moclobemide / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Redressing long-term antidepressant use in general practice (RELEASE) (ECNP 2025) - "Antidepressants include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (sertraline, escitalopram fluoxetine, paroxetine, fluvoxamine and citalopram); serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine); and other antidepressants (mirtazapine, vortioxetine, mianserin, moclobemide, reboxetine, agomelatine). 26 practices and 485 participants randomised. Data collection complete November 2025. Implications: This study will develop new knowledge applicable internationally on the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and implementation of the RELEASE multi-strategy intervention in prompting review of antidepressant medication and supporting informed decision-making and safe cessation via hyperbolic tapering to minimise withdrawal symptoms to improve primary mental health care and outcomes for patients."

Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Mood Disorders • Neuralgia • Psychiatry

Behavioral effects of psychedelic and non-psychedelic serotonin 2A receptor agonist drugs in pigs (ECNP 2025) - "Here, we have determined the relationship between plasma concentration and cerebral 5-HT2AR occupancy of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and lisuride in pigs, and measured psychedelic-induced behavior (headshakes) at doses generating 60-70% occupancy...The behavioral study was done in 8 awake female pigs each receiving IV DMT, 0.4 mg/kg (injected 30 min after monoamine oxidase inhibitor, moclobemide, 0.85 mg/kg), psilocybin, 30 µg/kg, LSD, 0.6 µg/kg, and lisuride, 5.8 µg/kg, in a randomized order, with 3-4 days separating each drug... We have for the first time established relationships between cerebral 5-HT2AR occupancy, drug plasma concentrations and drug dose for 5-HT2AR agonists in vivo in pigs, and subsequently compared psychedelic-induced behavior in awake pigs on the basis of the cerebral 5-HT2AR occupancy."

CNS Disorders

Utilization of psychotropic drugs in Serbia from 2006 to 2021: Patterns before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "The COVID-19 pandemic did not contribute to change in consumption of psychotropic drugs in Serbia. Still, the use of antidepressants, atypical antipsychotics, anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotics, anti-dementia drugs and gabapentinoids increased from 2006 to 2021."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Infectious Disease • Mental Retardation • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Psychiatry

MAO-A inhibition alleviates sepsis-driven lung injury via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation and suppression of pyroptosis. (PubMed, J Mol Histol) - "Additionally, human alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiC) treated with MAO-A inhibitor RO11-11639 were subjected to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in vitro...Mechanistically, MAO-A inhibition promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, thereby activating the downstream regulatory proteins HO-1, quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1) and glutathione s-transferase (CST). These data cumulatively indicate that pharmacological targeting of MAO-A may offer therapeutic benefits in septic ALI by attenuating pathophysiological processes involving oxidative damage and inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis."

Journal • Acute Lung Injury • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock • HMOX1 • IL16 • NQO1

An Overview of the Systematic Reviews About the Efficacy of Fluvoxamine on Depression. (PubMed, Pharmaceuticals (Basel)) - "Comparisons with imipramine, clomipramine, amitriptyline, dothiepin, paroxetine, fluoxetine, citalopram, mianserin, nortriptyline, and moclobemide generally revealed no significant differences in efficacy. However, some reviews indicated that venlafaxine and mirtazapine were superior to fluvoxamine in certain outcomes, while fluvoxamine demonstrated greater efficacy than desipramine in one review. Sertraline and milnacipran showed mixed or review-quality-dependent results, with one low-quality review favoring milnacipran...While no single antidepressant was universally superior, fluvoxamine's unique pharmacological profile and favourable safety characteristics support its clinical utility. Further research is needed to explore its role in personalized treatment strategies and emerging therapeutic contexts, such as comorbid anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mental Retardation • Mood Disorders • Post-traumatic Stress Disorder • Psychiatry

Pharmacological treatments for atypical depression: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (PubMed, Eur Neuropsychopharmacol) - "Phenelzine might perform better than other compounds, but several drugs outperformed placebo in response. Nortriptyline performed worse than other treatments. High-quality studies are needed."

Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Depression • Major Depressive Disorder • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Did Serendipity Contribute to the Discovery of New Antidepressant Drugs? Historical Analysis Using Operational Criteria. (PubMed, Alpha Psychiatry) - "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, citalopram, paroxetine, sertraline, and escitalopram), selective dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (bupropion), noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake inhibitors (venlafaxine, milnacipram, duloxetine, and desvenlafaxine), selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (reboxetine), noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants (mirtazapine), melatonergic agonists (agomelatine), and serotonin modulators and stimulators (vortioxetine, vilazodone, tianeptine) correspond to the type IV pattern. Ketamine, a glutamatergic modulator, corresponds to the type III pattern, characterized by a non-serendipitous origin (initial development as an anesthetic agent) leading to a serendipitous observation (the discovery of antidepressant efficacy in individuals illicitly using). The majority of new antidepressants adhere to a type IV pattern, characterized by a rational and targeted design process where..."

Journal • Anesthesia

A fatal intoxication case due to the serotonin syndrome induced by dextromethorphan and moclobemide overdose. (PubMed, Leg Med (Tokyo)) - "In this case, the diagnosis of serotonin syndrome was made on the basis of autopsy findings and additional drug testing. In cases of suspected death due to serotonin syndrome, additional drug testing and quantitative evaluation to identify the causative agent would be helpful in the diagnosis."

Journal • Mood Disorders

Preparation, In Vivo and Molecular Docking Study of Nano-Emulsion Obtained from the Isolated Phytoconstituents of Symplocos racemosa for Mitigating Depression. (PubMed, Chem Biodivers) - "A chitosan-loaded herbal nano-emulsion containing these phytoconstituents was formulated for enhanced brain delivery tested using animal studies using forced swim test and actophotometer models.  Docking studies confirmed that all the components exhibit a good binding towards MAO-A, comparable to standard moclobemide and among all salireposide has the most significant and better binding affinity higher than moclobemide. Nano-emulsion, at both the dosages, reduced the immobility time in FST and increased the locomotor activity in actophotometer of depressed mice.  Nano-emulsion of isolated phytoconstituents from S. racemosa exhibited synergistic effects, effectively managing depression by inhibiting MAO-A."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Heterocyclic Antidepressants with Antimicrobial and Fungicide Activity. (PubMed, Molecules) - "In addition, there is a serious problem of increasing resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics. In this article, we found that almost all of the antidepressants considered (except moclobemide, haloperidol, and doxepin) have antimicrobial activity and can suppress the growth of not only pathogenic microorganisms but also the growth of bacteria that directly affect mental health (such as Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Bifidobacterium)."

Journal • Review

Aryl Borane as a Catalyst for Dehydrative Amide Synthesis. (PubMed, J Org Chem) - "This protocol is applicable across a wide range of >35 substrates, including aromatic and aliphatic amines and acids, resulting in amides in ≤92% yields. The scalability of the reaction up to 10 mmol, along with the synthesis of drugs such as ibuprofen amide, moclobemide, and phenacetin, demonstrates the industrial potential of our protocol."

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Innovative role of the antidepressant imipramine in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treatment: Promoting apoptosis and protective autophagy. (PubMed, Int Immunopharmacol) - "Our findings provide the first reported evidence that IM triggers apoptosis and protective autophagy in ESCC cells via the Hippo signaling pathway, thus suggesting that IM may offer a promising therapeutic approach for patients with ESCC and depression."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Esophageal Cancer • Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma • Oncology • Psychiatry • Solid Tumor • Squamous Cell Carcinoma • ANXA5 • CASP3

Photocatalytic oxidative hydroacylation with alcohols. (PubMed, Org Biomol Chem) - "Under photoirradiation and a catalytic amount of TBADT, different electrophiles (azodicarboxylates, N-phenylmaleimide, benzylidenemalononitrile and phenyl vinyl sulfone) underwent hydroacylation with alcohols in good yields. The method was also applied to achieve a convenient synthesis of the anti-depressant drug moclobemide."

Journal

Exploring mechanisms of dependence and pharmacological interventions for Arecanut/BetelQuid cessation: a review (ECNP 2024) - "In another RCT, the effects of antidepressants, escitalopram and moclobemide were studied for cessation therapy in betel quid disorder...This study postulated that the common link between AN/ Betel Quid and tobacco suggests that partial agonist therapies with cytisine or varenicline may potentially also help in AN/ Betel Quid cessation5.Another study postulated the potential role of nicotine gum with pilocarpine for treatment. Rationale for nicotine gum was that arecoline acts on the same receptor proteins in the brain as nicotine and hence would help in reducing cravings while the pilocarpine potentially would recreate the Betel Quid's salivation experience6. Conclusion There is an urgent need to explore the neurological and neurochemical mechanisms of AN/ Betel Quid addiction and further evaluating pharmacological interventions for its cessation."

Review • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Tobacco Cessation

Exploring the correlation between cardiovascular adverse events and antidepressant use: A retrospective pharmacovigilance analysis based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database. (PubMed, J Affect Disord) - "The retrospective analysis revealed that cardiovascular AEs were connected with antidepressant use, and the binding/uptake inhibitory potency and selectivity of neurotransmitters of antidepressants played an important role, providing a preliminary basis for further in-depth study of antidepressant-related cardiovascular toxicity. However, as an exploratory study, prospective studies are needed to validate our findings in the future."

Adverse events • Journal • Retrospective data • Atrial Fibrillation • Cardiomyopathy • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Coronary Artery Disease • Depression • Heart Failure • Hypertension • Psychiatry • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Efficacy, Tolerability and Acceptability of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI's) for the Treatment of Mood disorders: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. (ISBD 2024) - "Dr Stokes will also compare efficacy, tolerability and acceptability of irreversible MAOI's such as phenelzine in comparison to reversible MAOI's such as moclobemide . Finally, Dr Stokes will discuss the very limited evidence base in treatment resistant depression, atypical depression and bipolar disorders and will reflect on the gaps in the evidence base with suggestions for future MAOI based studies in this important area."

Retrospective data • Review • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Efficacy and tolerability of monoamine oxidase inhibitors for the treatment of depressive episodes in mood disorders: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. (PubMed, Acta Psychiatr Scand) - "MAOIs are similar in efficacy to other antidepressants for the treatment of depression. However, more studies are needed comparing MAOI treatment in people with treatment-resistant, atypical and bipolar depression."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Efficacy of Pharmacotherapies for Bulimia Nervosa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (PubMed, Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ)) - "The literature search ultimately included 11 drugs, 33 studies and 6 types of drugs, 8 trials with TCAs (imipra-mine, desipramine), 14 with SSRIs (fluoxetine, citalopram and fluvoxamine), 6 with MAOIs (phenelzine, moclobemide and brofaromine), 3 with antiepileptic drugs (topiramate), 1 with mood stabilizers (lithium), and 1 with amphetamine-type appetite suppressant (fenfluramine). This meta-analysis indicates that most pharmacotherapies decreased the frequency of binge-eating and vomiting episodes, body weight, and depressive symptoms in BN patients, but the efficacy was not significant. In each drug the efficacy is different, treating different aspects, different symptoms to improve the clinical performance of bulimia nervosa.Appeared originally in BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 24:72."

Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Bulimia • CNS Disorders

UPLC-MS/MS determination of 71 neuropsychotropic drugs in human serum. (PubMed, Heliyon) - "All compounds except Moclobemide N-oxindole are stabilised within 7 days. The relative matrix effect results for each analyte were within ±20 % of the requirements. The method is validated according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, easy to use, and has a low cost."

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Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) guideline for the gene-drug interaction between CYP2D6, CYP2C19 and non-SSRI/non-TCA antidepressants. (PubMed, Eur J Hum Genet) - "In addition, the interaction between CYP2C19 and mirtazapine and moclobemide is presented. Finally, no gene-drug interaction and need for therapy adjustment between CYP2C19 and mirtazapine and CYP2D6 and duloxetine were identified. The DPWG classifies CYP2D6 genotyping as being "potentially beneficial" for venlafaxine, indicating that genotyping prior to treatment can be considered on an individual patient basis."

Biomarker • Journal • CYP2C19

Challenges in the treatment of dysthymia: a narrative review. (PubMed, Expert Rev Neurother) - "Within the realm of dysthymia treatment, several antidepressants, including imipramine, sertraline, paroxetine, minaprine, moclobemide, and amineptine, in addition to the antipsychotic agent amisulpride, have demonstrated superiority over placebo. However, these findings remain inconclusive due to the limited number of studies and substantial methodological limitations prevalent in a significant proportion of them. Limitations include factors like small sample sizes, the absence of placebo comparisons, and a lack of study blinding."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Depression • Major Depressive Disorder • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

A uniquely positive, self-described patient experience with the R-MAOI Moclobemide, prescribed for treatment-resistant-depression-anxiety. (PubMed, Psychiatry Res) - No abstract available

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Hypotension and Peripheral Edema With Moclobemide: A Rare Case Report. (PubMed, J Clin Psychopharmacol) - No abstract available

Journal • Hypotension

Photoinduced CO-releasing molecule (photoCORM) as an in situ CO surrogate for palladium-catalysed aminocarbonylation. (PubMed, Chem Commun (Camb)) - "Herein, we show that a photoCORM behaves as a highly substrate-tolerant, photoactivable in situ CO surrogate, allowing the synthesis of variously functionalised amides including the biologically active compound Moclobemide by Pd-catalysed aminocarbonylation between aryl iodides and amines under mild conditions. This work should bring about a useful input to the field of carbonylative transformations."

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Visible-Light-Induced Siloxycarbene Addition to N═N of Azodicarboxylates: Synthesis of Acyl Hydrazides from Acylsilanes. (PubMed, Org Lett) - "Control experiments indicate that the reaction proceeds through the singlet carbene intermediate. Transformation of the acyl hydrazide functionality to other functional groups was demonstrated, including the synthesis of the drug candidate Moclobemide."

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