moxidectin / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

New Insights Into Pathogenesis, Diagnostics, and Therapeutic Options for Canine Angiostrongylosis. (PubMed, J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)) - "Although angiostrongylosis in dogs can be fatal, and death may be sudden, the prognosis is highly variable and is related to the severity of clinical signs at presentation. Rapid identification and management of the disease with administration of an appropriate treatment can lead to complete clinical resolution."

Journal • Review • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease

Comparing compressed 2-dose and 3-dose melarsomine protocols in the era of adjunctive therapy: a randomized clinical trial of 168 dogs with heartworm disease. (PubMed, J Am Vet Med Assoc) - "A compressed 2-dose melarsomine protocol, with doxycycline, moxidectin, and prednisone, was safe and effective. Compared with 3-dose protocols, the 2-dose melarsomine protocol reduces the cost, resources, and time required to treat heartworm disease."

Clinical • Journal • Cough • Respiratory Diseases

Declining Onchocerca volvulus transmission despite limited ivermectin delivery in the Kakoi-Koda focus, Ituri, Democratic Republic of the Congo: An epidemiological, entomological and landscape evidence synthesis. (PubMed, PLoS Negl Trop Dis) - "Parasitological, serological, entomological and geospatial evidence consistently indicates substantial declines in O. volvulus infection indicators across Kakoi-Koda, compatible with reduced transmission. Residual positive indicators were spatially circumscribed, including in Logo where no routine ivermectin was delivered. Whether the current simuliid species can sustain transmission above elimination thresholds remains uncertain. Standardised, representative surveys in the Muda/Kuda and Lebu River basins are warranted to guide decisions on starting and stopping ivermectin delivery."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Halogenation of neolignan scaffolds reveals stage-specific anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus. (PubMed, Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist) - "A monobrominated ether analogue exhibited maximal motility inhibition approaching that observed for moxidectin under the assay conditions, highlighting the potential of this scaffold for optimisation. These findings demonstrate that halogenated neolignans represent a tractable chemical class for anthelmintic discovery and reveal stage-specific vulnerabilities in H. contortus. This work provides a foundation for further optimisation and prioritisation of neolignan derivatives for downstream studies of mechanism of action and translational potential."

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Residue depletion and withdrawal time estimation of moxidectin and triclabendazole in cattle following pour-on administration. (PubMed, Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Ri) - "Based on the corresponding maximum residue limits, the withdrawal intervals were estimated to be at least 121 days for MOX and at least 53 days for keto-TCB. These findings provide residue depletion data to support withdrawal period evaluation and food safety assessment of this formulation in cattle."

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A retrospective comparison of two-dose and three-dose melarsomine, with doxycycline and a macrocyclic lactone, in 1246 shelter dogs. (PubMed, Parasit Vectors) - "The findings suggest that two-dose melarsomine, with ML/doxy, is a potential alternative to three-dose melarsomine for class 1 and 2 heartworm disease. Moxidectin may be the preferred ML in the two-dose protocol."

Clinical • Journal • Retrospective data

Recent advances in Strongyloides screening, diagnostics, therapeutics, and management. (PubMed, Curr Opin Infect Dis) - "Serologic and molecular tools are improving screening and diagnosis, and moxidectin and emodepside may broaden treatment options, but data in severe disease and special populations remain limited. Priorities include harmonized screening algorithms and prospective studies in high-risk groups."

Journal

Modelling the impact of mass drug administration with ivermectin or moxidectin on human onchocerciasis when there is sub-optimal response of parasites to treatment. (PubMed, Res Sq) - "However, when using mass drug administration with moxidectin (MDAm), elimination becomes possible with fewer rounds of MDA even if there are worms that suboptimally respond to moxidectin. Our results support concerns raised in the research community that SOR to ivermectin in O. volvulus could result in persistent transmission despite high-coverage, biannual MDAi, but that MDAm could pose a solution, should safety and efficacy trials support its distribution."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Three-year evaluation of anthelmintic treatment efficacy against equine strongyles in France using FECRT. (PubMed, Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist) - "The aim of this study was to evaluate, over a three-year period, the efficacy of the anthelmintic (AH) molecules available in France (fenbendazole, pyrantel, ivermectin and moxidectin) against strongyles in equids using faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRTs)...In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence in France of resistance to all four available AH molecules and documents the spread of these resistances across the facilities. It also highlights the urgent need for regulatory changes requiring the use of AH only after a diagnostic assessment (e.g., targeted selective treatment based on faecal egg count results) in order to reduce the selective pressure exerted on parasite populations."

Journal

Pharmacokinetics, Absolute Bioavailability, and Nonlinear Topical Absorption of a Fluralaner-Moxidectin Spot-On Formulation in Cats. (PubMed, Vet Sci) - "No adverse reactions were observed. These findings demonstrate nonlinear topical absorption, and prolonged systemic persistence, supporting further dose optimization and formulation development of this long-acting feline antiparasitic delivery system."

Journal • PK/PD data

Efficacy of a single oral administration of a formulation of fluralaner, moxidectin and pyrantel (BRAVECTO® TriUNO) in dogs for the treatment and prevention of angiostrongylosis. (PubMed, Parasit Vectors) - "A single treatment with Bravecto TriUNO is highly effective in preventing angiostrongylosis and eliminating established A. vasorum infections. Infection-related lung pathology was reduced in treated dogs."

Journal • Infectious Disease

A combination of artemisinin, moxidectin, and doxorubicin drugs can selectively and efficiently induce apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic and chronic myeloid leukemia cells in vitro and ex vivo. (PubMed, Med Oncol) - "The first step determines the lowest EC50 for each drug (e.g., artemisinin, chloroquine, primaquine, mefloquine, ivermectin, moxidectin, doxorubicin, and minocycline) by analyzing four cell endpoints (e.g., cell cycle, sub-G1, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), autophagy (lysosomes), and cleaved caspase 3 (CC3)) on K562 cells. The combined drugs were innocuous to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) (S phase = 40%; G2/M = 26%; ΔΨm = 4%; lysosomes = 3%; CC3 = 4%; n = 3). Our approach to combining drugs has the potential to provide a new pharmacological treatment for leukemias."

Journal • Preclinical • Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia • Chronic Myeloid Leukemia • Hematological Malignancies • Infectious Disease • Leukemia • Oncology • CASP3

Simple and efficient HPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous extraction and quantification of anthelmintics in equine manure. (PubMed, MethodsX) - "Calibration curves were linear between 1 ng/mL and approximately 1.5 µg/mL for all four components. The lower limits of detection (LLODs) were 0.1 ng/mL for ivermectin, 0.2 ng/mL for moxidectin, 1.0 ng/mL for fenbendazole due to carryover, and 0.3 ng/mL for pyrantel, which formed two peaks.•Novel method for simultaneous extraction of anthelmintics from horse manure.•Method allows efficient and reliable detection of the mainly used anthelmintics in horses.•Basis for the extension of the method to other applications, including the analysis of anthelmintics in soil samples."

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Synergistic action of piperonyl butoxide with macrocyclic lactones in Rhipicephalus microplus. (PubMed, Exp Appl Acarol) - "This study evaluated the effect of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) as a synergist in modulating resistance to ivermectin, eprinomectin, and moxidectin in five tick populations from the semi-arid area of Northeast Brazil...These results indicate a pharmacological interaction between PBO and macrocyclic lactones, consistent with a partial contribution of oxidative detoxification to the resistance phenotype. However, the absence of synergism in some populations and the persistence of high resistance levels suggest that additional mechanisms are also involved."

Journal

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MACROCYCLIC LACTONE AND BENZIMIDAZOLE RESISTANCE IN THE DOG HOOKWORM ANCYLOSTOMA CANINUM. (PubMed, J Parasitol) - "Separately, 3 rounds of combination treatment of a triple-resistant isolate with moxidectin (ML) and pyrantel (tetrahydropyrimidine) led to a substantial increase in the frequency of the β-tubulin F167Y mutant allele, despite the absence of BZ selection pressure...This surprising observation raises concerns about the appearance, persistence, and spread of resistance alleles in populations not exposed to drugs. These results have critical implications for resistance management strategies and highlight the urgent need for surveillance tools capable of detecting early cross-resistance in hookworm populations."

Journal • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Arthritis • Lupus

The Development and validation of an RP-HPLC-FD method for the multi-residue analysis of antiparasitic macrocycliclactones in cattle edible tissues. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "A method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of five macrocyclic lactones (ivermectin, abamectin, doramectin, moxidectin, and eprinomectin) in edible tissues (meat, liver, kidney, and fat) of cattle using a modified QuEChERS extraction procedure...Unlike other methods in the literature, this technique uses a very small sample amount (1 g) and solvent volume (3 ml). While these findings indicate that the developed method can be applied to detect macrocyclic lactone residues in edible tissues of cattle, potential matrix effects should be carefully evaluated, especially in matrices with high lipid content, such as adipose tissue (fat), given the target compounds high lipophilicity."

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Emergence of Parafilaria bovicola in Switzerland, including intraocular localization and report in an alpaca (Vicugna pacos). (PubMed, Vet Parasitol) - "The cattle with bleeding spots and the alpaca were treated with a single dose of ivermectin 0.2 mg/kg or doramectin 0.33 mg/kg s.c. The intraocular worms were surgically removed; the cows received moxidectin pour-on (0.5 mg/kg) 1-2 weeks prior to surgery and were treated with flunixin and tetracycline after surgery...All three typical clinical cases occurred between April-June, whereas the three intraocular P. bovicola cases were detected between September and October. This is the first report of a P. bovicola infection in an alpaca worldwide."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Evaluation of the speed-of-kill of Simparica Trio® against Ixodes ricinus in dogs. (PubMed, Ticks Tick Borne Dis) - "A single treatment with Simparica Trio at the minimum approved dose (1.24 mg/kg sarolaner, 0.024 mg/kg moxidectin, 5 mg/kg pyrantel) is efficacious against I. ricinus within 24 hours after treatment and subsequent re-infestations for 36 days."

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Survey of management practices related to parasite control from ranched North American bison (Bison bison) in the southern United States. (PubMed, Vet Parasitol) - "Macrocyclic lactones (ivermectin: 65.7%, moxidectin: 29.9%) and benzimidazoles (fenbendazole: 50.8%, albendazole: 28.4%) were widely used, frequently in rotation or combination; 28.1% (18/64) administered multiple dewormers simultaneously. Although 64% (46/72) and 65% (47/72) reported moderate-to-high concern (≥3/5), about internal nematodes and AR, respectively, routine diagnostics (fecal egg counts, fecal egg count reduction tests, targeted selective treatment) were rarely employed. These findings reveal that intensive whole-herd deworming, minimal diagnostics, and limited refugia are common within the US bison industry, likely increasing selection pressure for AR and underscoring the need for bison-specific, evidence-based, diagnostic-driven parasite control guidelines and education."

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Combined high-quality metagenomics reveals off-target effects of albendazole, ivermectin-albendazole and moxidectin-albendazole on the human gut bacteria. (PubMed, NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes) - "These findings confirm that ivermectin can exert antibacterial off-target effects in the human gut beyond those previously observed in vitro. Given its central role in parasite control, its broader microbiome effects warrant careful evaluation in future treatment strategies."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Development and Validation of LC-MS/MS Methods for Quantification of Fluralaner and Moxidectin in Cat Plasma and Its Application in a Pharmacokinetic Study. (PubMed, Animals (Basel)) - "The test and reference formulations exhibit similar pharmacokinetic profiles in cats. These results provide critical pharmacokinetic data supporting the bioequivalence and therapeutic potential of the new generic formulation, thereby facilitating its further development and regulatory evaluation."

Journal • PK/PD data

American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists Hookworm Task Force review on best practices for diagnosis and treatment of multidrug-resistant hookworms. (PubMed, J Am Vet Med Assoc) - "In the past few years, multiple anthelmintic drug resistance to fenbendazole, moxidectin, and pyrantel pamoate has been documented in A caninum in the US, and cases of drug-resistant canine hookworms are increasingly being reported in the US and Canada...In response to this concern, the American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists established a Hookworm Task Force in 2021, and this paper is a result of the work of that task force. Here we provide guidance on best practices for diagnosis, treatment, and management of drug-resistant hookworm cases and summarize relevant studies to help veterinarians understand what is known about the biology, prevalence, and epidemiology of these parasites."

Journal • Hematological Disorders • Infectious Disease

Efficacy and safety of a sustained-release formulation of ivermectin (FILAPREV®) in preventing heartworm infection (Dirofilaria immitis) in dogs in two endemic areas of Italy. (PubMed, Parasit Vectors) - "A single subcutaneous administration of FILAPREV®, an implant containing ivermectin at the recommended dosage, prevents heartworm disease caused by D. immitis in dogs for at least 8 months, covering the full seasonal period of heartworm transmission in hyperendemic regions."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Challenges of onchocerciasis elimination in the Democratic Republic of Congo. (PubMed, Int J Infect Dis) - "Achieving elimination in the DRC will require completion of nationwide elimination mapping, strengthened epidemiological and entomological surveillance, improved governance, and financing mechanisms, and tailored strategies for Loa loa co-endemic and conflict-affected settings. Recent WHO guidance on elimination mapping and evolving strategies such as test-and-not-treat and moxidectin may help accelerate progress."

Journal • Infectious Disease

Comparative efficacy of six monthly doses of Simparica Trio® (sarolaner, moxidectin, and pyrantel chewable tablets) versus NexGard® Plus (afoxolaner, moxidectin, and pyrantel chewable tablets) against a macrocyclic lactone-resistant Dirofilaria immitis isolate in dogs. (PubMed, Parasit Vectors) - "Six consecutive administrations of the higher label dosage of moxidectin delivered by Simparica Trio (24-48 µg/kg) protected more dogs from infection with the ML-resistant D. immitis isolate ZoeLA than the lower label dosage of moxidectin provided by NexGard Plus (12 - 24 µg/kg)."

Journal • Infectious Disease