vitro (92% US-triggered rupture of PLA-VAN pockets vs 31% of neat PLA pockets, p < 0.0001)...All of the 5 intact pockets (3 neat PLA and 2 PLA-VAN) that were allocated for insonation ruptured following US (100%). Overall, this design has the potential for use in targeting orthopaedic infections as well as for US-triggered bolus drug release for prophylaxis in high risk cases."

Journal • Preclinical • Infectious Disease • Orthopedics