orphenadrine hydrochloride / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Occurrence and potential ecological risks of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs (PhIDs) in the Santos-São Vicente Estuarine System (SSVES), Brazil. (PubMed, Mar Pollut Bull) - "The results revealed the widespread presence of caffeine (MEC = 72.1 ng·L-1) > losartan (29.6 ng·L-1) > orphenadrine (25.9 ng·L-1) > benzoylecgonine (18.6 ng/L-1) > carbamazepine (7.4 ng·L-1) and cocaine (3.6 ng·L-1). Considering the One Health approach, further studies are recommended to investigate the potential human health risks associated with consuming contaminated seafood. Concomitantly, there is an urgent need for improvements in public sanitation, public health care for illicit drug users, and public safety actions against traffic."

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Seasonal monitoring, ecological risk assessment, and prioritization of pharmaceuticals in a tropical semi-enclosed bay (Santos, São Paulo coast, Brazil). (PubMed, Mar Environ Res) - "Four water sampling campaigns were carried out throughout the four seasons of the year. The results showed that: (i) ten PhACs (namely, caffeine/CAF (87.20-567.23 ng/L); carbamazepine/CAR [below the limit of quantification ( ACE > DIC and CAR to algae, crustaceans, and fishes; (iv) Finally, regarding the OPBT ranking, the DIC was the highest-priority PhAC in Santos Bay, followed by: ORP > LOS > CIT > CAR > FUR > ATE > CAF > ACE > ENA."

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Management of Muscle Cramps in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials. (PubMed, Aliment Pharmacol Ther) - "Methocarbamol, orphenadrine, and taurine supplementation were found in placebo-controlled RCTs to be effective in reducing cramp frequency, severity, and duration in cirrhotic patients. All other interventions reported aside from electro-acupuncture demonstrated a positive impact on cramps. High-quality RCTs are needed to further investigate the use of these treatments in terms of comparative efficacy and safety."

Journal • Review • Fibrosis • Hepatology • Immunology • Liver Cirrhosis

Prevalence and comparative analysis of potential drug-drug interactions among hospitalized patients at a tertiary care cardiac institute in Pakistan: Findings from a single centre. (PubMed, Pak J Pharm Sci) - "Class C interactions were the most frequent (62.1%), followed by Classes B, D and X. Additionally, the study identified unique pDDIs from Lexicomp, including Ipratropium-Orphenadrine and Furosemide-Levosulpiride, not listed in Micromedex. The findings highlight the high prevalence of pDDIs in this population, emphasizing the need for regular monitoring. Using pDDI screening tools, clinical pharmacists can be crucial in mitigating these risks, particularly in high-risk patients."

Clinical • Journal • Observational data • Cardiovascular

Temporal variability and ecological risks of pharmaceuticals and cocaine during the Christmas and New Year holidays in a beach area of North Coast of São Paulo, Brazil. (PubMed, Mar Environ Res) - "Samples were collected during Christmas and the New Year (period of December 2023-January 2024), in addition to a previous baseline weekend, to compare the loads during "celebratory parties" versus "normal operational conditions." The findings indicated that the "mass gathering" during Christmas and New Year holidays contributed significantly to an increase of the mass load of the nine pharmaceuticals flowing along to the Juquehy River, i.e., caffeine (14.40-633.00 ng/L) > losartan ( furosemide ( diclofenac (0.61-4.55 ng/L) > carbamazepine ( orphenadrine ( benzoylecgonine (0.33-7.23 ng/L) > cocaine (0.12-6.59 ng/L) showed higher concentrations during the Christmas day...The threat to the aquatic biota is significant, with caffeine and losartan presenting a moderate level of risk. Moreover, the mixture ecological risk assessment of nine compounds indicates acute..."

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Management of muscle cramps in patients with cirrhosis: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (AGW-GESA 2024) - "Human albumin, pregabalin, and quinidine reduced cramp frequency compared to placebo. Baclofen, BCAAs, methocarbamol, orphenadrine, pickle juice, and taurine are all recommended treatments, with evidence for their efficacy and safety. The other agents cannot be recommended for use based on current available evidence. Further work is needed to validate the use of these treatments in different populations and investigate comparative safety and efficacy as well as therapeutic strategy."

Clinical • Review • Fibrosis • Hepatology • Immunology • Liver Cirrhosis

Many human pharmaceuticals are weak inhibitors of the cytochrome P450 system in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver S9 fractions. (PubMed, Front Toxicol) - "The inhibitory impacts (IC50) of atomoxetine, atorvastatin, azelastine, bimatoprost, clomethiazole, clozapine, desloratadine, disulfiram, esomeprazole, felbinac, flecainide, orphenadrine, prazosin, quetiapine, sulpiride, and zolmitriptan toward the EROD and BFCOD activities in RT-S9 were determined using the IC50 shift assay, capable of identifying time-dependent inhibitors (TDI). The IC50 concentrations are however many orders of magnitude higher than average environmental concentrations of pharmaceuticals. The time-dependent EROD inhibition by esomeprazole could warrant further research to evaluate its possible interlinkages with hepatotoxic impacts on fish."

Journal • Hepatology • CYP1A1

Analyzing water hyacinth plants from two South African rivers for the detection of seven pharmaceuticals and their metabolites. (PubMed, Electrophoresis) - "Thereby, a number of drugs, including amitriptyline, atenolol, citalopram, orphenadrine, lidocaine, telmisartan, and tramadol, could be detected. Particularly for the latter substance, relatively high concentrations (more than 5000 ng g-1 dry plant material) were detected in the water plants. Subsequently, the plant extracts were also screened for drug-derived transformation products, whereby a series of phase-one metabolites could be tentatively identified."

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Utilizing experimental design and desirability function in optimizing RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of some skeletal muscle relaxants and analgesics. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "An experimental design and response surface methodologies using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs were applied for selecting and optimizing the most appropriate parameters which significantly affect the separation and quantitative estimation of five skeletal muscle relaxants and four analgesic drugs (baclofen, methocarbamol, dantrolene sodium, orphenadrine citrate, cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride, ketoprofen, etoricoxib, ibuprofen, and mefenamic acid) with a relatively short duration of analysis in a single run. The optimized method was successfully subjected to the validation steps as described in ICH guidelines for linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, and sensitivity. The optimized and validated method was effectively applied to determine the content of the studied drugs in their pharmaceutical preparations and to expand its applicability to the counterfeit estimation of etoricoxib in different brands of tablet dosage forms."

Journal • Pain

Tizanidine: Advances in Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Drug Formulations. (PubMed, J Pain Res) - "From the perspective of drug safety, tizanidine has lower incidences of adverse events (injury, delirium, encephalopathy, falls, and opioid overdose) compared to baclofen, no association with risk of Alzheimer's disease as with orphenadrine, no risk of serotonin syndrome like metaxalone when comedicated with serotonergic drugs, no significant pharmacokinetic changes in CYP2C19 poor metabolizers unlike diazepam and carisoprodol, and no physically addictive or abuse properties like carisoprodol and diazepam. Tizanidine is an SMR with unique features and may be an optimal initial choice for older adults. There would be more scientific studies, wider therapeutic applications, and new drug formulations in the future."

Journal • Review • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Musculoskeletal Diseases • Musculoskeletal Pain • Neuralgia • Oncology • Pain • CYP2C19

Clinical outcomes associated with orphenadrine deliberate self-poisoning: a retrospective poisons centre study. (PubMed, Clin Toxicol (Phila)) - "Orphenadrine doses up to 10 g were associated with antimuscarinic toxicity and sedation, but not severe cardiotoxicity. More research exploring the effect of dose and formulation on outcomes is required."

Clinical data • Journal • Retrospective data • Anesthesia • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Hypotension • Respiratory Diseases

Modulating the Activity of the Human Organic Cation Transporter 2 Emerges as a Potential Strategy to Mitigate Unwanted Toxicities Associated with Cisplatin Chemotherapy. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "This study investigated the interaction between the already approved cationic drugs disopyramide, imipramine, and orphenadrine with hOCT2 that is stably expressed in human embryonic kidney cells. In conclusion, certain interventions targeting hOCT2 have demonstrated the ability to reduce CDDP cytotoxicity, at least in vitro. Further investigations in in vivo systems are warranted to ascertain their potential applicability as co-treatments for mitigating undesired toxicities associated with CDDP in patients."

Journal • Oncology • LCK

Uptake, translocation, and metabolization of amitriptyline, lidocaine, orphenadrine, and tramadol by cress and pea. (PubMed, Environ Sci Pollut Res Int) - "Time-resolved uptake studies, with sampling after 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 days, revealed that all four pharmaceuticals were taken up by the roots and further relocated to plant stem and leaves. Also in these studies, the corresponding phase I metabolites could be detected, and their translocation from root to stem (pea only) and finally leaves could be investigated."

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Orphenadrine in treatment of muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients: a randomized study: Erratum. (PubMed, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol) - No abstract available

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Pharmaceutical residues in stranded dolphins in the Bay of Biscay. (PubMed, Sci Total Environ) - "Very low concentrations (<1 ng/g) of orphenadrine and pizotifen were found in liver and promethazine in blubber. Herein, the gap in the knowledge regarding the study organisms and marine environments with respect to pharmaceutical pollution, which demands further research to understand if pharmaceuticals are a threat for these apex predators, is highlighted and discussed."

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Exploitation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/Cu(ii)-metal organic framework based glassy carbon electrode for the determination of orphenadrine citrate. (PubMed, RSC Adv) - "MWCNTs/Cu-MOF composite based sensor showed superior performance over other sensors regarding lower limit of detection (LOD), wider linearity range and faster response. The sensors demonstrated their potential as effective options for the analysis of orphenadrine citrate in quality control laboratories and in different healthcare activities."

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The use of a fixed combination of diclofenac and orphenadrine for postoperative pain relief in orthopedic patients (PubMed, Khirurgiia (Mosk)) - "1. The use of a fixed combination of orphenadrine 30 mg + diclofenac 75 mg as part of postoperative pain relief after operations of primary hip prosthetics improves the quality of postoperative pain relief according to the subjective assessment of patients. 2. The use of a fixed combination of orphenadrine 30 mg + diclofenac 75 mg did not lead to the development of side effects and complications."

Journal • Anesthesia • Dermatology • Musculoskeletal Pain • Orthopedics • Pain • Pruritus

THE HIDDEN PHARMACOLOGICAL ENTITY OF ORPHENADRINE WITHDRAWAL: A CASE OF WORSENING DYSKINESIA IN N-METHYL D-ASPARTATE RECEPTOR (NMDAR) AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALITIS (CHEST 2023) - "She was treated with IVIG, high-dose corticosteroids, plasmapheresis, and rituximab...Multiple medications, including gabapentin, baclofen, Carbamazepine, Clonidine, Tramadol, Clonazepam, and Orphenadrine, were used to manage dyskinesia... Ours is the first report on Orphenadrine withdrawal-induced worsening dyskinesia in NMDAR AbE. Although muscle relaxants have been utilized for movement disorders, their use in dyskinesia associated with anti-NMDAR encephalitis has not been well-described. Furthermore, no specific recommendation exists to prevent the withdrawal from Orphenadrine."

Clinical • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Gynecology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Movement Disorders • Oncology • Ovarian Cancer • Pain • Psychiatry

Spectrofluorometric determination of orphenadrine, dimenhydrinate, and cinnarizine using direct and synchronous techniques with greenness assessment. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "An analysis of the statistical data revealed a high agreement between the proposed data and the comparison methodology. Three different assessment methods demonstrated the greenness of the technique."

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Cutaneous adverse reactions related to medications used for movement disorders (WCD 2023) - "In hypokinetic movement disorders, we discussed Dopaminergics, Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitors, Monoamine Oxidase Type B (MAO-B) Inhibitors, Anticholinergics, Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase, Amantadine, and Deep Brain Stimulation as main groups of treatment modalities, and assessed their related cutaneous adverse reactions. Also, we reviewed cutaneous complications of the hyperkinetic disorders drug groups, including Antipsychotics, Antiepileptics, Mood regulators, Botulinum toxins, Clonidine, Guanfacine, Cyclobenzaprine, Baclofen, Orphenadrine, Chelators, Beta-blockers, and Anti-Dementia medications. There are various types of cutaneous adverse events reported with movement disorders medications. All physicians, especially neurologists, should be considered these complications, especially severe adverse events such as angioedema, SJS, and TEN"

ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Alzheimer's Disease • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Movement Disorders

Network-based drug repurposing for potential stroke therapy. (PubMed, Comput Struct Biotechnol J) - "Six drugs, including cinnarizine, orphenadrine, phenelzine, ketotifen, diclofenac and omeprazole, have exhibited good activity on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) induced BV2 cells. Experimental results revealed that they both played anti-stroke effects in the OGD/R induced BV2 cells via inhibiting the expressions of IL-6 and COX-2. In summary, this study provides efficient network-based methodologies for in silico identification of drug candidates toward stroke."

Journal • Cardiovascular • Inflammation • IL6

Efficacy of an Opioid-Sparing Perioperative Multimodal Analgesia Protocol on Posterior Lumbar Fusion in a Hispanic Population: A Randomized Controlled Trial. (PubMed, J Am Acad Orthop Surg) - P4 | "Implementing an MMA protocol in Hispanic patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion resulted in decreased overall opioid use and decreased pain intensity compared with the opioid-based group. MMA is an effective alternative for pain control in patients who want to avoid opioid use."

Journal • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Depression • Orthopedics • Pain • Psychiatry

Introducing Water and Deep Eutectic Solvents in Organosodium Chemistry: Chemoselective Nucleophilic Functionalizations in Air. (PubMed, Angew Chem Int Ed Engl) - "Additional benefits include a very short reaction time (20 s), a wide substrate scope, and good to excellent yields (up to 98%) of the desired adducts. The practicality of the proposed protocol was demonstrated by setting up a sodium-mediated multigram-scale synthesis of the anticholinergic drug orphenadrine."

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Investigations of the Interaction Mechanism Between Orphenadrine Hydrochloride and Bovine Serum Albumin by Spectroscopic and Voltammetric Techniques. (PubMed, J Fluoresc) - "The interaction of orphenadrine hydrochloride (ORD) with the model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), was investigated using a variety of spectroscopic techniques such as steady-state fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared, 3-D spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods under physiological conditions. A displacement study using site probes such as warfarin, ibuprofen, and digitoxin confirmed ORD binding at Sudlow's site I of BSA. The effect of common metal ions such as Cu, Ni, Ca, Co, and Zn on binding constant values was investigated and reported."

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The use of a fixed combination of diclofenac and orphenadrine in the treatment of acute pain syndrome in patients with discogenic lumbosacral radiculopathy and lumboischialgia (PubMed, Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova) - "Data on the efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of diclofenac and orphenadrine (Neodolpasse) use in the treatment of vertebrogenic pain syndromes based on the NEODOLEX study results are presented, and the authors' own clinical observations are given. Possible reasons for the high efficacy of Neodolpasse in patients with discogenic radiculopathies and nonspecific back and neck pain are discussed."

Journal • Back Pain • Musculoskeletal Pain • Pain