Tresiba (insulin degludec) / Novo Nordisk - LARVOL DELTA

Effects of Different Exogenous Insulin Analog Treatments on the Evaluation of Pancreatic Islet Function in Diabetes. (PubMed, J Diabetes Res) - "Insulin glargine can be detected by ECLIA, which causes significant positive interference in insulin test results. The degree of interference positively correlates with EINS/weight. For patients using insulin glargine, INS0h test results may reflect the sum of suppressed endogenous insulin and exogenous insulin. In contrast, ECLIA is virtually incapable of detecting aspart insulin, lispro insulin, deglutamate insulin, and detemir insulin; these analogs exhibit low cross-reactivity with the ECLIA detection antibodies, resulting in underestimation of insulin levels. Consequently, the true basal level of pancreatic islet function in patients using these insulins may be underestimated."

Journal • Diabetes • Endocrine Disorders • Metabolic Disorders

Intra-Subject Variability in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Basal Insulin at Two Single-Dose Levels: Findings from Euglycemic Glucose Clamp Bioequivalence Studies of Insulin Degludec. (PubMed, Pharmaceutics) - "Notably, the 0.4 U/kg dose exhibited significantly higher intra-CV for AUCGIR,0-24h (24.9% vs. 20.2%, p = 0.049) and AUCGIR,0-12h (37.6% vs. 27.6%, p = 0.005) compared to the 0.5 U/kg dose. Applying a 0.5 U/kg dose reduced intra-subject PD variability and improved equivalence likelihood for secondary endpoints, indicating that a higher single dose might be optimal in bioequivalence study design."

Journal • PK/PD data

Single-ascending Dose Study of HEC-151 Injection (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=81 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd. | Trial completion date: Sep 2026 ➔ Jan 2027 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2026 ➔ Dec 2026

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date

A Phase I Study of the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Single Subcutaneous UBT38006 Injection in Healthy Adult Males (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1 | N=53 | Recruiting | Sponsor: The United Bio-Technology (Hengqin) Co., Ltd. | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting

Enrollment open • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of novel once-weekly insulin GZR4 versus insulin degludec in people with type 2 diabetes (EASD 2026) - P1 | "Based on this interim analysis, in individuals with T2D, once-weekly GZR4 showed a persistent glucose-lowering effect in an evenly daily distribution pattern over a full week dosing interval. The PK profile of GZR4 — characterized by a long terminal half-life (149 h) and sustained exposure through 168 h post-dose — supports once-weekly dosing. GZR4 was found to have a higher molar potency than IDeg."

Late-breaking abstract • PK/PD data • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Efficacy and safety of once-weekly insulin SHR-3167 vs daily insulin degludec in type 2 diabetes participants previously treated with basal insulin with or without oral antidiabetic drugs (EASD 2026) - P2 | "Once-weekly insulin SHR-3167 showed numerically greater HbA1c reduction and clinically meaningful improvements in TIR, with a similar overall safety and hypoglycemia profile to that of once-daily insulin IDeg, in insulin-treated participants with T2DM."

Clinical • Late-breaking abstract • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Use of ultra-long acting insulin analogue, Icodec, in solid organ-transplanted recipients (SOTRs) with post-transplant diabetes (PTDM) (EASD 2026) - "Icodec demonstrated non-inferiority versus once- daily long-acting analogues (glargine and degludec) in registration trials... In this pilot cohort of SOTRs with PTDM, once-weekly icodec maintained stable glycemic control without increasing hypoglycemia, confirming a favorable safety profile. Importantly, the reduced injection frequency represents a meaningful advantage in terms of treatment convenience and feasibility in a population characterized by complex polypharmacotherapy. These findings address a relevant evidence gap and support the potential role of icodec as a simplified insulin strategy in the post-transplant setting."

Post-transplantation • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders

Superior glycaemic control with once-weekly insulin GZR4 versus once-daily insulin degludec in adults with basal insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: SUPER-2 (EASD 2026) - P3 | "In the SUPER-2 trial, once-weekly GZR4 demonstrated a superior HbA 1c reduction compared with once-daily IDeg in adults with basal insulin-treated type 2 diabetes at a similar weekly insulin dose, and enabled more participants to achieve glycaemic targets, with a comparable risk of level 2 or 3 hypoglycaemia to that of IDeg. Moreover, glycaemic parameters were quickly and effectively controlled without a one-time additional GZR4 loading dose while switching from a daily basal insulin dose. GZR4 may facilitate adherence to insulin therapy by reducing basal insulin injections and simplifying the dosing regimen."

Clinical • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Pharmacodynamic properties of novel once-daily insulin GZR33 in people with type 1 diabetes (EASD 2026) - "In individuals with T1D, once-daily GZR33 showed a sustained glucose-lowering effect over the 24-hour dosing interval, with a more evenly distributed glucose-lowering effect than insulin degludec. These pharmacological characteristics support further clinical development of GZR33 as a once-daily basal insulin."

PK/PD data • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Exogenous insulin antibody syndrome presenting with concurrent hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia: A case report following complete pancreatectomy. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "This case highlights that EIAS is a rare but important cause of paradoxical hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in insulin-treated patients. MMF can serve as an effective therapeutic agent."

Journal • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia

Efficacy and safety of insulin icodec compared with insulin efsitora in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. (PubMed, Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)) - "Regarding safety outcomes, insulin degludec had a lower incidence of both level 1 and level 2 or 3 hypoglycemia than the other three insulins. Direct head to head RCTs are warranted to confirm these findings. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD420251177019."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Review • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Pharmacokinetics, Clinical Efficacy, and Safety of Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec: A Structured Narrative Review (2022-2026). (PubMed, Cureus) - "However, in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) (ONWARDS 6), while glycemic efficacy was non-inferior, icodec was associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of severe or clinically significant hypoglycemia compared to insulin degludec. Insulin icodec may represent an important advancement in the management of T2D, offering improved glycemic control with a substantially reduced injection burden. While its use in T1D requires cautious consideration due to hypoglycemia risks, icodec has the potential to become a preferred standard of care for insulin-requiring T2D globally."

Journal • PK/PD data • Review • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Severe Hypoglycemia • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Rapid and comprehensive identification of the metabolic soft spots of peptide drugs with highly cross-linked disulfide bonds by integrating established proteomic workflow with a product ion filtering strategy. (PubMed, Drug Metab Dispos) - "Linaclotide, insulin glargine, and insulin degludec were selected as representative peptide drugs. Reduction and alkylation eliminate analytical complexity from cross-linked disulfide architectures, enabling comprehensive peptide metabolite characterization. This study provides a transferable, integrated analytical strategy for the comprehensive identification of metabolic soft spots and metabolites in other peptides with highly cross-linked disulfide bonds."

Journal

The role of GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonists in the treatment of diabetes and obesity. (PubMed, Pharmacol Res) - "Currently FDA-approved GLP-1 peptide receptor agonists used for the management of diabetes include liraglutide, semaglutide, and injectable dulaglutide...Orforglipron is a small molecule orally bioavailable medicine that is approved for the treatment of obesity. Retatrutide is an injectable peptide agonist of GLP-1R, GIPR, and the glucagon receptor that is undergoing clinical trials for the management of obesity and diabetes...A universal side effect of all GLP-1 receptor agonists includes nausea and vomiting. Consequently, the dosage is escalated sequentially over a period of weeks to mitigate these side effects."

Journal • Review • Diabetes • Genetic Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Obesity • Obstructive Sleep Apnea • Respiratory Diseases • Sleep Disorder • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Liver Fat Changes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes by Presence of Genetic Hepatic Steatosis: A Post Hoc Analysis of SURPASS-3 MRI. (PubMed, Liver Int) - P3 | "In the SURPASS-3 MRI substudy, tirzepatide significantly reduced liver fat content (LFC) versus insulin degludec in insulin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease...In this exploratory analysis, the presence of PNPLA3 I148M allele did not seem to affect tirzepatide-induced improvement in LFC and several cardiometabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03882970."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • Diabetes • Hepatology • Metabolic Disorders • Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • PNPLA3

Insulin Efsitora Versus Degludec in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Using Basal Insulin: QWINT-3 Japan Subgroup Analysis. (PubMed, Diabetes Ther) - P3 | "Once-weekly efsitora was similar to once-daily degludec in lowering HbA1c in Japanese QWINT-3 participants with T2D already receiving daily basal insulin. Efficacy and safety were consistent with the overall QWINT-3 study population. This subgroup analysis suggests that efsitora is well tolerated and effective as a once-weekly basal insulin in Japanese adults with T2D inadequately controlled with daily basal insulin."

Journal • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Factors associated with impaired hypoglycemia awareness in patients with type 2 diabetes in Korea: a cross-sectional study. (PubMed, J Korean Biol Nurs Sci) - "Accordingly, patients with long-standing T2DM should be prioritized for regular IAH screening. Furthermore, targeted nursing interventions, such as structured hypoglycemia education tailored for insulin degludec users, frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose, and individualized counseling on hypoglycemia prevention and management, are recommended to reduce the risk of IAH and promote safer glycemic control among patients with T2DM."

Journal • Observational data • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Projecting the Long-Term Cost-Effectiveness of Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec Versus Once-Daily Basal Insulin Analogs in Italy Using the Prime T2D Model. (PubMed, Diabetes Obes Metab) - "Icodec was projected to be cost-effective versus once-daily insulins for insulin-naïve people with T2D in Italy."

HEOR • Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

OPTI-2: Phase 2b Trial Comparing HDV-Insulin Lispro to Insulin Lispro in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Receiving Insulin Degludec (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=227 | Completed | Sponsor: Diasome Pharmaceuticals | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

A Study of LY3938577 in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Previously Treated With Basal Insulin (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=100 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Eli Lilly and Company | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting

Enrollment closed • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Implementation Aspects of a Medicines Shortage Policy Tool: Evidence from Australia's Serious Scarcity Substitution Instruments. (PubMed, Drug Saf) - "While product shortages led to decreases in medicines consumption, SSSIs appeared to be successful in limiting decreases. However, SSSIs were less likely to be successful when many of the permitted substitute products were also scarce."

Journal

Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of GZR33 Injection in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=350 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals. | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting | Trial primary completion date: Apr 2027 ➔ Apr 2026

Enrollment open • Trial primary completion date • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Insulin Efsitora for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study. (PubMed, Medeni Med J) - "Moreover, no statistically significant differences were identified in overall hypoglycemic events, level 2 or 3 hypoglycemic episodes, or nocturnal hypoglycemia, irrespective of diabetes mellitus subtype. Our meta-analysis shows no statistically significant difference between once-weekly insulin efsitora therapy and insulin degludec therapy in terms of glycemic control and hypoglycemic events."

Journal • Retrospective data • Diabetes • Hypoglycemia • Metabolic Disorders • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Evaluation of the Clinical Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Tirzepatide for Type 2 Diabetes in Canada Using Bayesian Transportability Analysis. (PubMed, Value Health Reg Issues) - "Our study demonstrates the feasibility of generating locally relevant evidence using transportability analysis and highlights the importance of deriving locally representativeness estimates for local decision making."

HEOR • Journal • Diabetes • Metabolic Disorders • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

From papules to plasma: Eruptive xanthomas revealing hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes in a teenager (BAD 2026) - "He received urgent treatment for hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes (metformin, degludec insulin, bezafibrate and semaglutide injection). This case highlights the importance of recognizing eruptive xanthomas as a cutaneous marker of severe metabolic disease. Early dermatological diagnosis enabled timely intervention, which is important to prevent serious complications such as acute pancreatitis."

Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Hypertriglyceridemia • Metabolic Disorders • Pancreatitis • Severe Hypertriglyceridemia • Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus • CD1a • CD68