rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Comparative Safety and Effectiveness of Fixed-Dose Combination Regimens for Tuberculosis in the Elderly: A Prospective Observational study in Taiwan (ERS 2026) - "Participants received either the legacy FDC (Rifater/Rifinah) or the current FDC (AkuriT-4/AkuriT-3) during the intensive phase based on physician discretion...Conversely, the legacy FDC group was associated with higher rates of isoniazid and rifampin overdose... Both FDC regimens provide similar bacteriological control, but toxicity profiles differ. The transition to current FDC formulations increases the risk of PZA-driven hyperuricemia. Uric acid monitoring should be prioritized in geriatric patients."

Clinical • Observational data • Geriatric Disorders • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Disseminated tuberculosis with Poncet's disease mimicking childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a unique case report. (PubMed, Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo) - "He was treated with rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and pyridoxine, with rapid clinical improvement, complete resolution of arthritis, and full recovery of mobility without sequelae in one month...To our knowledge, this is the first reported pediatric case of disseminated tuberculosis with Poncet's disease mimicking cSLE. Recognizing this specific condition is crucial to prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary immunosuppression, while ensuring timely treatment of the underlying infection."

Journal • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Leukopenia • Lupus • Pediatrics • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Rheumatology • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus • Tuberculosis

NEONATAL TUBERCULOSIS WITH RENAL TUBERCULOSIS IN A 1 MONTH OLD CHILD (ESPID 2026) - "The child was treated with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and levofloxacin, along with corticosteroids and supportive care, leading to gradual clinical improvement. It underscores diagnostic utility of molecular assays, including urine Xpert MTB/Rif, for detecting rare extrapulmonary manifestations like renal TB. Early recognition and timely initiation of ATT are crucial to improving outcomes in this vulnerable population"

Clinical • Infectious Disease • Septic Shock • Tuberculosis

Therapeutic drug monitoring of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs: impact of dose modification on plasma drug concentrations in pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. (PubMed, J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis) - "TDM-guided dose modification results in significant and clinically meaningful improvements in drug exposure. Selective incorporation of TDM into routine tuberculosis care may facilitate precision dosing, particularly in patients with extrapulmonary disease or suspected pharmacokinetic variability."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Antibiotic-associated encephalopathy: A retrospective pharmacovigilance study based on 21 years of data from the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "The 5 most frequently reported antibiotics were metronidazole (1464 cases), levofloxacin (1447), ciprofloxacin (1290), ertapenem (825), and imipenem/cilastatin (788)...Most AAE cases occurred within 10 days of antibiotic exposure, except for several agents, including meropenem/vaborbactam and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (type 1), and isoniazid, pyrazinamide, rifampicin, and paromomycin (type 3), which exhibited delayed onset...Most antibiotics trigger early-onset AAE, and older patients demonstrate greater susceptibility. These findings expand our understanding of AAE and inform safer antibiotic use."

Adverse events • Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenomic predictors of hepatotoxicity in the HIRIF trial for drug-susceptible tuberculosis. (PubMed, Clin Infect Dis) - "While higher pyrazinamide and isoniazid exposures and slow NAT2 acetylator status were each associated with increased hepatotoxicity, only pyrazinamide exposure was associated when considering pharmacokinetic variables together. Rifampin exposure was not associated with hepatotoxicity, supporting further evaluation of doses up to 20 mg/kg/day in a larger trial."

Biomarker • Journal • PK/PD data • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • NAT2

Case Report: Clinical characteristics and multidisciplinary collaborative management of congenital tuberculosis in extremely preterm twins and preterm infants: a report of three cases and literature review. (PubMed, Front Pediatr) - "Under MDT collaboration, anti-tuberculosis treatment (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide) and supportive therapy controlled the infection...Strengthening prenatal screening and monitoring for high-risk pregnant women helps prevent such cases. In the future, multicenter studies should further optimize diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies to reduce mortality and improve neonatal quality of life."

Journal • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome • Infectious Disease • Ophthalmology • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock • Tuberculosis

Network Toxicology and Molecular Docking Analysis of Antituberculosis Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity. (PubMed, J Biochem Mol Toxicol) - "Molecular docking assessed the binding affinity between Antituberculosis drugs (e.g., isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide) and hub targets, with in vivo experiments further validating changes in mRNA expression of these core targets. Our findings suggest that NFE2L2, NFKB1, MAP2K1, MAPK14, IGF1R, and GSK3B may represent important targets for antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity, with oxidative stress, apoptosis, and lipid accumulation potentially serving as underlying mechanisms. These insights deepen our understanding of the molecular basis of anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity and suggest potential targets for developing hepatoprotective strategies during tuberculosis treatment."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • MAP2K1 • MAPK14

TO TREAT ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS OR NOT TO TREAT: A CLINICAL DILEMMA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SARCOIDOSIS (CHEST 2025) - "A consensus was reached to concurrently treat active ocular MTB infection and vision-threatening ocular sarcoidosis with rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, levofloxacin, and prednisone 80 mg. This case illustrates the diagnostic challenges in distinguishing sarcoidosis and active MTB infection. While tuberculosis and sarcoidosis rarely occur simultaneously, clinical, radiograhic and pathologic similarities make it difficult to exclude one or the other in TB-endemic geographies. Given the need for immunosuppressive treatment in sarcoidosis, it may be prudent to presumptively treat certain sarcoidosis patients for active MTB infection even in the absence of microbiologic evidence if endemic MTB risk is high."

Clinical • Dermatitis • Dermatology • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Lymphoma • Ophthalmology • Respiratory Diseases • Retinal Disorders • Rheumatology • Sarcoidosis • Tuberculosis

A Rare Battle: Congenital Tuberculosis in a Late Preterm Neonate Born at 34 Weeks (ATS 2025) - "The infant was started on oral anti-TB therapy, which included rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and pyridoxine... This case highlights the importance of maintaining a high level of clinical suspicion for congenital TB, particularly in neonates with a relevant maternal history. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to prevent severe outcomes. Recognizing the subtle presentation of congenital TB in newborns is crucial for timely intervention and improved prognosis."

Prematurity • Cardiovascular • Cough • Endometriosis • Infectious Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Adequacy of the New Pediatric Isoniazid/Rifampin/Pyrazinamide (HRZ) Tablet (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=92 | Completed | Sponsor: University of Florida | Recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

In-silico transcriptome analysis of antibiotic-treated Mycobacterium tuberculosis identifies novel antibiotic resistance factors. (PubMed, Indian J Tuberc) - "Gene expression datasets of tuberculosis patients samples treated with different antibiotics (Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Bedaquiline and Linezolid) were considered in this study. Further, to understand the resistance mechanism of the novel genes, we performed gene ontology and gene network analysis for the differentially up-regulated genes. Thus, the in-silico transcriptome analysis paves way for a deeper understanding of the antibiotic resistance in M. tuberculosis."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Whole Genome Sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis under routine conditions in a high-burden area of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Peru. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "Agreements between WGS and BACTEC results were calculated for rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, amikacin and capreomycin. Clustering rates of 3.6% (5/140), 17.9% (25/140) and 22.1% (31/140) were obtained for 5, 10 and 12 SNP cut-off values, respectively. In conclusion, routine WGS has a high diagnostic accuracy to detect resistance against key current anti-TB drugs, allowing results to be obtained through a single analysis and helping to cut quickly the chain of transmission of drug-resistant TB in Peru."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

SEVERE HYPERTRANSAMINASEMIA IN CHILDREN WITH TUBERCULOSIS TREATED WITH RIFAMPICIN/ISONIAZID/PYRAZINAMIDE FIXED-DOSE THERAPY: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY (ESPGHAN 2024) - "The ADCP scheme is associated with a significant risk of severe hypertransaminasemia, leading to dangerous discontinuation of TB therapy and need to restart with distinct drug administration. ADCP are not suitable for children and should not be used in children."

Clinical • Hepatology • Infectious Disease • Pain • Pediatrics • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

When Necrotizing Pneumonia is Tuberculosis: Sequelae After Critical Illness (ATS 2024) - "He was discharged home on a treatment regimen that included Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Prednisolone, as well as physical and occupational therapy. There is a gap in our understanding of both the short- and long-term consequences of childhood pleural and pulmonary tuberculosis. Given the broad spectrum of the initial presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis in pediatrics, there is a need to remain cognizant of the potential for severe infection and post-tuberculosis sequelae."

Bronchiectasis • Chronic Cough • Cough • Fibrosis • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Musculoskeletal Pain • Pain • Pediatrics • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Septic Shock • Tuberculosis

Adequacy of the New Pediatric Isoniazid/Rifampin/Pyrazinamide (HRZ) Tablet (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=92 | Recruiting | Sponsor: University of Florida | Trial completion date: Aug 2023 ➔ Aug 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Aug 2023 ➔ Aug 2024

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Pediatrics • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

PanACEA - STEP2C -01 (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=360 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Michael Hoelscher | Phase classification: P2b ➔ P2

Phase classification • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Effect of Metformin on Plasma Exposure of Rifampicin, Isoniazid, and Pyrazinamide in Patients on Treatment for Pulmonary Tuberculosis. (PubMed, Ther Drug Monit) - "Metformin altered rifampicin and isoniazid plasma concentrations in patients receiving antituberculosis treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis with little effect on sputum conversion at the end of treatment. Studies with larger sample sizes are needed to understand host drug-drug interactions."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • SLC22A1

Development of a HPLC Method for Analysis of a Combination of Clofazimine, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Rifampicin Incorporated into a Dermal Self-Double-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System. (PubMed, Methods Protoc) - "Precision experiments rendered a mean recovery percentage of 101.25% (isoniazid), 98.70% (pyrazinamide), 99.68% (rifampicin) and 97.14% (clofazimine). This HPLC method was validated and is reliable, repeatable, and accurate for the purpose of conducting simultaneous HPLC analyses of the four anti-tubercular drugs."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

Disseminated tuberculosis in a child during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case report and literature review. (PubMed, Front Immunol) - "Empirical treatment was initiated with dexamethasone (5 mg/day) and an anti-tuberculosis regimen of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, amikacin, and meropenem, which was replaced with faropenem after she left the hospital. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first case report of disseminated tuberculosis after COVID-19 infection. Tuberculosis may disseminate and progress during the COVID-19 pandemic, requiring more significant studies to provide better diagnosis and treatment options for the co-infection."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • CD4

Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Isoniazid and Acetylisoniazid in Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury Model in Wistar Rats. (PubMed, J Pharm Bioallied Sci) - "AcINH AUC increased by double in the CCl + Isoniazid+Rifampicin+Pyrazinamide (HRZ) group compared with the CCl + H group (P < 0.05). Biochemical, histological, and antioxidant changes were consistent with the new liver injury model's development. Rifampicin almost doubles up the isoniazid and AcINH exposure, in presence if DILI."

Journal • PK/PD data • Preclinical • Hepatology • Infectious Disease • Liver Failure • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • NAT2

A Rare Case of Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism in a Patient With Disseminated Tberculosis and Tuberculoma Involving Tuberculum Sellae (ENDO 2023) - "The patient was started on antitubercular treatment with isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, streptomycin, and dexamethasone. Abstracts presented at a news conference are embargoed until the date and time of the news conference. The Endocrine Society reserves the right to lift the embargo on specific abstracts that are selected for promotion prior to or during ENDO.*"

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Depression • Endocrine Disorders • Epilepsy • Infectious Disease • Oncology • Psychiatry • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • Ventriculomegaly

NEUROLOGICAL DEFICITS DUE TO BRAIN ABSCESSES CAUSED BY DISSEMINATED INFECTION WITH MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS (ESPID 2023) - "For presumed TB, she was started on quadruple treatment (Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Prothionamide) and steroids...PCR detects multiple species of the “MTB complex”, including M. bovis. Hence, mycobacterial culture remains the gold standard and is of critical importance to tailor the most efficient antimycobacterial regimen."

CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Infectious Disease • Pain • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis

BASELINE CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS IN THE SURE TRIAL (ISRCTN40829906) (ESPID 2023) - "Methods SURE is a factorial phase III RCT evaluating the non-inferiority for mortality of shorter intensive 6-month (high-dose rifampicin/isoniazid, pyrazinamide, levofloxacin) vs standard 12- month antituberculosis treatment and superiority of aspirin vs placebo on neurological disability. Between 3 March 2021 and 31 December 2022, 157 children (females [45%], median age 4.0 years [IQR 1.0 – 9.5]) were enrolled. Five [3%] are HIV infected with one on ART before randomisation. 28 (18%) reported history of TB contact in the preceding year."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pediatrics • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis • Ventriculomegaly

RECURRENT PNEUMOTHORAX IN A 4-YEAR-OLD IMMUNOCOMPETENT GIRL WITH CAVITATING PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS (ESPID 2023) - "The patient had an uneventful postoperative course with satisfactory re-expansion of the residual lung, and received anti-TB treatment (rifampicin, isoniazide, pyrazinamide) for 12 months after surgery (17 months in total)...This case highlights the importance of contact tracing for TB, especially when children are involved, and BCG vaccination at birth for children from high-risk populations. Moreover, it emphasizes the need to ensure that both patients and their infected contacts receive appropriate treatment through Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) when necessary, as poor treatment compliance can lead to life-threatening complications even in immunocompetent individuals."

Cognitive Disorders • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • Tuberculosis