acetazolamide / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

p-Aminobenzene-Sulfonamide Derivatives of Substituted Pyrimidines as Human Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "The tested molecules demonstrated notable inhibitory potential, particularly toward hCA II and hCA IV, where five and four compounds, respectively, exhibited greater potency than the reference inhibitor, acetazolamide. Molecular docking simulations were further performed to elucidate the binding interactions of the most active compounds with the human CA II, IV IX and XII isoforms."

Journal

Epidemiology, pharmacological treatment and invasive management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in Austria: a nationwide, hospital-based, controlled analysis of insurance data. (PubMed, J Headache Pain) - "The estimated prevalence falls within reported ranges for Central Europe while likely underestimating the prevalence due to reliance on hospital discharge data. Treatment patterns generally reflect guideline-based management, although invasive procedures appear overrepresented because hospital data skew towards severe cases. Bariatric surgery is underutilized in patients with IIH compared to those with obesity alone."

Journal • Reimbursement • US reimbursement • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Genetic Disorders • Hypertension • Obesity • Pain • Rare Diseases

Efficacy and Safety of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in the Management of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. (PubMed, J Vitreoretin Dis) - " Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors reduce subfoveal choroidal thickness and central macular thickness in CSCR but do not improve visual acuity or achieve complete fluid resolution. In addition, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors pose a higher risk of adverse events, indicating the need for cautious use and further research on their long-term efficacy and safety."

Journal • Retinal Disorders

Using selective laser trabeculoplasty to manage glaucoma in a child with phakomatosis pigmentovascularis. (PubMed, Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep) - "Three months after SLT, the right eye IOP was successfully reduced to 19 mmHg after the discontinuation of acetazolamide. She maintained an IOP of 18 mmHg in the right eye 11 months after SLT on latanoprost and dorzolamide-timolol only. Glaucoma filtering procedures in cases of PPV pose a high risk of complications and SLT offers a less-invasive, potentially clinic-based alternative. While the patient did develop a choroidal effusion post-SLT, suspected to be secondary to decreased IOP, this resolved with medical management alone without the need for incisional surgery thus illustrating both the risks and benefits of SLT in treating patients with phakomatoses-associated glaucoma."

Journal • Glaucoma • Ophthalmology • Pediatrics • GNA11 • GNAQ

Isotretinoin-induced Intracranial Hypertension Presenting as Unilateral Pulsatile Tinnitus. (PubMed, Otol Neurotol Open) - "She was diagnosed with IH, and despite ISO cessation, acetazolamide escalation, and multiple therapeutic lumbar punctures, her PT persists 1 year later. While DIIH typically resolves after discontinuation of the offending agent, this case demonstrates a unique presentation of ISO-associated DIIH manifesting as unilateral PT that persisted despite medical therapy and drug cessation. This highlights the importance of recognizing DIIH as a potential cause of PT, as well as evaluating coexisting anatomic variants and medical comorbidities, which are crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment."

Journal • Acne Vulgaris • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hypertension • Oncology • Otorhinolaryngology • Pain

Emergence of central sleep apnea at high altitude in patients with mild obstructive sleep apnea: a case report. (PubMed, J Med Case Rep) - "This case illustrates that patients with only mild obstructive sleep apnea at sea level can develop severe, predominant central sleep apnea at high altitude. It further demonstrates that such severe high-altitude central sleep apnea may be refractory to both continuous positive airway pressure and acetazolamide monotherapy but can be effectively controlled with a combination of continuous positive airway pressure and supplemental oxygen. The findings underscore the importance of re-evaluating sleep apnea phenotype at altitude and adopting a pathophysiology-guided, individualized approach to therapy."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Disorder

IDIOPATHIC INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION FOLLOWING GRADUAL CORTICOSTEROID WITHDRAWAL IN IDIOPATHIC NEPHROTIC SYNDROM: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE (ISN-WCN 2026) - "Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) often necessitates prolonged corticosteroid therapy, predisposing patients to this rare complication.Methods Case Presentation: We report the case of a 19-year-old non-obese woman with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (focal segmental glomerulosclerosis identified on renal biopsy) diagnosed in June 2024 and treated with prednisone at 1 mg/kg/day...The peripheral smear was negative for malaria, and there were no signs of meningitis.Lumbar puncture, magnetic resonance imaging, and venography were not performed.In view of the clinical findings, fundoscopy, brain CT scan results and biology, the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension induced by corticosteroid tapering was suggested.Acetazolamide (500 mg twice daily) was initiated and corticosteroid taper was gradually reduced over the next two weeks, her headaches and vomiting resolved and the papilledema regressed... Steroid taper-induced IIH is a rare but potential complication..."

Case report • Clinical • Review • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • CNS Disorders • Constipation • Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Glomerulonephritis • Hematological Disorders • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Malaria • Nephrology • Obesity • Ophthalmology • Otorhinolaryngology • Renal Disease • Thrombosis • Ventriculomegaly • Vertigo • CRP

CHRONIC HEMODIALYSIS FOLLOWING REFRACTORY NEPHROTIC SYNDROME AND DIURETIC RESISTANCE: A CASE REPORT (ISN-WCN 2026) - "Immunosuppressive therapy with prednisone, mycophenolate mofetil, and cyclophosphamide was ineffective. Three months later, he relapsed with proteinuria 17 g/24 h and anasarca, receiving rituximab (1 g every 15 days), tacrolimus, and combined diuretic therapy (furosemide, spironolactone, acetazolamide, chlorthalidone, dapagliflozin) without improvement...In his final hospitalization, he developed an axillary abscess, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, and acute-on-chronic renal failure (creatinine 5.5 mg/dL), refractory to diuretics, requiring hemodialysis with no renal recovery.Download: Download high-res image (643KB)Download: Download full-size imageDownload: Download high-res image (257KB)Download: Download full-size imageConclusion RNS complicated by diuretic resistance may progress to irreversible ESRD despite intensive immunosuppression and multidrug diuretic regimens. Early recognition of treatment failure and timely initiation of renal replacement therapy are..."

Case report • Clinical • Chronic Kidney Disease • Diabetes • Diabetic Nephropathy • Glomerulonephritis • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

CEREBRAL PERFUSION DEFICITS ASSESSED BY FUNCTIONAL ULTRASOUND IN MOUSE MODEL OF CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS INDUCED DEPRESSION (ADPD 2026) - "We have established a chronic stress (CRS) mouse model with depression-, and anxiety-like behavioral symptoms together with altered vascular function and hemodynamic responses."

Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Depression • Immunology • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY REMODELLING IN EARLY STAGES OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (ADPD 2026) - "We expose the MCAs to different concentrations of amyloid oligomers (Cab40 ,Cab42: 1 nM and 1 uM) and tau fibrils (Ctau: 5 nM and 50 nM) for one hour and investigated their contractility using cumulative concentrations of U-46619 (10 nM – 3 uM) and relaxation with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide (ATZ) on vessels pre-constricted with U-46619... This study demonstrates that tau fibrils induce vascular disturbances, which have previously been described for Ab oligomers. The combination of the three peptides, resembling a more comprehensive model of patient pathology, suggest a prominent effect on vascular function. These results highlight the influence of AD proteins on vascular functionality and can potentially affect blood flow dynamics in AD progression."

Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Aβ42

PAUL® Glaucoma Implant versus Ahmed® Glaucoma Valve in Pediatric Glaucoma Following Congenital Cataract Surgery. (PubMed, J Glaucoma) - "PGI and AGV showed comparable efficacy, safety, and surgical success in children with GFCS."

Journal • Cataract • Glaucoma • Ophthalmology • Pediatrics

Papilledema and Pseudopapilledema in Alagille Syndrome: A Case Report. (PubMed, Neuroophthalmology) - "Despite renally adjusted acetazolamide and topiramate, field loss beyond blind spot enlargement emerged. Systemic comorbidities of the syndrome will need thoughtful care from a co-ordinated multidisciplinary team when treating the papilledema. Screening for cerebral aneurysm is another important principle in the care of patients with ALGS."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Heart Failure • Ophthalmology • Renal Disease • Retinal Disorders • Vascular Neurology

Systematic modeling of porphyrin-based photosensitizers for inhibiting Mycobacterium tuberculosis β-Carbonic Anhydrases. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "Enzymatic assays revealed that AMA02194 selectively inhibited Mtb-CAβ1 and β2 with inhibition constants of 8.2 and 39.7 nM, respectively, and displayed stronger potency than the reference inhibitor acetazolamide under the tested conditions...Host gene expression profiling provided a lung-tissue expression context and computationally predicted associations for genes including CTSD, GSTP1, and NFE2L2, which are annotated to immune and redox-related functions. Overall, the results support AMA02194 as an isoform-selective inhibitor of Mtb β-carbonic anhydrases at the enzyme level and provide a computational framework for further investigation of porphyrin-based modulators in tuberculosis-related studies."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Oncology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • CTSD • GSTP1

Multiple Spontaneous Intracranial Abscesses in an Adolescent Female (SCCM 2026) - "Broad-spectrum antibiotics (vancomycin, ceftriaxone & metronidazole) were started...Findings of papilledema (grade IV) and chronic headaches prompted use of acetazolamide...Combined with findings of a patent foramen ovale, this was the likely source of her BAs. While ~90% of BAs result from contiguous spread, they can develop from hematogenous spread, especially in those who are immunocompromised, have congenital heart disease, or have pulmonary AVMs. In patients with BAs without a local source of infection, evaluation for the above conditions is warranted along with multidisciplinary discussion.Management challenges include use of seizure prophylaxis with persistent encephalopathy/extensive disease and adjunct therapies for ICH."

Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Dental Disorders • Epilepsy • Heart Failure • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Obesity • Otorhinolaryngology • Periodontitis • Respiratory Diseases • Sinusitis

A Curious Case: CSF Hydrothorax in a Child With a Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt (SCCM 2026) - "The patient was managed with supportive care, short-term acetazolamide, and chest tube drainage...Thus, a high index of suspicion, careful fluid analysis, and confirmatory beta-2 transferrin testing is essential for prompt diagnosis. Multidisciplinary management, including neurosurgery and critical care, is key to successful treatment and improved long-term outcomes."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Respiratory Diseases • Ventriculomegaly

IMPLEMENTATION OF A SYSTEM-WIDE INTRAVENOUS-TO-ENTERAL CONVERSION FOR ACETAZOLAMIDE (ACC 2026) - "Implementing an alternative selection alert for IV to PO acetazolamide aligns with evidence showing comparable efficacy after the initial IV dose is given, reduces reliance on higher-cost IV formulations, and minimizes compounding costs."

Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Metabolic Disorders

EFFECTIVENESS OF ACETAZOLAMIDE IN DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE WITH VOLUME OVERLOAD IN PATIENTS RECEIVING SGLT2 INHIBITORS - A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY (ACC 2026) - "Acetazolamide demonstrated similar effectiveness and safety in patients on SGLT2 inhibitors, suggesting its potential applicability in modern heart failure care."

Retrospective data • Acute Kidney Injury • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Diabetes • Heart Failure • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease

IMPACT OF ADDING ACETAZOLAMIDE TO FUROSEMIDE IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE EXACERBATION AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: A RETROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER STUDY (ACC 2026) - "Our findings suggest better outcomes when acetazolamide is added to furosemide in patients with heart failure exacerbation who have CKD. Further large prospective studies should be done to address this gap in the literature."

Retrospective data • Acute Kidney Injury • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Hypotension • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease

Efficacy of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Treatment of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in Pediatric Patients: A Case Series (AAN 2026) - "Patient 1 had initial lumbar puncture (LP) opening pressure of 34 cm H2O, and he was treated with therapeutic LPs and acetazolamide (ACZ)...She continued to have papilledema and headaches despite therapy with ACZ, and failed topiramate due to nephrolithiasis... Traditional treatment of IIH centers around weight loss and ACZ. GLP-1 RAs are hypothesized to be effective in modulating cerebrospinal fluid secretion. Given the rise of obesity affecting the pediatric population, obesity treatments are necessary from a public health as well as an IIH management perspective."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Hypertension • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Obesity • Ophthalmology • Pediatrics • Renal Calculi

New In Situ Gel Eye Formulation Based on Aristoflex and Xanthan Gum in the Management of Glaucoma Disease: Nonclinical Studies. (PubMed, J Ocul Pharmacol Ther) - "Therefore, the research provided a brief explanation that the combination of AF and XG can be utilized in in situ gels owing to its high retention time and reduced harmful effects for ocular illnesses."

Journal • Glaucoma • Ophthalmology

POINTER-HF: POcus INTERvention for Tailoring Diuretic Strategy in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2/3 | N=128 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre

New P2/3 trial • Cardiovascular • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • NPPB

An Atypical Pediatric Headache: Outpatient Presentation of Petrous Apicitis With Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. (PubMed, Case Rep Pediatr) - "He was discharged after a ten-day inpatient stay on a regimen of oral antibiotics, rivaroxaban, and acetazolamide, with multidisciplinary follow-up. This case emphasizes the need for vigilance in children presenting with severe or persistent neurologic symptoms in the setting of prior otologic symptoms. Prompt recognition and treatment are critical to reducing morbidity and preventing long-term neurologic sequelae."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Critical care • Hematological Disorders • Hypertension • Infectious Disease • Otorhinolaryngology • Pain • Pediatrics • Thrombosis

A rare case of new onset headaches simultaneous imaging findings of both idiopathic intracranial hypertension and low intracranial pressure on MRI (AAN 2026) - "The headaches acutely responded to steroids including oral prednisone and IV methylprednisolone, had some improvement with triptan medications, but were refractory to many abortive therapies including CGRP inhibitors and NSAIDs. Radiographic findings of both IIH and SIH typically do not coincide. Patients should be promptly checked for CSF leaks and secondary intracranial hypotension. This case also highlights the importance of prompt ophthalmologic evaluation."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Hypertension • Hypotension • Migraine • Ophthalmology • Pain

A Case of Drowning with Acute Kidney Injury and Raised Intracranial Tension. (PubMed, J Assoc Physicians India) - "Drowning is a leading cause of accidental death. This patient had diffuse subcutaneous emphysema, rhabdomyolysis with AKI, ventricular tachycardia, and raised ICT. In drowning, raised ICT often has a poor outcome. However, with constant monitoring and timely intervention this patient survived."

Journal • Acute Kidney Injury • Cardiovascular • Hematological Disorders • Nephrology • Ophthalmology • Pulmonary Disease • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Retinal Disorders • Ventricular Tachycardia

Neurosarcoidosis Complicated by Intracranial Pressure Crisis (AAN 2026) - "Prednisone and acetazolamide were prescribed.Symptoms fluctuated and doses of those medications were adjusted. This case regards a rare presentation of neurosarcoidosis presenting initially with intracranial hypertension, which likely developed due to impaired CSF reabsorption secondary to chronic meningitis. Development of a CSF leak compensated for elevated pressure. Although acute sarcoid inflammation was well controlled by infliximab, CSF physiology remained impaired due to chronic meningeal scarring, resulting in ICP crisis and death after repair of CSF leak."

Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Hypertension • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Otorhinolaryngology • Sarcoidosis