glatiramer acetate / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Intestinal Spirochetosis Masquerading as Irritable Bowel Syndrome in an Immunomodulated Patient With Multiple Sclerosis (ACG 2026) - "Case Description/ A 34-year-old man with multiple sclerosis treated with glatiramer acetate presented with longstanding intermittent diarrhea alternating with constipation and vague abdominal discomfort relieved by bowel movements...In this case, chronic gastrointestinal symptoms and complete resolution following antimicrobial therapy supported a pathogenic role. Figure: Left) High power Hematoxylin Eosin stain histological specimen showing spirochetes lining the epithelium; Right) Warthin Starry staining showing black/dark colored spirochetes."

Clinical • Immunomodulating • CNS Disorders • Constipation • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Multiple Sclerosis

Engineering human myelin microphysiological systems for testing patient treatment response in multiple sclerosis. (PubMed, bioRxiv) - "Integration of imaging and flow-cytometric features distinguished healthy-donor, untreated-MS, responder, and nonresponder profiles following treatment with prednisone, glatiramer acetate, interferon β-1a, or dimethyl fumarate. Thus, the myelin MPS platform provides a scalable, human pathophysiology-relevant platform for functional phenotyping and individualized treatment-response evaluation in MS."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Immunology • Inflammation • Multiple Sclerosis • Solid Tumor • IFNB1

TREAT-MS: Traditional Versus Early Aggressive Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis Trial (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=900 | Completed | Sponsor: Johns Hopkins University | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Nicolau syndrome (embolia cutis medicamentosa) after subcutaneous injection of Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) (EADV 2026) - No abstract available

Predictors of high- versus low-intensity first-line multiple sclerosis treatments. (PubMed, Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin) - "The first DMT filled was classified as either high- (natalizumab, alemtuzumab, ocrelizumab, rituximab, ofatumumab, cladribine) or low-intensity (interferon, glatiramer acetate, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate, diroximel fumarate, fingolimod, ponesimod, siponimod, ozanimod)...The minority of MS patients initiated high-intensity treatment although this proportion increased over time, and later years were predictive of high-intensity treatment. Providers had a significant role in the approach selected."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Disease-modifying therapy uptake in a pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis population, British Columbia, Canada. (PubMed, J Neuroimmunol) - "Moderate-efficacy therapies were the more common initial DMT dispensed for individuals with POMS, but more than two-thirds eventually received a high-efficacy therapy. Only a minority of POMS cases were first dispensed a DMT under age 18 years."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Pediatrics

Knowledge graph-guided multiple sclerosis identification and therapeutic trend analysis: Real-world evidence from two large healthcare systems. (PubMed, PLOS Digit Health) - "Among commonly used standard-effectiveness DMTs, MS-specific prescriptions declined after 2011 for interferon-beta (DMT-MS cosine similarity slope = -0.019 ± 0.011, p = 0.002) and glatiramer acetate (slope = -0.013 ± 0.012, p = 0.026), from 2013-2020 for fumarates (slope = -0.028 ± 0.015, p = 0.004), and after 2014 for S1P receptor modulators (slope = -0.026 ± 0.016, p = 0.005). Among commonly used higher-effectiveness DMTs, B-cell depletion therapies (slope = 0.051 ± 0.027, p = 0.001), particularly ocrelizumab (slope = 0.020 ± 0.016, p =0.032), showed a marked increase since 2018. Natalizumab usage peaked in 2011 (slopepre-2011 = 0.063 ± 0.013, ppre-2011 < 0.001; slopepost-2011= -0.027 ± 0.008, ppost-2011 < 0.001). Other DMT classes such as cell proliferation inhibitors and chemotherapy agents, showed low usage during follow-up. These findings provide real-world evidence from two large EHR-based MS cohorts, highlighting..."

HEOR • Journal • Real-world evidence • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Antigliotic guiding regenerative gel: a bioactive hydrogel platform for peripheral nerve and spinal cord repair. (PubMed, Front Surg) - "We organize the review around the scientific problem: the biological barriers that passive scaffolds cannot address; the design rationale for a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based neurogel bearing a biomimetic laminin-derived peptide (LDP-916), an antioxidant, and an antigliotic immunomodulator; the formulation evolution from the original Guiding Regenerative Gel (GRG; HA + LDP-916 + recombinant superoxide dismutase 1, SOD1) to the current Antigliotic Guiding Regenerative Gel (AGRG; HA + LDP-916 + DL-α-tocopherol + glatiramer acetate); and the preclinical evidence base...Regulatory-enabling studies are being pursued by Maxonis Ltd. in preparation for an FDA pre-IND interaction."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Orthopedics • SOD1

Recommendations of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Section of the Polish Neurological Society and the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians for family planning and pregnancy management in women with multiple sclerosis: an update. (PubMed, Neurol Neurochir Pol) - "Family planning counselling should become part of routine MS care. Multidisciplinary approach is needed and should be encouraged with providing guidelines and educational resources to both, healthcare professionals and patients."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Immunology • Inflammation • Multiple Sclerosis • Obstetrics

Natalizumab and Tyruko (natalizumab biosimilar) for treating highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis after at least one disease-modifying therapy: a systematic review and economic model. (PubMed, Health Technol Assess) - "Fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, interferon beta-1a, interferon beta-1b and peginterferon beta-1a were associated with an increased treatment discontinuation (29 studies, 13 interventions)...Data in highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis were available for fingolimod, ocrelizumab, alemtuzumab, cladribine, interferon beta, autologous haematopoietic stem cell treatment and placebo...60. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information."

Clinical • Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Multiple Sclerosis

Gap-controlled multi-core terahertz waveguides for integration. (PubMed, Opt Express) - "Experimental validation using 3D-printed cyclic olefin copolymer 1 × 3 fibers demonstrates precise control from -3 dB power splitting to inter-core isolation exceeding -35 dB-sufficient for high-order QAM formats. Rectangular core geometry enables polarization multiplexing, effectively doubling channel capacity, while near-field scanning provides what is believed to be the first spatially resolved visualization of evanescent coupling dynamics. The monolithic design improves integration density by 280% compared to discrete fiber bundles, establishing a scalable framework for high-density terahertz photonic systems."

Journal

Bridging the Pregnancy Knowledge Gap: A Real-World Analysis of Medication Use and Drug-Drug Interaction Risk in Crohn's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis. (PubMed, Clin Transl Sci) - "Among these patients, 67% (n = 694) were prescribed a monoclonal antibody (e.g., adalimumab, ustekinumab). In the MS cohort, 27% (n = 300) of individuals used a DMT during pregnancy, of which the predominant medication used was glatiramer acetate, a well-established immunomodulator...Other potential DDI pathways were not assessed. These RWD analyses confirm that pregnant individuals are often exposed to complex medication regimens, highlighting the need to understand drug use and disposition in this vulnerable population."

Journal • Real-world evidence • CNS Disorders • Crohn's disease • Gastroenterology • Immunology • Inflammatory Bowel Disease • Multiple Sclerosis • CYP3A4

Mitochondrial bioenergetic remodeling underlies fingolimod-induced immunometabolic adaptation in multiple sclerosis. (PubMed, Biomed Pharmacother) - "We evaluated mitochondrial bioenergetics and metabolic reprogramming in lymphocytes from healthy controls incubated with FTY720 and from MS patients treated with fingolimod, compared with healthy controls and patients receiving interferon-beta or glatiramer acetate. FTY720-treatment in control lymphocytes was associated to lower expression of ETC complex proteins and of those involved in mitochondrial dynamics, and increased ROS and PFKFB3 levels under basal and stimulated conditions. These findings suggest that mitochondrial metabolism of lymphocytes is a potential component of fingolimod activity, promoting an altered bioenergetic state."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • PFKFB3

What is the evidence on immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis? - A Cochrane Review summary with commentary. (PubMed, NeuroRehabilitation) - "High-certainty evidence suggests that natalizumab largely reduces relapses at 12 (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.63) and 24 months (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.65), and cladribine (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.64) and alemtuzumab (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.68) largely reduce relapses at 24 months. People taking fingolimod, teriflunomide, glatiramer acetate, interferon beta-1a, laquinimod, natalizumab and daclizumab are more likely to discontinue the drug because of unwanted effects. Lack of data for treatment effects beyond two years and poor reporting of adverse events in short-term trials limit the applicability of these findings."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Reported Characteristics of Anaphylaxis Associated With Glatiramer Acetate: A Pharmacovigilance Analysis of the FDA and Canadian Databases. (PubMed, Pharmacol Res Perspect) - "Three PTs were rated as moderate priority in the CVAR database but weak priority in FAERS. This large-scale pharmacovigilance analysis of the FDA and Canadian databases characterizes the safety signals derived from GA-associated reports of anaphylaxis, providing a hypothesis-generating foundation for future pharmacovigilance validation."

Adverse events • Journal

Exploring Multiple Sclerosis In Alberta's Diverse Ethnic Populations (CNSF 2026) - "Diverse pwMS were treated with the following DMTs: anti-CD20 therapies (53), dimethyl fumarate (16), glatiramer acetate (9), fingolimod (5), interferon beta-1a (4), natalizumab (1), and cladribine (1). Diverse pwMS are significantly younger at MS onset compared to White pwMS in Alberta. Most diverse pwMS are treated with anti-CD20 therapies."

Clinical • CNS Disorders

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Disease-Modifying Therapies in Pediatric Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Network Meta-Analysis (EAN 2026) - "Available treatments include interferon beta-1a, glatiramer acetate (GA), fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate (DMF), and teriflunomide, but comprehensive comparisons of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) remain limited...Rituximab produced the largest ARR reduction (-1.12), followed by GA (-1.02) and natalizumab (−1.01), while ocrelizumab, DMF, and fingolimod also showed significant ARR reductions; interferon beta and teriflunomide were non-significant... Rituximab was the most effective therapy for reducing relapse rates in pediatric and young MS patients, with additional MRI, relapse-free, and disability benefits observed across agents and variable safety profiles."

Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Pediatrics • Rare Diseases

Use of multiple sclerosis drugs among pregnant individuals with live-birth deliveries in the FDA's Sentinel Distributed Database. (PubMed, BMC Pregnancy Childbirth) - "In our analysis, exposure to DMT was low and varied across the pregnancy period. Use among pregnant patients was highest in the six months prior to pregnancy start and remained lower than pre-pregnancy levels after delivery."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

DESIRE MS: A Prospective Randomized Non-inferiority Trial Comparing Anti-CD20 Maintenance Versus De-Escalation Strategy In Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=250 | Recruiting | Sponsor: University Hospital, Montpellier | Not yet recruiting ➔ Recruiting | Trial completion date: Sep 2030 ➔ Jun 2031 | Initiation date: Sep 2025 ➔ Jun 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2030 ➔ Jun 2031

Enrollment open • Head-to-Head • Trial completion date • Trial initiation date • Trial primary completion date • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Neutropenia

Experimental Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis: Epstein-Barr Virus and Potential EBV-Related Therapeutic Strategies-A Systematic Review. (PubMed, J Clin Med) - "Monoclonal antibody-based therapies, particularly anti-CD20 agents and natalizumab, appear to affect the EBV-B-cell-immune axis through distinct but complementary mechanisms. Other interventions, including interferons, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and vitamin D supplementation, may also modulate EBV-specific cellular or humoral responses, although the magnitude and durability of these effects vary... The therapeutic efficacy of DMTs in MS may extend beyond nonspecific immunomodulation and involve partial disruption of EBV-driven immune persistence. Further controlled studies are required to validate EBV-related biomarkers and determine whether direct EBV-targeted therapies can provide sustained clinical benefit."

Journal • Review • Bone Marrow Transplantation • CNS Disorders • Epstein-Barr Virus Infections • Immunology • Multiple Sclerosis • Transplantation

A Study to Learn More About The Safety of Diroximel Fumarate (VUMERITY®) in Participants Who Took it During Pregnancy And About the Health of Their Babies (clinicaltrials.gov) - P=N/A | N=1178 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: Biogen | Recruiting ➔ Active, not recruiting

Enrollment closed • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis and Network Meta-Analysis of Comorbidities, Disease Modifying Therapies, and Adverse Outcomes In Persons with Multiple Sclerosis (CMSC 2026) - "We categorized DMTs into placebo, low (interferons, glatiramer acetate, teriflunomide), moderate (dimethyl fumarate, fingolimod) and high (alemtuzumab, cladribine tablets, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab) and included subnodes for DMT mechanism of action... In PwMS, comorbidity burden was associated with early DMT discontinuation. Comorbidity burden also affected which DMT class ranked most favorably for discontinuation and infection. This study’s robust synthesis highlights higher-efficacy DMTs' greater potential for infection in PwMS with more comorbidities, and higher adherence in those with few comorbidities, which may guide treatment decisions in PwMS when comorbidities introduce uncertainty in selection."

Adverse events • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Real-World Study of Ocrelizumab and Other Disease-Modifying Therapy Utilization and Disease Activity from Preconception through Postpartum in Women With MS (CMSC 2026) - "Among WwMS with preconception DMT use, lower-efficacy DMTs (LE-DMTs) (interferons, glatiramer acetate; 28%) and ocrelizumab (OCR; 26%) were the most common, followed by fumarates (15%), natalizumab (12%), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) modulators (10%), other anti-CD20s (ofatumumab, ublituximab, off-label rituximab; 5%), other DMTs (teriflunomide, alemtuzumab, cladribine; 4%). Almost half of WwMS remained untreated from preconception through postpartum. OCR was the most frequently used DMT postpartum, with limited administrations during pregnancy. This trend may reflect growing confidence in OCR safety and efficacy, with recent evidence supporting use during pregnancy planning, while allowing for an administration-free pregnancy."

Clinical • Real-world • Real-world evidence • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Indirect Treatment Comparison of Brain Volume Loss with Tolebrutinib Versus Other Therapies In Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: A Network Meta-Analysis (CMSC 2026) - "For tolebrutinib, ublituximab, and cladribine, percent change in BVL from 6 months to end of study (EOS) was extracted, while change from baseline to EOS was used for all other comparators...Relative to other approved DMTs in RMS, tolebrutinib showed numerically lower change in BVL across most comparisons, except with ponesimod 20 mg and alemtuzumab 12 mg, where trends favored the comparator. Tolebrutinib 60 mg was associated with less BVL versus placebo, peginterferon 125 µg Q2W and glatiramer acetate 40 mg TIW and showed numerically favorable BVL outcomes compared with most established RMS therapies, suggesting a potential beneficial effect on BVL."

Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Glatiramer acetate: when immunomodulation is not enough (EAACI 2026) - "In 2025 the FDA has required a new boxed warning in the label of the subcutaneously injected immunomodulatory drug glatiramer acetate about a risk of anaphylaxis. Patients receving glatiramer acetate should be counseled about the risk of anaphylaxis and cautioned that symptoms of anaphylaxis can overlap with those of more typical injection-related reactions which typically occur within minutes after injection and are generally self-limited."

Immunomodulating • Late-breaking abstract • Immunology • Multiple Sclerosis