pizotifen malate / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Antidepressant-Like Effects of β-Amyrin in Murine, Zebrafish, and In Silico Models: Involvement of Noradrenergic Neurotransmission Systems (Neuroscience 2026) - "In the PMT, BA and fluoxetine-treated zebrafish exhibited similar behaviors by significantly increasing the frequency of entries into colored zones, compared to the zebrafish in the negative control group. Pretreatment with propranolol, a nonselective β-antagonist, and yohimbine (α2 antagonist) significantly reversed BA's antidepressant-like effects, while pretreatment with pizotifen and ondansetron did not significantly alter BA's effects in the FST and TST...MDS analysis shows BA binds to NET. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity evaluation indicated BA possesses generally favorable drug-likeness and safety profile."

Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Depression

Systematic Review of Pharmacologic Treatment for Migraine Prevention in Adults: Report of the AAN Guidelines Subcommittee and the American Headache Society. (PubMed, Headache) - "This SR provides a comprehensive synthesis of evidence on pharmacologic migraine prevention in adults. High- and moderate-confidence findings confirm the efficacy of several established and newer preventive therapies and demonstrate improvements in patient-reported outcomes across multiple validated measures. These conclusions informed the development of evidence-based recommendations, presented in a companion publication, to guide clinicians in selecting preventive medications for adults with episodic and chronic migraine."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Pain

Systematic Review of Pharmacologic Treatment for Migraine Prevention in Adults: Report of the AAN Guidelines Subcommittee and the American Headache Society. (PubMed, Neurology) - "This SR provides a comprehensive synthesis of evidence on pharmacologic migraine prevention in adults. High- and moderate-confidence findings confirm the efficacy of several established and newer preventive therapies and demonstrate improvements in patient-reported outcomes across multiple validated measures. These conclusions informed the development of evidence-based recommendations, presented in a companion publication, to guide clinicians in selecting preventive medications for adults with episodic and chronic migraine."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Pain

Drug-associated bipolar disorder: A disproportionality analysis of the FAERS database. (PubMed, Psychiatry Res) - "Most high BD-signal drugs lack label warnings. Drug-induced BD presents distinct sex and subtype-specific risks, requiring gender- and subtype-personalized clinical monitoring."

Journal • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Characterization of a C9orf72 Knockout Danio rerio model for ALS and cross-species validation of potential therapeutics screened in Caenorhabditis elegans. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "We introduce a novel zebrafish C9orf72 knockout model that exhibits phenotypic differences from depletion models, providing a valuable tool for in vivo C9orf72 research and ALS therapeutic validation. Furthermore, we identify pizotifen malate as a promising compound for further preclinical evaluation."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration

Therapeutic potential of Syzygium cumini L. extract in treating anxiety in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio): Behavioral, toxicological, and molecular evidence involving the GABAergic and serotonergic pathways. (PubMed, Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol) - "Further pharmacological analyses using serotonergic antagonists cyproheptadine, pizotifen, and granisetron attenuated the anxiolytic effects, implicating 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A/2C, and 5-HT3A/3B receptors in the extract's mechanism of action. In an alcohol withdrawal-induced anxiety-like model, EMEScF effectively reduced anxiety-like behaviors, comparable to diazepam. These results indicate that EMEScF exerts anxiolytic-like effects mediated by serotonergic and GABAergic systems, without motor impairment or toxicity, positioning it as a promising natural alternative for anxiety treatment."

Journal • Anesthesia • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Specialist transition headache clinic from an UK perspective: From children to young adults (EHF-EHC 2025) - "The most common preventive treatments tried were pizotifen, propranolol and amitriptyline. A structured transition headache clinic can successfully bridge the gap and provide continuity of care during a pivotal time in the young adult"s lives, both academically and developmentally. As more patients access novel treatments in adulthood, continued follow-up will be crucial to assess long-term outcomes."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Pain

Computational drug repositioning approach to predict multi-target therapeutics for epilepsy. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "The screened drugs were subjected to molecular docking against previously identified therapeutic target proteins (Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel α2; GABA receptor α1-β1; and Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel α1G), A total of 46 drugs showed better binding affinity than the respective standard drugs - Carbamazepine, Clonazepam and Pregabalin for the selected target proteins - Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel α2; GABA receptor α1-β1; and Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel α1G, respectively. The binding pocket and literature data mining revealed three drugs, Oxaprozin, Pizotifen, and Cyproheptadine, that bind within the precise binding pocket and have no reported severe side effects related to seizure onset. The molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed that all three compounds exhibited more stable and better binding interactions with their corresponding drug targets. Oxaprozin, among the identified three drugs, showed a very stable binding and can be considered a potential..."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

Comparative Efficacy of Escitalopram Monotherapy and Escitalopram in Adjuvant With Pizotifen in Depressive Disorder (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=88 | Completed | Sponsor: Riphah International University | Recruiting ➔ Completed

Monotherapy • Trial completion • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Real-world data on Rimegepant for prophylaxis of episodic and chronic migraine in patients with at least three treatment failures. (IHC 2025) - "Patients with CM had tried amitriptyline, propranolol, candesartan, topiramate, pizotifen, venlafaxine, flunarazine, sodium valproate, onabotulinumtoxinA, CGRP mAbs and atogepant unless contraindicated with a minmum of 8 and maximum of 11 treatment failures. Conclusion Rimegepant is a well tolerated and effective prophylactic treatment option for EM and CM. Currently the data is on a small number of patients and we aim to report on a large cohort of patients in due course."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • CNS Disorders • Migraine

Response to intravenous dihydroergotamine (DHE) for the treatment of refractory chronic migraine in adolescent patients (IHC 2025) - "Pre-infusion ondansetron 150 mcg/kg and prochlorperazine 5 mg/kg were administered PRN...For management, 54% (14/26) used sumatriptan,19% (5/26) used rizatriptan, 23% (6/26) used zolmitriptan, and 4% (1/26) used eletriptan. Preventively, 31% (8/26) had used propranolol, 23% (6/26) topiramate, 23% (6/26) amitriptyline, and 23% (6/26) pizotifen...This may include infusion slowing and increasing anti-emetic breadth and doses. Larger longer-term follow up studies are needed."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Migraine

Response to Atogepant in refractory chronic migraine patients: a real world data from Hull Migraine Clinic. (IHC 2025) - "Patients had failed an average of 7.5 (range 5-11) treatments including amitriptyline 93%, propranolol 89%, candesartan 88%, topiramate 72%, pizotifen 39%, flunarazine 25%, venlafaxine 23%, sodium valproate 8% and all (100%) failed onabotulinumtoxinA and CGRP mAbs. It will be interesting to see a response in those with few treatment failures. Atogepant is an effective prophylaxis even in those non-responsive to other treatments."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • CNS Disorders • Migraine

Cephalalgia heterotopica: a case series of lower-half-face migraine (IHC 2025) - "One patient reported significant pain relief with rizatriptan and another with sumatriptan. Preventive treatment, including pizotifen, propranolol, flunarizine, amitriptyline, divalproex sodium, and pregabalin, proved to be effective...A proper case definition of this rare clinical presentation may provide new insights into understanding the mechanisms of migraine. Keywords: facial pain, migraine, lower-half-face migraine."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Migraine

Efficacy and Tolerance of Pizotifen for the Migraine Treatment in a Group of Children in a Brazilian Amazon's City: A Retrospective Study. (PubMed, Neurol India) - "Pizotifen proved to be effective in reducing the frequency and intensity of migraine attacks and had an acceptable tolerance profile, which makes it a good therapeutic option. Randomized clinical trials with a larger number of participants are needed to confirm our findings."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Pain

Anxiety and depression among patients with migraine: A single-center cross-sectional study in Malaysia. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "Anxiety and depression are commonly observed in patients with migraine in Asia. Routine assessments for anxiety and depression should be performed to ensure holistic management of migraine."

Journal • Observational data • Asthma • CNS Disorders • Depression • General Anxiety Disorder • Immunology • Migraine • Mood Disorders • Pain • Psychiatry • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Disruption of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Partially Mediates Neonatal Isoflurane Anesthesia-Induced Changes in Dendritic Spines and Cognitive Function in Juvenile Mice. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Concurrently, the ERK/CREB pathway, which is crucial for synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation, is supported and maintained by pizotifen, thereby preventing cognitive deficits caused in response to isoflurane or postsynaptic density-95-PDZ2-wildtype peptide exposure. Activation of ERK signaling cascade by pizotifen helps to prevent cognitive impairment and spine loss in response to postsynaptic density-95-PDZ2 domain disruption."

Journal • Preclinical • Alzheimer's Disease • Anesthesia • Cognitive Disorders • Developmental Disorders • DLG4 • TJP1

Neuropharmacological potential of Mimosa tenuiflora in adult zebrafish: An integrated approach to GABAergic and serotonergic neuromodulation. (PubMed, Behav Brain Res) - "The anxiolytic response induced by alcohol withdrawal and the seizure induced by pentylenetetrazole were also tested. The possible mechanisms of anxiolytic and antidepressant actions of FATEM were evaluated through the administration of specific antagonists (Flumazenil, Cyproheptadine, Pizotifen or Granisetron)...FATEM did not present acute toxicity and caused a reduction in locomotor activity (p < 0.0001 vs. Control) similar (p< 0.0001) to Diazepam, indicating a sedative/anxiolytic effect...FATEM also prevented anxious behaviors induced by alcohol withdrawal and exhibited an antidepressant effect in the ZTI (p < 0.0001 vs. Control) similar (p < 0.0001) to the effect of Fluoxetine, which was reversed by serotonergic antagonists. In silico evaluations indicated favorable pharmacokinetic properties and affinity of FATEM with GABAergic and serotonergic receptors. The study reveals that FATEM has adequate physicochemical characteristics to act on the CNS with..."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Epilepsy • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Sustainable, Green, and Sensitive Spectrofluorimetric Approach for Pizotifen Maleate Detection in Tablets and Human Plasma via Photo-Induced Electron Transfer Inhibition. (PubMed, Luminescence) - "This new strategy represents a new and sensitive method for accurate PZM monitoring in different samples. Furthermore, the established fluorimetric method's greenness was evaluated."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Pain

Integrative bioinformatics analysis for identifying the mitochondrial-related gene signature associated with immune infiltration in premature ovarian insufficiency. (PubMed, BMC Med) - "Our results highlight the crosstalk between mitochondrial function and the immune response in the development of POI. The identification of MitoDEGs could lead to reliable biomarkers for the early diagnosis, monitoring, and personalized treatment of POI."

Gene Signature • Journal • Immunology • Metabolic Disorders • Women's Health • CFTR • CPT1A • MRPL51

Comparative Efficacy of Escitalopram Monotherapy and Escitalopram in Adjuvant With Pizotifen in Depressive Disorder (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=88 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Riphah International University

New trial • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Molecular docking and GC/MS-based approach for identification of anxiolytic alkaloids from Griffinia (Amaryllidaceae) species in a zebrafish model. (PubMed, Chem Biodivers) - "Furthermore, pre-treatment with diazepam and pizotifen drugs was able to reverse the anxiolytic action, indicating involving the GABAergic and serotonergic receptors. Molecular docking showed that the compounds vittatine, lycorine and 11,12-dehydro-2-methoxyassoanine had high affinity with both receptors, suggesting them to be responsible for the anxiolytic effect."

Journal • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Preventive treatment of migraine: Non-specific oral agents. (PubMed, Handb Clin Neurol) - "Propranolol, metoprolol, candesartan, topiramate, divalproex, lisinopril, amitriptyline, and venlafaxine have the strongest evidence to support for use. Flunarizine and pizotifen may also be effective. Selection of preventive treatments is based on individual characteristics, comorbid conditions, efficacy, contraindications, side effects, cost, compliance, and drug. An adequate trial of migraine prophylaxis is usually 2 months at the target dose, and it is always important to re-evaluate indication for prophylactic use after a period of time."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Pain

Comparison of Efficacy Between Combination of Amitriptyline-propranolol and Pizotifen for Migraine Prophylaxis. (clinicaltrials.gov) - P2 | N=140 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

New P2 trial • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Pain

Pharmaceutical residues in stranded dolphins in the Bay of Biscay. (PubMed, Sci Total Environ) - "Very low concentrations (<1 ng/g) of orphenadrine and pizotifen were found in liver and promethazine in blubber. Herein, the gap in the knowledge regarding the study organisms and marine environments with respect to pharmaceutical pollution, which demands further research to understand if pharmaceuticals are a threat for these apex predators, is highlighted and discussed."

Journal

Anxiolytic-like effects of Pseudospondias microcarpa hydroethanolic leaf extract in zebrafish: Possible involvement of GABAergic and serotonergic pathways. (PubMed, Nat Prod Bioprospect) - "The zebrafish light dark test (LDT) and novel tank test (NTT) were employed to assess the anxiolytic-like effects of PME (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 mg mL), fluoxetine (3 × 10 mg mL) and diazepam (1.5 × 10 mg mL)...The potential mechanisms of anxiolytic action of the extract was evaluated after pre-treated with flumazenil, granisetron, methysergide, or pizotifen, all at 1 × 10 mg mL...In addition, PME treatment significantly reversed CUS-induced anxiety behaviours in zebrafish. Results show that PME possesses anxiolytic-like effects possibly through interaction with serotonergic and gamma-aminobutyric acid mediated pathways."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry