Tresiba (insulin degludec) / Novo Nordisk - LARVOL DELTA

Talin force coupling underlies eukaryotic cell-substrate adhesion. (PubMed, Nat Commun) - "By comparing the molecular mechanics of talin-A from amoeboid cells with that of mammalian talin-1, we uncover a conserved role for talin in transmitting pN-scale forces, even in unicellular organisms lacking canonical integrin receptors but expressing the functional homologue SibA. Our data indicate that the critical evolutionary steps towards integrin-mediated cell adhesion in metazoan organisms were the specialization of talin as an adaptor protein allowing the activation of integrin receptors, the regulation of biochemical signaling by paxillin, FAK and YAP, and the control of cell adhesion turnover by KANK recruitment. Collectively, these experiments suggest a central but thus far underappreciated role for talin in the evolution of eukaryotic cell-substrate adhesion and force transmission."

Journal • TLN1

Once-weekly administration of insulin in the real-world management of type 2 diabetes. A Delphi-like consensus. (PubMed, Acta Diabetol) - "The advent of once-weekly insulin icodec therapy is an unprecedent breakthrough in diabetes care. Compared with once-daily insulin analogues, it offers a simplified, secure, enhanced, and sustained glycemic control, counteracting therapeutic inertia, expectedly improving adherence to insulin therapy. Insulin icodec can not only enable personalized treatment and positively impact the clinical outcome, but also improve patient satisfaction and overall quality of life."

Journal • Real-world evidence • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Factors Accounting for Pharmacodynamic Variability of Basal Insulin Preparations in Euglycemic Clamp Settings in Healthy Individuals. (PubMed, Clin Pharmacokinet) - "Variations in target BG might contribute to PD variability of long-acting insulin preparations in euglycemic clamp settings in healthy individuals."

Journal • PK/PD data

Comparative Effectiveness of Switching From First-Generation Basal Insulins to Either Glargine 300 U/mL or Degludec 100 U/mL in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Results From the ISPED CARD Clinical Registry. (PubMed, Pediatr Diabetes) - "To assess the real-world effectiveness of switching from first-generation basal insulins (1BIs) to either glargine U300 (Gla-300) or degludec U100 (Deg-100) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D), using data from the Italian ISPED CARD clinical registry. Although both insulins showed comparable effectiveness, differences in titration patterns highlight the need for individualized treatment strategies and improved clinician education in insulin optimization. Safety outcomes, particularly hypoglycemia, could not be assessed."

Clinical • HEOR • Journal • Observational data • Retrospective data • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Pediatrics • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

A Study of LY3938577 in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Previously Treated With Basal Insulin (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=100 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Eli Lilly and Company | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting

Enrollment open • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Exploring the Evidence for Personalized Pharmacotherapy in Type 2 Diabetes-A Systematic Review. (PubMed, J Pers Med) - " We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published from the earliest available records to 18 August 2025 using the following Boolean search terms: "miRNA AND gliclazide", "miRNA AND glibenclamide", "miRNA AND gliquidone", "miRNA AND glimepiride", "mirRNA AND metformin", "miRNA AND pioglitazone", "miRNA AND rosiglitazone", "miRNA AND sitagliptin", "miRNA AND vildagliptin", "miRNA AND alogliptin", "miRNA and saxagliptin", "miRNA AND linagliptin", "miRNA AND liraglutide", "miRNA and dulaglutide", "miRNA AND semaglutide", "miRNA AND tirzepatide", "miRNA AND lixisenatide", "miRNA AND empagliflozin", "miRNA AND dapagliflozin", miRNA AND insulin glargine", "miRNA AND insulin detemir", "miRNA AND insulin degludec", "miRNA AND..."

Journal • Review • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Efficacy and safety of insulin degludec/aspart in patients with type 2 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: real-world evidence from Indonesia. (PubMed, Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)) - "Real-world studies on insulin degludec/aspart (IDegAsp) have been conducted in some Southeast Asian populations; however, data specific to Indonesia remain limited. IDegAsp demonstrated sustained glycemic improvement at 3-, 6-, and 12-months follow-ups with a favorable safety profile over one year, in both T1DM and T2DM populations in Indonesia. These findings support its utility in routine clinical practice, particularly among patients with unmet glycemic targets or complex treatment needs."

HEOR • Journal • Real-world evidence • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Severe Hypoglycemia • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Clamp Study to Estimate the Relative Potency of GZR33 Versus Insulin Degludec at Steady State (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=12 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Gan and Lee Pharmaceuticals, USA

New P1 trial • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

GZR4-T2D-302: A Phase III Clinical Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of GZR4 in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Basal Insulin (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=620 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals. | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting

Enrollment closed • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Switch from premixed insulin analogue to degludec-liraglutide combination: a CGM study. (PubMed, Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)) - "Basal insulin with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist could be preferred over premixed insulin for intensification in type 2 diabetes due to better glycemic control, lower hypoglycemia risk, and favorable effects on body weight. While numerical reductions in hypoglycemia did not reach statistical significance, treatment was not associated with an increased risk of hypoglycemia. iDegLira can be an efficient and safe treatment option, providing simplified treatment with improved glycemic control."

Journal • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

A Study of LY3938577 in Healthy Participants and Participants With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=118 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Eli Lilly and Company | N=70 ➔ 118 | Trial completion date: Oct 2025 ➔ Oct 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Oct 2025 ➔ Oct 2026

Enrollment change • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

A Study Comparing SHR-3167 and Insulin Degludec in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects Treated With Basal Insulin With or Without Oral Antidiabetic Drugs (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=173 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd. | Not yet recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting

Enrollment closed • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Replacing or Supplementing Automated Insulin Delivery With Inhaled Insulin: A 90-Day Randomized Controlled Trial. (PubMed, J Diabetes Sci Technol) - "This proof-of-concept study demonstrated the safety and efficacy of TI, at a higher modified dose conversion, when added for mealtime control to an AID system or was used for glycemic control with basal insulin."

Journal • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

The Long-Term Cost-Effectiveness of Insulin Icodec vs. Once-Daily Basal Insulin Analogs in Italy (ISPOR-EU 2025) - "OBJECTIVES: Daily basal insulin injections remain a cornerstone of type 2 diabetes (T2D) management, yet their frequency can impose a considerable burden on patients' quality of life. Based on a willingness-to-pay range of EUR 25,000-40,000 per QALY gained, icodec was projected to be highly cost-effective for treating insulin-naïve people with T2D in Italy, resulting from a reduced injection burden and a lowered incidence of diabetes-related complications."

Cost effectiveness • HEOR • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Systematic Review of the Cost-Effectiveness of Insulin Therapies in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (ISPOR-EU 2025) - "Insulin icodec showed both cost savings (USD 479.96-974.01) and improved outcomes (0.04-0.08 QALYs) versus insulin degludec. Insulin glargine 100 was cost-effective compared to NPH insulin (ICERs USD 423.85-21,589.82) and dominant over insulin detemir... SR highlights the cost-effectiveness of various insulin therapies and offers valuable data for future pharmacoeconomic research. However, studies from Southeast Asia, including Vietnam, remain limited, indicating a need for further regional research."

Cost effectiveness • HEOR • Review • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly and Once-Daily Basal Insulins in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials (ISPOR-EU 2025) - "In T1DM, once-weekly basal insulins appear to offer a slight advantage in reducing HbA1c at week 52. Although an increased risk of overall hypoglycemia was associated with icodec vs. degludec 100 and detemir at week 52, evidence suggests a comparable risk severe hypoglycemias between treatments."

Retrospective data • Review • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Severe Hypoglycemia • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Weight Loss Efficacy for GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Tirzepatide (ISPOR-EU 2025) - "Based on this Bayesian NMA, Tirzepatide appears to be the most effective pharmacotherapy for mean weight loss compared to liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, insulin degludec, and placebo. However, the methodology disregarded dose-dependent efficacy and not adjusted for patient-level variabilities, which should be explored further."

Retrospective data

Cardiovascular Safety and Hypoglycemia Risk: Comparing Degludec and Glargine in High-Risk Algerian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (DEVOTE Study, Subpopulation Analysis) (ISPOR-EU 2025) - "Degludec demonstrates favorable outcomes in high cardiovascular risk patients with T2D, suggesting a substantial benefit regarding cardiovascular events and the severity of diurnal and nocturnal hypoglycemia. These findings highlight the importance of considering specific clinical perspectives when assessing treatment options for T2D in Algeria."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Severe Hypoglycemia • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Early subcutaneous basal insulin with intravenous insulin infusion for diabetic ketoacidosis management: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. (PubMed, Diabetes Obes Metab) - "Early SC basal insulin in combination with IVII significantly accelerates DKA resolution and reduces total IVII requirements, without increasing the risk of adverse events, including hypoglycemia or hypokalemia."

Journal • Retrospective data • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders

Efficacy of IDegLira Combined with Oral Antidiabetic Drugs in Short-Term Intensive Intervention for Remission of Type 2 Diabetes (ChiCTR) - P4 | N=196 | Not yet recruiting | Sponsor: Southern Medical University Southern Hospital; Southern Medical University Southern Hospital

Head-to-Head • New P4 trial • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cost-Effectiveness of Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec versus Daily Basal Insulins in Chinese Adults with T2DM: A Treatment-Background Stratified Analysis. (PubMed, Clinicoecon Outcomes Res) - "Insulin icodec offers cost-saving potential versus degludec in insulin-naïve T2DM patients. For basal and basal-bolus-treated patients, the clinical use of icodec needs to be critically evaluated for cost burden, and it is recommended that it be used preferentially in patients who are sensitive to the frequency of injections."

HEOR • Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Emerging Insulin Analogues: A Glimpse into How Insulin Analogues May Look in the near Future. (PubMed, Pharmaceutics) - "Although the analogues are often limited to preclinical studies, Degludec, Icodec, and Efsitora have been the exceptions...Due to the fast pace of innovation in the design of insulin analogues, more insulin analogues are likely to emerge in the clinical space in the near future. Such innovations should be applauded and encouraged as they aim to strive for better management of diabetes mellitus."

Journal • Review • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders

Case Studies From India: Management of Diabetes Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring. (PubMed, Cureus) - "The patient was on insulin Degludec (Tresiba®, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark) and experienced two minor low-glucose events but no major complications; a 69-year-old male patient with diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease who had a TIR of 56% on Tresiba® and oral medications, with an average glucose of 177 mg/dL and estimated HbA1c 7.5%, controlled glucose variability, and no hypoglycemic events. These cases highlight the effectiveness of CGM in managing diabetes across diverse clinical conditions in adults. The CGM system enables tailoring of treatment regimens to improve glycemic control and reduce the risk of hypoglycemia, all of which are essential for optimizing patient outcomes."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Coronary Artery Disease • Diabetes • Gestational Diabetes • Hepatology • Hypertension • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Sensor-Derived Glycemic Metrics in Women with Type 1 Diabetes Using Insulin Degludec Versus Other Basal Insulin Analogs During Pregnancy-A Post Hoc Analysis of the CopenFast Trial. (PubMed, Womens Health Rep (New Rochelle)) - "The use of faster-acting insulin aspart and insulin aspart was equally distributed in the two groups. Birthweight standard deviation score was 1.5 ± 1.2 versus 0.8 ± 1.1 (p = 0.01). In this post hoc analysis, pregnant women with type 1 diabetes using degludec achieved lower nighttime TIRp, experienced less severe hypoglycemia, and delivered infants who were heavier and thereby had less appropriate size compared with women using other basal insulin analogs."

Journal • Retrospective data • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Severe Hypoglycemia • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Development and validation of a composite digital balance score for spinocerebellar ataxia: a prospective study. (PubMed, Lancet Digit Health) - P | "SIBA is a suitable digital measure of static and dynamic balance for the most common spinocerebellar ataxias in clinical trials. It may permit clinical trials to be completed more rapidly and with fewer participants. Future trials on responsiveness of the SIBA to interventions are needed in larger cohorts."

Journal • Ataxia • Movement Disorders