calcitonin/benzyl alcohol/phenyl ethyl alcohol/aqueous buffer / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Structurally and functionally optimized silk fibroin-alginate-based biomimetic scaffolds reinforced with nanobioceramics for bone tissue engineering applications. (PubMed, J Nanobiotechnology) - "Additionally, scaffolds loaded with synthetic peptide salmon calcitonin effectively controlled initial burst release and enabled sustained therapeutics delivery for up to two weeks...Furthermore, the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay showed the excellent angiogenic properties of the scaffold. These results suggest that the bioceramic-reinforced SF/Alg biomimetic scaffold has significant potential for use in BTE."

Journal • Hematological Disorders

Exploration of Cagrilintide's Mechanism of Action in the Kidneys (KIDNEY WEEK 2025) - "Tubules were exposed to a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and then treated with vehicle, cagrilintide, or salmon calcitonin for 30min. Conclusion Our results point to a diabetes-specific mechanism by which cagrilintide elevates cAMP in cortical tubules, providing initial evidence of mode of action in diabetic kidney physiology compared with healthy controls. Ongoing phosphoproteomic analyses will offer deeper insights into the molecular pathways affected, potentially guiding the therapeutic application of cagrilintide in diabetic kidney disease."

Chronic Kidney Disease • Diabetes • Diabetic Nephropathy • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Obesity • Renal Disease

Nanostructural changes in bone quality in a mouse model of chronic kidney disease and treatment with calcitonin. (PubMed, Bone Rep) - "Synthetic salmon calcitonin is an FDA-approved treatment for bone fragility observed in diseases such as osteoporosis, and clinical trials have demonstrated a reduction in fractures compared to untreated individuals...There were no changes from chronic kidney disease on the -Periodicity. Treatment increased the weight percent of collagen, with no effect on other bone quality parameters."

Journal • Preclinical • Chronic Kidney Disease • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Nephrology • Orthopedics • Osteoporosis • Renal Disease • Rheumatology

Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Complicated by Hypercalcemia (PubMed, Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi) - "NHL complicated by hypercalcemia has a poor prognosis, and hypercalcemia can be used as one of the indicators reflecting the tumor burden. Patients with NHL complicated by hypercalcemia should be given more clinical attention and treated actively."

Journal • Endocrine Disorders • Hematological Malignancies • Lymphoma • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma • Oncology • Renal Disease

Amylin receptor subunit interactions are modulated by agonists and determine signaling. (PubMed, Sci Signal) - "A stronger interaction between the CTR and the RAMP3 transmembrane domains yielded a more stable AMY3R, and human and salmon calcitonin agonists promoted AMY3R dissociation. Similar changes in subunit association and dissociation were observed in live-cell membranes, and G protein coupling and cAMP signaling assays showed how these changes altered signaling. Our findings have implications for AMYR biology and drug development and reveal regulation of heteromeric GPCR signaling through subunit interaction dynamics."

Journal • Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity

A trilayer microneedle patch for transdermal delivery of the peptide salmon calcitonin for osteoporosis therapy. (PubMed, J Control Release) - "This work highlights the potential of lipid-based mixed micelles loaded MAP systems, especially for the delivery of sensitive peptide molecules such as sCT. The outcome of this research work paves the way for further exploration in this direction."

Journal • Osteoporosis • Rheumatology

Amylin Receptor 1 Mutagenesis Revealed a Potential Role of Calcitonin Serine 29 in Receptor Interaction. (PubMed, Biomedicines) - "Two well-known peptide ligands for amylin receptors were used for this study: a salmon calcitonin fragment and an antagonist amylin analog AC413 fragment with Y25P mutation... This study validates the critical residues of the amylin receptor 1 extracellular domain for the interaction with C-terminal fragments of peptide ligands. This study also suggests that modulating receptor-ligand interaction is feasible by the modification of receptor amino acids near an interacting peptide ligand."

Journal

Safety evaluation and optimization of high-efficiency expression of 5hsCT in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (PubMed, Biotechnol Lett) - "These findings confirm the oral safety of YS-5hsCT and providetechnical support for industrial calcitonin production. Safety evaluations demonstrated transgenic S. cerevisiae YS-5hsCT exhibits no toxicity or mutagenicity, with optimized cultivation conditions enhancing biomass yield for potential calcitonin production applications."

Journal • Hematological Disorders

Exploration of Cagrilintide's Mechanism of Action in the Kidney (ERA 2025) - "Tubules were exposed to a phosphodiesterase inhibitor (IBMX 0.5mM, 15 minutes) and then treated with vehicle, cagrilintide (1µM), or salmon calcitonin (1µM) for 30 minutes. Our results point to a diabetes-specific mechanism by which cagrilintide elevates cAMP in cortical tubules, providing initial evidence of mode of action in diabetic kidney physiology compared with healthy controls. Ongoing phosphoproteomic analyses will offer deeper insights into the molecular pathways affected, potentially guiding the therapeutic application of cagrilintide in diabetic kidney disease"

Chronic Kidney Disease • Diabetic Nephropathy • Metabolic Disorders • Nephrology • Obesity

Characterisation of peptide agonists' binding affinity and kinetics at amylin receptors (ECO 2025) - "The binding parameters of Cy5–labelled salmon calcitonin (Cy5– sCT) were established in a BRET–based saturation assay; subsequently, the displacement of Cy5–sCT by increasing concentrations of non– fluorescent ligands was used to calculate their affinities and on–/off–rates...Residues responsible for CTR vs. AMYR selectivity, or bias towards individual AMYR subtypes, were identified by analysing the binding profiles of pramlintide Ala scan peptides. The use of a NanoBiT split luciferase system in conjunction with a BRET–based binding assay enabled a comprehensive characterisation of peptides' binding to AMYRs, revealing differences in both selectivities and kinetic parameters. Further research should look at the intracellular signalling downstream of the ligand/receptor interaction, as well as examine whether the binding kinetics of an agonist and its physiological actions (e.g. appetite suppression or weight loss) are correlated."

Genetic Disorders • Obesity

Unraveling the aggregation mechanism and bioactivity of Tyr12 nitrated human calcitonin. (PubMed, Int J Biol Macromol) - "Salmon calcitonin (sCT), a clinical alternative, with only 50 % hCT sequence homology causes severe side effects, making the development of anti-fibrillation hCT analogs more promising in achieving therapeutic goals...Our results showed that 3-NT-hCT is more effective than hCT in balancing osteoclast and osteoblast activity. These findings suggest that 3-NT-hCT may be a valuable therapeutic substitute for sCT."

Journal • Osteoporosis • Rheumatology

Structural and dynamic features of cagrilintide binding to calcitonin and amylin receptors. (PubMed, Nat Commun) - "Here, we determine structures of cagrilintide bound to Gs-coupled, active, amylin receptors (AMY1R, AMY2R, AMY3R) and calcitonin receptor (CTR) and compare cagrilintide interactions and the dynamics of receptor complexes with previously reported structures of receptors bound to rat amylin, salmon calcitonin or recently developed amylin-based peptides. These data reveal that cagrilintide has an amylin-like binding mode but, compared to other peptides, induces distinct conformational dynamics at calcitonin-family receptors that could contribute to its clinical efficacy."

Journal • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity

Longan-inspired chitosan-pectin core-shell hydrogel beads for oral delivery of biodrugs to enhance osteoporosis therapy. (PubMed, Int J Biol Macromol) - "In this system, salmon calcitonin (sCT) was encapsulated within mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and incorporated into the core of the beads...Cellular uptake assays demonstrated that the core-shell beads effectively encapsulated sCT and ensured its prolonged release to CT-26 cells. This study presents a promising platform for oral sCT delivery, offering enhanced efficacy, patient compliance, and a potential replacement for injection-based therapies."

Journal • Hematological Disorders • Osteoporosis • Rheumatology

Quantitative Analysis of Salmon Calcitonin Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle Permeation to substantiate Non-Invasive Bone Targeting via Sublingual Delivery. (PubMed, AAPS PharmSciTech) - "Such high NP concentration in systemic circulation coupled with the small size (~ 100 nm) and the high bone affinity of HAP, validate our hypothesis of targeted bone delivery following sublingual administration. Furthermore, quantification of translocated NPs, which we demonstrate for the first time, would permit rational development of optimal targeted nanoparticulate carriers for delivery by noninvasive routes."

Journal • Osteoporosis • Rheumatology

Effect of salmon calcitonin combined with calcium antagonist on blood calcium and phosphorus ion concentration in osteoporosis rats. (PubMed, Eur J Med Res) - "We have studied and found that the group of sCT combined with nifedipine group has the most significant effect on reducing calcium and phosphorus in the blood of osteoporotic rats. The effect was significantly better than salmon calcitonin alone. That provided a new medication method for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis."

Journal • Preclinical • Osteoporosis • Rheumatology

Heterotopic ossification (HO) prophylaxis in total hip arthroplasty (THA): A systematic review of level I and level II evidence since 2000. (PubMed, Bone Rep) - "Indomethacin and radiotherapy remain common treatment modalities; however, no true gold-standard treatment is universally agreed upon...HO chemical prophylaxis was more effective than no HO prophylaxis, except for aspirin...Additionally, both etidronate and salmon calcitonin showed benefit in preventing HO in one study each. Radiation, NSAIDs, and combination therapy all showed efficacy as HO prophylaxis modalities. HO prophylaxis treatment and modalities should be guided upon patient and surgical factors such as surgical approach, side effects and tolerability of modalities, comorbidities, and available facility resources to optimize the prevention of HO.Level of evidence: Level IV Therapeutic."

Journal • Review • Orthopedics

MANY FACES OF HYPERCALCEMIA – PERSPECTIVE FROM A NEPHROLOGY CENTRE (ISN-WCN 2025) - "Treatment strategies in patients without CKD included furosemide with IV fluids (88%), salmon calcitonin (35%), bisphosphonate (30%), hemodialysis (17%) and cinacalcet (12%). The use of calcium based phosphate binders and vitamin D supplements in CKD should be appropriately monitored. Tuberculosis in developing countries is a readily treatable cause of hypercalcemia."

Acute Kidney Injury • Calciphylaxis • Chronic Kidney Disease • Endocrine Disorders • Fatigue • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Multiple Myeloma • Nephrology • Oncology • Pain • Pancreatitis • Rare Diseases • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Production of biologically active recombinant salmon calcitonin in Escherichia coli and fish cell line. (PubMed, Arch Microbiol) - "The results of Western blot and ELISA confirmed the expression of 5sCT protein in E. coli and SPF cells. The purified r-5cST expressed from both hosts was evaluated in mice via intramuscular injection at various dosages, and it was found that it significantly decreased serum calcium levels in mice when compared to normal mice."

Journal • Preclinical • Osteoporosis • Rheumatology

The combination of a glucagon-like peptide-1 and amylin receptor agonists reduces alcohol consumption in both male and female rats. (PubMed, Acta Neuropsychiatr) - "Further investigation needs to be done on the combination of AMYR and GLP-1R agonists to assess their combined effects on alcohol intake."

Journal • Preclinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Obesity • Psychiatry

Synergistic-like decreases in alcohol intake following combined pharmacotherapy with GLP-1 and amylin in male rats. (PubMed, Br J Pharmacol) - "Collectively, these findings show that the combination of dulaglutide and sCT decreased, in in a synergistic-like manner, alcohol consumption in male rats. Contrarily, higher doses are required for females."

Journal • Preclinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol)

Primary Osteoporosis Induced by Androgen and Estrogen Deficiency: The Molecular and Cellular Perspective on Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Treatments. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "To manage primary osteoporosis, other pharmacological treatments (bisphosphonates, teriparatide, RANKL inhibitors, sclerostin inhibitors, SERMs, and calcitonin salmon) can ameliorate osteoporosis and improve BMD via actions on different pathways...The current study reviews the processes of bone remodeling, hormone actions, hormone receptor status, and therapeutic targets of primary osteoporosis. However, many detailed cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying primary osteoporosis seem complicated and unexplored and warrant further investigation."

Journal • Review • Osteoporosis • Rheumatology • AR • ER • IL6 • TNFA • TNFRSF11B

Molecular mechanisms at the basis of the protective effect exerted by EPPS on neurodegeneration induced by prefibrillar amyloid oligomers. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "Here we report the same protective effect, obtained in vitro (HT22-diff cell line) and ex vivo (hippocampal slices) models, against amyloid neurotoxicity induced by oligomers of salmon Calcitonin (sCT), which has been shown to be a good model for the study of neurodegenerative diseases...Thus, EPPS stabilizes harmless aggregates and hinders the formation of toxic and metastable prefibrillar oligomers. Overall, our data demonstrate that EPPS is an excellent drug candidate for the treatment of neurodegeneration due to misfolded proteins, such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

The Effect of Salmon Calcitonin Adjuvant Treatment for Lumbar Spine Fracture: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial. (PubMed, J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo)) - "No severe adverse reactions were observed in both groups during treatment (p>0.05). Salmon calcitonin can relieve the pain degree, improve the levels of bone metabolism and matrix metalloproteinase, and improve the lumbar spine function and ability of daily living activity in patients with lumbar spine fracture."

Clinical • Journal • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Musculoskeletal Pain • Orthopedics • Pain • BGLAP • MMP3 • MMP9

A size-switchable microsphere loaded with salmon calcitonin as two-weekly dosing for osteoporosis therapy. (PubMed, Eur J Pharm Biopharm) - "The microspheres MS@ARM showed the advanced therapeutic effect on the mouse model of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) at a low dosing frequency. The size-switchable microsphere is expected to be a new strategy for delivering sCT for osteoporosis treatment."

Journal • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics • Osteoporosis • Rheumatology

Modulation of amylin and calcitonin receptor activation by hybrid peptides. (PubMed, Peptides) - "Here, the peptide hybrid was made of a rat amylin N-terminal fragment and a salmon calcitonin C-terminal fragment...The hybrid strategy used in this study significantly changed the peptide potency for amylin and calcitonin receptor activation. These results provide insight into the role of peptide C-terminal fragments in modulating amylin and calcitonin receptor activation."

Journal • Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity