glatiramer acetate / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

BH25 Alopecia in a patient undergoing multiple treatments for multiple sclerosis: a rare presentation and case review. (PubMed, Br J Dermatol) - "She was initiated on glatiramer acetate (GA) in 2019...Following this, monthly infusions of natalizumab (eight doses) were administered in 2024...Most recently, she was prescribed cladribine, which caused scalp irritation, including burning and itching a week after each course...Br J Dermatol 2023; 188 (Suppl. 4): ljad113.167]."

Journal • Review • Alopecia • Anorexia • Bulimia • CNS Disorders • Endocrine Disorders • Hematological Disorders • Immunology • Multiple Sclerosis

Selected aspects of epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Poland: a multicenter pilot study. (PubMed, Neurol Neurochir Pol) - "This study highlights substantial progress in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of MS in Poland over the past 15 years. The widespread implementation of MRI and CSF analysis, alongside significantly improved access to DMTs, has contributed to notably better clinical outcomes. These improvements are reflected in reduced relapse rates, slower disability progression, and a decreased prevalence of secondary progressive MS."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Sex differences in multiple sclerosis treatment with disease modifying drugs: a step towards gender neurology. (PubMed, Mult Scler Relat Disord) - "Our results show limited differences in response to DMTs between men and women for the drugs we took into account. Interpretation of these findings is challenging due to limited evidence available about this topic and to sexual dysmorphism involving many aspects of the disease. Small sample size, preventing the analysis of other DMTs (especially high-efficacy ones) and disease courses, is the main limit of this study. Further evidence will be needed in the future."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Pulmonary Disease

Recent Advances in Interventions Targeting Remyelination and a Systematic Review of Remyelinating Effects of Approved Disease-Modifying Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis. (PubMed, Eur J Neurol) - "Future proof-of-concept clinical trials investigating remyelinating agents in MS should consider combining outcome measures into composite endpoints. Furthermore, research efforts should be dedicated to novel biomarkers to assess repair mechanisms in MS."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Solid Tumor

Knowledge Graph-Guided Identification of Multiple Sclerosis and Therapeutic Trend Analysis: Real-World Evidence from Two Large Healthcare Systems. (PubMed, medRxiv) - "Among commonly used standard-effectiveness DMTs, prescriptions for interferon-beta (slope=-0.018±0.011, p<0.001) and glatiramer acetate (slope=-0.013±0.012, p=0.026) and fumarates (slope=-0.031±0.010, p<0.001) declined after 2013...Among commonly used higher-effectiveness DMTs, B-cell depletion therapies (slope=0.051±0.027, p<0.001), particularly ocrelizumab (slope=0.020±0.016, p<0.001), showed a marked increase since 2017. Natalizumab usage peaked in 2012 (slope pre-2012 =0.063±0.012, p pre-2012 <0.001; slope post-2012 =-0.027±0.008, p post-2012 <0.001)...Real-world evidence from two large EHR-based MS cohorts highlights distinct temporal shifts in the MS therapeutic landscape toward higher-effectiveness DMTs, particularly B-cell depletion therapy. Accurate identification of patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) from real-world clinical data is essential for tracking longitudinal prescription patterns at..."

HEOR • Journal • Real-world evidence • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Disease-Modifying Treatment Options in Very Early Onset Multiple Sclerosis-What Choices Are There for Onset Under 5 Years of Age? A Systematic Review. (PubMed, J Clin Med) - "Among those treated, acute steroid therapy was administered; 11 received the DMTs interferon, Glatiramer acetate, Dimethyl fumarate, and Azathioprine (three), with only two high-efficacy therapies (Natalizumab and Rituximab). Our patient had partial remission under interferon, relapses when stopped and replaced by immunoglobulin and 9 years relapse-free interval when Natalizumab was introduced. Early treatment with high-efficiency DMTs should be considered in very early POMS; association with known increased neuroplasticity at this age may improve prognosis, allowing good recovery of acquired disability."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Multiple Sclerosis • Ocular Inflammation • Ophthalmology • Optic Neuritis • Pediatrics

MIGRA-MS: A case series on chronic migraine and multiple sclerosis (EHF-EHC 2025) - "Prior treatments included interferons and glatiramer acetate; current therapies consisted of ocrelizumab, natalizumab, alemtuzumab, teriflunomide, or dimethyl fumarate...All received a median of three classic preventives (amitriptyline in all cases) and onabotulinumtoxinA (PREEMPT, 155 IU) with only one responder; two patients received an extended dose (195 IU) without benefit and later CGRP monoclonal antibodies (galcanezumab, erenumab, eptinezumab) with no response, and atogepant with only transient or partial benefit...In this case series of relapsing–remitting MS with chronic resistant migraine, response to onabotulinumtoxinA and anti-CGRP therapies was limited, with no drug interactions or adverse effects observed. An individualized approach and further studies are needed to assess emerging treatments in this subgroup."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Migraine • Multiple Sclerosis • Pain

Enhancing antibiotic effectiveness using the repurposed multiple sclerosis drug, glatiramer acetate, to compromise membrane integrity of CF-relevant pathogenic bacteria (BTS WM 2025) - "We compared these profiles to the antimicrobial peptide LL-37, and antibiotics TOB and colistin. Microbiol Spectr. 2022; 10 (4):e0081322."

CNS Disorders • Cystic Fibrosis • Genetic Disorders • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Multiple Sclerosis • Respiratory Diseases

Star-Shaped Glatiramer Acetate Mitigates Pulmonary Dysfunction and Brain Neuroinflammation in a Murine Model of Cryptococcus-Associated IRIS. (PubMed, Biomedicines) - " Collectively, our findings suggest that sGA exerts neuroprotection in C-IRIS by limiting peripheral CD4+ T cell effector activity and suppressing CNS-resident immune activation. This study supports the use of sGA as a promising preclinical therapeutic candidate for C-IRIS and other Th1-mediated neuroinflammatory conditions."

Journal • Preclinical • Inflammation • Pneumonia • Pulmonary Disease • Respiratory Diseases • CD4

STHENOS: Open Label Randomized Multicenter to Assess Efficacy & Tolerability of Ofatumumab 20mg vs. First Line DMT in RMS (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=185 | Completed | Sponsor: Novartis Pharmaceuticals | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed | Trial completion date: Feb 2026 ➔ Nov 2025

Trial completion • Trial completion date • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

LemKids: A Study to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Alemtuzumab in Pediatric Patients With RRMS With Disease Activity on Prior DMT (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=16 | Terminated | Sponsor: Genzyme, a Sanofi Company | Active, not recruiting ➔ Terminated; Enrolment formally closed earlier than planned due to recruitment challenges.

Trial termination • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Pediatrics

Comparison of methods for assessing the severity of multiple sclerosis based on a sample of patients from the Moscow region (PubMed, Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova) - "The MS severity scores assessed using the MSSS and ARMSS were not identical, and the therapeutic effect of MSDMD treatment was considered differently. The sex-specific differences in the rate of MS progression should be considered in clinical and research studies."

Clinical • Journal • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Clinical and Economic Impact of Early Treatment in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis With High-Efficacy Disease-Modifying Therapy in Mexico (ISPOR-EU 2025) - "OBJECTIVES: To estimate the clinical and economic impact of early use of high efficacy disease modifying therapies (DMTs) for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), by comparing four treatment strategies currently used in Mexico: (1) no DMT (symptomatic treatment), (2) moderate efficacy DMTs (interferons, glatiramer acetate, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate), (3) escalation (starting with moderate efficacy DMTs and switching to high efficacy DMTs after five years: cladribine, fingolimod, alemtuzumab, ocrelizumab, natalizumab, ofatumumab), and (4) early initiation with high efficacy DMTs. A cost consequence analysis was conducted using a Markov model with four health states: mild disability (EDSS <4), moderate disability (EDSS 4, 5.5), severe disability (EDSS ≥6), and death... Early initiation with high-efficacy DMTs represents the most favorable strategy in terms of clinical outcomes and costs, maximizing life years gained and significantly improving..."

Clinical • HEOR • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis pathophysiology: a comprehensive review of genetic, environmental, and immunological drivers. (PubMed, Inflammopharmacology) - "Therapeutically, modern disease-modifying therapies (interferon-β, glatiramer acetate, oral S1P modulators, fumarates, teriflunomide, cladribine, natalizumab, anti-CD20 monoclonals including ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, and ublituximab) reduce relapse rates and MRI activity yet do not consistently prevent disability progression-particularly in non-active progressive MS. Acute relapses are treated with high-dose corticosteroids; plasma exchange is reserved for steroid-refractory attacks. These realities motivate mechanism-informed strategies that pair sustained immune control with CNS-intrinsic neuroprotection and remyelination."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Epstein-Barr Virus Infections • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Multiple Sclerosis • HLA-DRB1 • IFNB1

Nicolau Syndrome: A Rare Complication of Subcutaneous Immunotherapy (ACAAI 2025) - "While Nicolau syndrome is most associated with intramuscular injections, it has been reported, following subcutaneous injections of pegylated interferon-gamma and glatiramer acetate...The pathogenesis remains unclear but is thought to involve vascular injury from needle trauma combined with embolization or vasospasm induced by the injected material. Early recognition is critical to initiate appropriate management, such as surgical consultation, to reduce morbidity."

Cardiovascular • Dermatology • Immunology • IFNG

Tolerance of non-TNF α treatments in patient with an inflammatory rheumatic (IRD) and autoimmune demyelinating diseases: French retrospective cases series (ACR Convergence 2025) - "The use of non-anti-TNF targeted therapies (anti-IL17, anti-IL6R, CTLA-4Ig, Jaki, anti-IL23, anti-CD20, PDE4 inhibitor, and anti-IL-12 and IL-23) in patients with RIC does not appear to worsen demyelinating disease."

Retrospective data • Ankylosing Spondylitis • Immunology • Inflammatory Arthritis • Psoriatic Arthritis • Rheumatoid Arthritis • Rheumatology • Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies • Spondylarthritis • IL12A • IL17A • IL23A

A Review of the Impact of Platform Therapies (DMTs) on Associated Clinical Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis. (PubMed, J Multidiscip Healthc) - "This narrative review consolidates the current evidence of the role of platform DMTs (Glatiramer Acetate (GA), Interferon (IFN), Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF), Teriflunomide (TER)) on the associated symptoms of MS and their efficacy in prevention of relapse, and disease progression...This review offers insights and proposes a hypothesis for conducting a large-scale study to explore the impact of platform therapies on MS symptoms that affect quality of life. It may also aid clinicians in making evidence-based therapeutic decisions for the effective management of PwMS."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Depression • Fatigue • Movement Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • Pain • Psychiatry

The Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) Model: A Gateway to Successful Translation of Multiple Sclerosis Therapies. (PubMed, Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol) - "The review evaluates the role of EAE in identifying immune pathways, validating therapeutic agents like glatiramer acetate and natalizumab, and exploring precision medicine approaches through biomarker discovery. Addressing these limitations remains crucial for therapeutic development, focusing on analyzing model limitations and strategies to overcome translational barriers. This review offers immunologists a comprehensive overview of EAE's contributions of EAE to MS research and its potential to inform the development of novel therapeutic approaches for this debilitating disease."

Biomarker • Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Immunology • Inflammation • Multiple Sclerosis

A narrative review on the safety of glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis: focus on Europe. (PubMed, Ther Adv Chronic Dis) - "In summary, GA remains a safe and well-established therapy for MS patients, including those in special populations. Its favorable safety profile, compatibility with vaccination, and reassuring outcomes solidify its role in MS treatment."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Hepatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Lipodystrophy • Liver Failure • Multiple Sclerosis • Rare Diseases

Anaphylaxis and glatiramer acetate. (PubMed, Mult Scler) - "As these reactions have implications for prescribing decisions and patient management, the FDA issued a labeling change notification to update the WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS section and add a BOXED WARNING to the United States prescribing information for GA. A Drug Safety Communication was also issued to inform the public about this update."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis

Characterizing post-COVID-19 syndrome in multiple sclerosis: Vaccine status, infection burden, and therapy categories as predictors. (PubMed, Mult Scler Relat Disord) - "PCS prevalence in this MS cohort was lower than in the general population, but category I DMTs and repeated infections were key risk factors. Findings suggest the need for individualized risk assessment, indicating that higher efficacy DMTs do not appear to pose an increased risk of PCS in pwMS."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Fatigue • Infectious Disease • Multiple Sclerosis • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pain • Respiratory Diseases

Modulation of Paraoxonase 1 Activity and Asymmetric Dimethylarginine by Immunomodulatory Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Significant differences in enzyme activity were observed between untreated and interferon-treated patients (PON p = 0.0055, ARE p = 0.0001), with trends toward differences in ARE under natalizumab and fingolimod. ADMA levels were lower in MS patients than controls (p < 0.0001) and differed among treatment subgroups (natalizumab, dimethyl fumarate, glatiramer acetate, untreated RRMS)...Long-term therapy was associated with increased PON1 activity, while highly effective immunomodulators reduced ADMA levels. These changes may contribute to the treatment-related reduction in disease activity and attenuation of neurodegenerative processes in MS."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Metabolic Disorders • Multiple Sclerosis • PON1

Multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive review of pathophysiology and combined natural-synthetic therapeutic strategies. (PubMed, 3 Biotech) - "Synthetic medications like glatiramer acetate, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators, and interferons have demonstrated clinical success in treating MS. The review discusses the pathogenesis of MS and the potential benefits of synthetic medications and phytocompounds in treating the disease. It highlights phytocompounds' role in inflammation reduction and myelin repair, suggesting the integration of natural and synthetic methods could improve patient outcomes."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Inflammation • Multiple Sclerosis

THE PROCESS OF PREGNANCIES DEVELOPING UNDER DISEASE-MODIFYING TREATMENTS IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (WCN 2025) - "In the study, MS patients who were exposed to any of the following drugs during pregnancy: İnterferons, glatiramer acetate, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate, fingolimod, natalizumab, ocrelizumab or cladribine were selected, and various demographic and clinical data were collected. The age range of 58 patients with age data is 22-62, the average age is 35.87 and the standard deviation is 6.69... Pregnancy is a process that complicates the treatment management of MS patients, filled with uncertainties, and requires decisions to be made in conjunction with the patient and closely monitored from the perspective of maternal and child health. It was observed that the use of DMT during pregnancy in MS patients is generally safe, but different outcomes were identified in terms of treatment types and infant health."

CNS Disorders

NATALIZUMAB USE IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND SINGLE-CENTER CLINICAL EXPERIENCE (WCN 2025) - "Among prior therapies, interferon was the most commonly used, followed by fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, and glatiramer acetate... The clinical and demographic characteristics of our MS patients receiving natalizumab therapy provide valuable insights into the efficacy and safety of the treatment process. These findings contribute to the assessment of natalizumab as an effective treatment option in MS management and aid in the better understanding of treatment approaches for this patient group."

Clinical • CNS Disorders