Tresiba (insulin degludec) / Novo Nordisk - LARVOL DELTA

Conserved Human CD4 T Cell Targets Inform Group A Streptococcus Vaccine Design (IMMUNOLOGY 2026) - "These included known vaccine candidates (SCPA, streptolysin O, SpyCEP) as well as multiple novel targets with comparable or superior immunogenicity (SibA, Isp and NADase)... Together, this study defines the most comprehensive mapping of human GAS-specific CD4⁺ T cell targets to date. These findings provide a roadmap for next-generation GAS vaccines incorporating robust T cell targets and establish tools to investigate immunopathology in GAS-associated autoimmune sequelae."

Immunology • Infectious Disease • CD4

Using Degludec, Faster Aspart, and Other Newer Insulin Analogs in Pregnancy (ADA 2026) - No abstract available

Metabolic Disorders

Improved Glycaemic Control with IDegLira in Chinese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in Real-World Settings: A Retrospective, Database Cohort Study. (PubMed, Diabetes Ther) - "IDegLira statistically improved glycaemic control by reducing HbA1c, FPG, and PPG levels in the Chinese population with T2D, with a favourable safety profile."

Journal • Real-world evidence • Retrospective data • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

A Research Study of a New Medicine NNC0363-1063 in Healthy Participants and Participants With Type 1 Diabetes (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=154 | Completed | Sponsor: Novo Nordisk A/S | Recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Once-weekly insulin GZR4 versus once-daily insulin degludec in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes: A multicenter, open-label, randomized, phase 2 trial. (PubMed, Metabolism) - "In this phase 2 trial, once-weekly GZR4 demonstrated effective glycemic control over 16 weeks in both insulin-naïve patients and those previously treated with basal insulin. The incidence of hypoglycemia was slightly higher with GZR4, particularly in the basal insulin-treated group, though no severe hypoglycemic events were reported. These findings warrant further investigation in larger phase 3 trials, which will utilize an adjusted, more precise molar-dose potency of GZR4 to fully characterize its benefit-risk profile."

Journal • P2 data • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Severe Hypoglycemia • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

TECHNOLOGY TRANSITIONS IN DIABETES EDUCATION CLINICS FOR PATIENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES USING GLUCOSE SENSORS AND AUTOMATED DELIVERY SYSTEMS (ATTD 2026) - "The aim is to empower patients and improve outcomes through structured AID system transitions. A 28-year-old female with 14 years of T1D and poor glycaemic control, complicated by hyperlipidaemia, was prescribed insulin aspart (10 units before meals) and insulin degludec (15 units at bedtime)... Patients with T1D require timely insulin delivery. Barrier to patients can be fear of technology and lack of trust in the systems. Diabetes education clinics can utilise multiple modalities (face-to-face in clinic, teleconsultation, remote digital data downloads) to overcome this barrier during technology transition improving various glycaemic metrics."

Clinical • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

STEADY-STATE PHARMACOKINETICS AND GLUCODYNAMICS OF ONCE-WEEKLY INSULIN EFSITORA ALFA (EFSITORA) IN INDIVIDUALS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES (T2D) (ATTD 2026) - "Following a dose-finding lead-in period with once-daily degludec, eligible participants received a one-time starting dose of 12 U/kg efsitora and weekly doses of 4 U/kg for 9 weeks. Efsitora demonstrated a flat, prolonged PK profile, providing a consistent level of exposure at steady-state and stable glucose-lowering response across the week."

Clinical • PK/PD data • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

DURATION OF HYPOGLYCAEMIA WITH ONCE-WEEKLY INSULIN EFSITORA ALFA VERSUS ONCE-DAILY BASAL INSULINS IN ADULTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES: EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF QWINT 2-4 (ATTD 2026) - "Data from CGM sessions in three phase 3 T2D trials were included: QWINT-2 (insulin-naïve, insulin degludec comparator), QWINT-3 (prior basal insulin use, insulin degludec comparator), and QWINT-4 (prior basal/prandial insulin, insulin glargine comparator). Across all three studies, durations of overall hypoglycaemic events were similar between efsitora and once-daily basal insulin comparators. The duration of hypoglycaemic events, assessed by masked CGM, was similar with efsitora versus once-daily basal insulins in participants with T2D."

Clinical • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ONCE-WEEKLY BASAL INSULIN EFSITORA COMPARED TO INSULIN DEGLUDEC IN INSULIN NAÏVE EAST ASIAN ADULTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES (ATTD 2026) - "In the East Asian participants of QWINT-2, once-weekly efsitora demonstrated similar efficacy and safety to once-daily degludec, showing consistency with the results of the global cohort."

Clinical • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

NN1436-7727: A Research Study to See How Well Weekly Insulin Icodec Maintains Blood Sugar Levels Compared to Daily Basal Insulins in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes (clinicaltrialsregister.eu) - P4 | N=204 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Novo Nordisk A/S

New P4 trial • Real-world evidence • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

A LIFETIME COST-UTILITY ANALYSIS OF IGLARLIXI VERSUS IDEGASP IN TYPE 2 DIABETES IN TURKIYE (ISPOR 2026) - "iGlarLixi is a cost-effective option compared to iDegAsp for uncontrolled T2D in Turkiye,delivering additional life years and QALYs at an acceptable cost.Given the favorable cost-effectiveness of iGlarLixi in patients below the current BMI ≥35 reimbursement cutoff,policymakers could broaden their perspective in the reimbursement restrictions to enhance patient access to newer treatments"

HEOR • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Safety and Effectiveness of Insulin Degludec in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Chronic Liver Disease. (PubMed, Cureus) - "The study findings suggest that insulin degludec can be considered a safe option for patients with T2DM with CLD. However, prospective studies with larger sample sizes and a comparator arm are warranted to highlight insulin degludec's potential in this patient population."

Journal • Diabetes • Hepatology • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

TRANSPORTABILITY-INFORMED CLINICAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF TIRZEPATIDE FOR LOCAL HTA DECISION-MAKING (ISPOR 2026) - "The transported estimand was the mean difference in bodyweight change (kg) at 52 weeks for tirzepatide (15 mg) versus insulin degludec... Our study demonstrates the feasibility of generating locally relevant evidence using a transportability analysis. Transported effect estimates can then be used throughout value assessment to generate cost-effectiveness estimates that better reflect local contexts."

Clinical • HEOR

GZR33-T1D-US101: A Trial to Evaluate the Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Insulin GZR33 Compared with Insulin Degludec at steady state in participants with Type 1 Diabetes (clinicaltrialsregister.eu) - P1 | N=14 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals USA Corp.

New P1 trial • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

GZR33-T1D-US101: A Trial to Evaluate the Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Insulin GZR33 Compared with Insulin Degludec at steady state in participants with Type 1 Diabetes (clinicaltrialsregister.eu) - P1 | N=14 | Completed | Sponsor: Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals USA Corp. | Recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Metformin provides superior neuroprotective potential compared to semaglutide in preventing diabetes-associated Alzheimer's disease via dual actions. (PubMed, Commun Med (Lond)) - "These findings reveal that diabetes therapies differ in their ability to protect against AD. Metformin shows the strongest potential, supporting its prioritization for targeted studies in people with diabetes who are at high risk of AD, and highlighting the importance of precision medicine in future prevention trials."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Intentional co-ingestion of levothyroxine and insulin in a teenager. (PubMed, J Diabetes Metab Disord) - "A 14-year-old female with type 1 diabetes and Hashimoto thyroiditis presented following intentional ingestion of 6.75 milligrams levothyroxine, 60 units insulin aspart, and 80 units insulin degludec. Co-ingestion of insulin and levothyroxine appears to minimize symptomatic thyrotoxicosis risk, potentially through inhibition of thyroxine to triiodothyronine conversion and glucose homeostasis maintenance. This case highlights complex interactions in polydrug ingestions and suggests insulin may provide protection against thyroid storm in mixed overdoses."

Journal • Diabetes • Endocrine Disorders • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Characterisation of steady-state pharmacokinetics and glucodynamics of once-weekly insulin efsitora alfa in individuals with type 2 diabetes. (PubMed, Diabetes Obes Metab) - "Efsitora demonstrated a flat, prolonged PK profile, providing a consistent level of insulin exposure at steady-state and resulting in a stable glucose-lowering response across the weekly dosing interval."

Journal • PK/PD data • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cost-utility of once-weekly insulin icodec versus once-daily basal insulins for type 2 diabetes in China. (PubMed, Diabetes Obes Metab) - "Once-weekly icodec represents a cost-effective and clinically beneficial alternative to once-daily basal insulin analogues for Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes within the current reimbursement framework."

HEOR • Journal • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 1 Diabetes: A Review. (PubMed, JAMA) - "Insulin regimens that mimic normal physiology include long-acting basal insulin (eg, glargine or degludec) administered once to twice daily and rapid-acting bolus insulin (eg, aspart or lispro) administered prior to meals that contain carbohydrates and during periods of hyperglycemia...Type 1 diabetes accounts for 5% to 10% of all cases of diabetes and is characterized by the presence of islet autoantibodies in 90% to 95% of patients. Lifelong use of insulin therapy is currently required for treatment of type 1 diabetes."

Clinical • Journal • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Pain • Renal Disease • Retinal Disorders • Solid Tumor • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

How to manage patients with diabetes suffering from unstable blood glucose control due to insulin antibodies. (PubMed, Endocrine) - "We established and validated a non-isotopic method to identify suitable insulin preparations that bound less to insulin antibodies. Correcting respiratory acidosis during sleep might be effective to prevent nocturnal hypoglycemia in some patients with diabetes having insulin antibodies."

Journal • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Regimen Transition After Short-Term Intensive Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=324 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Yanbing Li | Initiation date: Oct 2025 ➔ Mar 2026

Trial initiation date • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Safety and Feasibility of Algorithmic Continuous Glucose Monitoring-Based Titration in People with Type 2 Diabetes Using Insulin Degludec, With or Without Noninsulin Glucose-Lowering Drugs: A 16-Week Randomized Controlled Trial. (PubMed, Diabetes Technol Ther) - P=N/A | "Using CGM and receiving algorithmic CGM-based titrations were feasible, safe, and had favorable overall glycemic metrics. Long-term impact should be confirmed in broader populations."

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Severe Hypoglycemia • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Evaluation of Overall Health State, Treatment Burden, and Satisfaction with Insulin Efsitora Alfa (Efsitora) vs. Daily Comparator in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in the QWINT Clinical Trial Program. (PubMed, Diabetes Ther) - P3 | "Participants in the QWINT-1 to -4 studies demonstrated a strong preference for efsitora, along with improved overall functioning, well-being, and treatment burden compared to daily basal insulins."

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Insulins for type 2 diabetes. (PubMed, Med Lett Drugs Ther) - No abstract available

Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus