Nitredon (nitrazepam) / Remedica - LARVOL DELTA

Response to nitrazepam in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome after failed standard treatment. (PubMed, Epilepsy Behav) - "Approximately, 31% of children responded to nitrazepam. Early initiation of treatment with nitrazepam may be beneficial for children with IESS, particularly those with a known etiology, after failure of standard treatments."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy

HgutMgene-Miner: In silico genome mining tool for deciphering the drug-metabolizing potential of human gut microbiome. (PubMed, Comput Biol Med) - "Notably, Eggerthella lenta's cgr2 involved in Digoxin inactivation was identified in very distant Holdemania genera, likewise Clostridium leptum's nitroreductase, involved in Nitrazepam metabolism, was found in Fusobacterium. These findings highlight the extensive and diverse distribution of XMEs across microbial taxa."

Journal • Gastrointestinal Disorder

Agitated Depression Associated With Flurazepam Discontinuation. (PubMed, Case Rep Psychiatry) - "Symptoms did not resolve with the use of alternative benzodiazepines such as nitrazepam and temazepam and further worsened with the use of several antidepressants. She finally had a complete resolution of these symptoms with a combination of alprazolam, zopiclone, and olanzapine. This case provides insight into this unique variant of depression and the role of GABA agonists in its pathology and management."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • General Anxiety Disorder • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Psychomotor Agitation

Repeated lyophilization: A neo-method for urine-based reference materials preparation. (PubMed, J Pharm Biomed Anal) - "In this study, morphine, nitrazepam, lorazepam, buprenorphine, zolpidem, midazolam, diazepam, and clozapine commonly used in clinical practice were selected as target analytes, and the preparation process was further optimized to repeated lyophilization, in order to obtain more effective, stable, and accurate urine matrix reference materials (mRMs). Conducting repeated lyophilizations resulted in a denser powder with reduced susceptibility to collapse and improved the quality of lyophilized urine samples. Lyophilized urine mRMs could be stored at room temperature for one month or under refrigeration conditions (4 ℃) for six months."

Journal

Consumption patterns and factors associated with inappropriate prescribing of benzodiazepines in Primary Health Care settings. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "These results provide insights into the prevalence of problematic utilization of benzodiazepines in primary health care. Authorities and health care providers must take steps to encourage gradual cessation of prolonged benzodiazepine prescriptions and the embrace of suitable strategies for addressing anxiety and insomnia within primary health care settings."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Insomnia • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

A novel turn-off green carbon dot-based fluorescent probe for selective determination of nitrazepam in its pharmaceutical dosage form and milk samples. (PubMed, Anal Methods) - "The performance of the sensor was validated according to ICH guidelines and exhibited high precision and accuracy. The proposed method was also successfully extended for determining NZP in tablet dosage form and milk samples."

Journal

Transient Arginine Vasopressin Deficiency Induced by Valproic Acid Intoxication: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus) - "The maximum daily doses for nitrazepam, olanzapine, and valproic acid are 15, 20, and 1200 mg, respectively. This overdose led to reversible arginine vasopressin (AVP) deficiency as a rare but significant complication...This case highlights the potential for reversible AVP deficiency as a rare but significant complication of valproic acid overdose. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for favorable outcomes."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Epilepsy • Hematological Disorders • Hepatology • Mental Retardation • Metabolic Disorders • Psychiatry • Thrombocytopenia

Elucidating the Potential Role of Microorganisms in Postmortem Biotransformation: A Comparison of Clonazolam and its Metabolite in Postmortem and DUID Cases. (PubMed, J Anal Toxicol) - "Previous studies of nitrobenzodiazepines such as nitrazepam, clonazepam, flunitrazepam, and their metabolites have demonstrated that bacterial species native to the gastrointestinal tract and active during postmortem (PM) decomposition are capable of affecting positivity and compound-to-metabolite ratios. Due to the everchanging landscape of the DBZD market, in vitro studies of PM microbial biotransformation of clonazolam are unavailable. The data reported herein provide valuable information in the absence of such studies and represent an alternative method of investigating this phenomenon as a potential cause of parent nitrobenzodiazepine to metabolite conversion."

Journal • Gastrointestinal Disorder

Site specific binding pattern of benzodiazepines with GABAA receptor and related impact on their activities in the human body: An in silico method based study. (PubMed, Heliyon) - "It is commonly seen that Bromazepam, Clonazepam, and, Alprazolam are prescribed for the treatment of anxiety disorders, panic disorders, and phobias. On the other hand, Midazolam, Temazepam, Flurazepam, and Nitrazepam are indicated for the treatment of insomnia and Lorazepam is considered as a drug having anticonvulsant effects...This reveal will help design new molecules with the highest beneficial effect and lowest toxicity in the body. The in silico method provides the initial level of understanding regarding the binding patterns, performing in vitro and in vivo experiments will be more specific to claim the benefits of newly designed drugs."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Insomnia • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

A Historical Overview of the Role of Benzodiazepines including Clonazepam in the Treatment of Adult Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep. (PubMed, Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)) - "We found 17 articles on the use of clonazepam in RLS, PLMS, or both, 3 on triazolam and PLMS, 1 on alprazolam and RLS, 1 on temazepam and PLMS, and 1 on nitrazepam and PLMS. For clonazepam dosages of 0.5 mg-2.0 mg/day are most frequently employed. Benzodiazepines exert their therapeutic effect through GABA-ergic mechanisms."

Journal • Review • Cardiovascular • Movement Disorders • Restless Legs Syndrome • Sleep Disorder

Streamlining regular liquid chromatography with MALDI-TOF MS and NMR spectroscopy using automatic full-contact splitless spotting interface and flash-tap fractioning collection. (PubMed, Anal Chim Acta) - "The ASC device employed real-time heating, in-line matrix mixing, and full-contact spotting to facilitate the samples spotting onto the MALDI target plate, thereby enhancing detection sensitivity in low-concentration and complex samples. The AFC device utilized the novel flash-tapping method to achieve rapid fractionation and high recovery rate. These devices were assembled using commercially available components, making them affordable (400 USD) for most laboratories while still meeting the required performance for advanced commercialized systems."

Journal

Elucidation of Degradation Behavior of Nitrazepam, a Benzodiazepine Drug, under Basic Conditions: Study on Degradability of Drugs in Stomach (IV). (PubMed, Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo)) - "The results revealed that NZP was immediately degraded under basic conditions with 2-amino-5-nitrobenzophenone being an intermediate which further degraded to provide 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzophenone as the final degradation product. These results are expected to be useful in clinical chemistry and forensic science, such as the detection of drugs during postmortem examination and suspected addiction."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

A Scoping Review to Assess Risk of Fracture Associated with Anxiolytic Medications. (PubMed, Kans J Med) - "Yet, some studies showed that at low doses, nitrazepam lowered fracture risk. Other anxiolytic medications, such as zolpidem and beta blockers, also showed a decrease in fracture risk. Ultimately, this scoping review helped to illuminate the inconsistency of anxiolytic fracture risk assessment while simultaneously illustrating the necessary steps to guide future research."

Journal • Review • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Orthopedics

Long-term use of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related drugs, a register-based danish cohort study on determinants and risk of dose escalation (ECNP 2023) - "Results We followed 950,767 incident users of benzodiazepines for a mean of 8 years: 45% redeemed only one prescription, whereas 15% were defined as long-term users with the highest percentage for Z-drugs (18%) and nitrazepam (19%)...After seven years, 3% were persistent users and among those who had three years of continuous use, we found no indication of dose escalation. This suggests that there is a low risk of developing a sustained high consumption of benzodiazepines in a country with restrictive regulation but we can not exclude that former benzodiazepine users have shifted to new alternative drugs."

CNS Disorders • Insomnia • Mental Retardation • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Insights from molecular dynamics and DFT calculations into the interaction of 1,4-benzodiazepines with 2-hydroxypropyl-βCD in a theoretical study. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "We find that the 2HPβCD's atoms become more rigid in the presence of chlordiazepoxide (CDP), clonazepam (CLZ), and diazepam (DZM), whereas they become more flexible in the presence of nordazepam (NDM) and nitrazepam (NZP). We also analyzed the contribution of different interaction energies in binding between the carrier and the drugs and found that Van der Waals energy is the primary component. Our results indicate that the number of hydrogen bonds between 2HPβCD/water slightly decreases in the presence of BZDs, but the hydrogen bond's quality remains constant."

Journal

Intralipid as Matrix Additive for Evaluating Hyperlipidemic Postmortem Blood. (PubMed, J Anal Toxicol) - "Both Intralipid and pooled postmortem lipids showed marked effects on the analytical results. Intralipid gave a good indication of the effects of lipemia and could be a useful tool for making meaningful evaluation of hyperlipidemic postmortem samples during method development and validation."

Journal • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

LC-Q-TOF/MS-based Fragmentation Behavior Study and In vitro Metabolites Identification of Nine Benzodiazepines. (PubMed, Curr Drug Metab) - "These experimental data add to our knowledge of the nine benzodiazepine drugs and their metabolism study, which could provide useful information and evidence of their in vivo metabolic profile prediction and help promote their monitoring in both clinical use and social/illegal abuse."

Journal • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Psychosocial treatments for nightmares in adults and children: a systematic review. (PubMed, BMC Psychiatry) - "The results suggest that treatments for nightmares are most effective when they facilitate a sense of control or mastery by directly targeting the nightmare content and/or the client's emotional responses to the nightmare content."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Post-traumatic Stress Disorder • Psychiatry

Nitrazepam and 7-aminonitrazepam studied at the macroscopic and microscopic electrified liquid-liquid interface. (PubMed, Mikrochim Acta) - "Parameters such as limit of detection and voltammetric detection sensitivity are derived from the experimental data. Developed methodology was used to detect nitrazepam in pharmaceutical formulation and both drugs (nitrazepam and 7-aminonitrazepam) in spiked biological fluids (urine and blood)."

Journal

Genotype-phenotype correlations of STXBP1 pathogenic variants and the treatment choices for STXBP1-related disorders in China. (PubMed, BMC Med Genomics) - "Our case-series showed that there is no genotype-phenotype correlation in patients with STXBP1-related disorders. This study adds 7 novel variants which expand the spectrum of STXBP1-related disorders. Combinations of levetiracetam and/or sodium valproate and/or ACTH and/or phenobarbital and/or vigabatrin and/or topiramate and/or nitrazepam were more often associated with seizure freedom in our cohort within 2 years of life."

Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Epilepsy • Mental Retardation • XBP1

A pharmacovigilance approach for assessing the occurrence of suicide-related events induced by antiepileptic drugs using the Japanese adverse drug event report database. (PubMed, Front Psychiatry) - "Of 22 AEDs, 12 (perampanel hydrate, nitrazepam, levetiracetam, clonazepam, clobazam, sodium valproate, phenobarbital, lamotrigine, lacosamide, gabapentin, zonisamide, and carbamazepine) showed signals of SREs. The pharmacovigilance approach revealed that several AEDs displayed suicidality signals. Female patients, those in their 20 and 30 s, undergoing combination therapy with ≥2 AEDs, and patients early (<100 days from the initial treatment) in the course of AED therapy should be cautioned about SREs."

Adverse events • Journal

Comparative study of post-mortem concentrations of benzodiazepines and z-hypnotics in several different matrices. (PubMed, J Anal Toxicol) - "We were able to detect clonazepam, 7-aminoclonazepam, flunitrazepam, 7-aminoflunitrazepam, nitrazepam, 7-aminonitrazepam, diazepam, nordiazepam, oxazepam, alprazolam, midazolam, zopiclone and zolpidem in all the analysed matrices. This study shows that cardiac blood, psoas and lateral vastus muscle samples and pericardial fluid can give comparable concentrations to peripheral blood for benzodiazepines and z-hypnotics, while vitreous humour was less suitable. The concentrations in alternative matrices must, however, be interpreted carefully."

Journal

"Nitrazepam" (@jupiteer1000)

Trends in hypnotic drug use in depression 2007 – 2017: a Swedish population-based study (ECNP 2022) - "Patients with a previous history of psychosis, mania, bipolar disorder or dementia/organic brain disorder, or prescriptions of antipsychotics or mood stabilizers within 5 years were excluded.Patients were followed regarding prescription fills of all drugs labelled for insomnia in Sweden: Z-drugs (zaleplon, zolpidem, zopiclone), benzodiazepines (flunitrazepam, nitrazepam), the phentiazaine derivate propiomazine, and melatonin. Hypnotic use is more common among women and among patients with severe depression, suicidal behaviour and somatic comorbidities. The use of melatonin has increased markedly, whereas the use of z-drugs and benzodiazepines has decreased."

Clinical • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Alzheimer's Disease • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Dementia • Depression • Insomnia • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder

Quetiapine Add-On Therapy May Improve Persistent Sleep Disturbances in Patients with PTSD on Stabile Combined SSRI and Benzodiazepine Combination: A One-Group Pretest-Posttest Study. (PubMed, Psychiatr Danub) - "Quetiapine prescribed in the evening may be successful therapy for persistent sleep disturbances in patients with PTSD and generally good response to an SSRI and benzodiazepine combination, who previously failed to respond to some of the usual hypnotic medication or addition of first-generation antipsychotics: zolpidem, flurazepam, nitrazepam, promazine, and levopromazine."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Post-traumatic Stress Disorder • Psychiatry • Sleep Disorder