perphenazine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Nationwide health claims analysis of phenothiazine-associated retinopathy risk in chlorpromazine and perphenazine users. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "In multivariable models, perphenazine use (vs. chlorpromazine), older age, female sex, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were all significant predictors of the outcomes (all P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that both drugs carry a modest risk of retinal toxicity-particularly perphenazine-and support the need for proactive ophthalmic screening in this population."

HEOR • Journal • Retrospective data • Cardiovascular • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Hypertension • Inherited Retinal Dystrophy • Macular Degeneration • Metabolic Disorders • Ophthalmology • Retinal Disorders • Retinitis Pigmentosa

Recommendations of Enhanced Recovery Interventions for Patient's Clinical Team and Collection of Associated Data (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=2977 | Completed | Sponsor: Jennifer Holder-Murray | Recruiting ➔ Completed | Trial completion date: Dec 2025 ➔ Mar 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Dec 2025 ➔ Mar 2025

Trial completion • Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date

Efficacy and Tolerability of Seven Antipsychotic Drugs in Acutely Ill Patients With Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Multicenter, Assessor-Blinded Trial. (PubMed, Am J Psychiatry) - "Eligible inpatients 18-45 years of age with schizophrenia experiencing acute exacerbation were recruited and randomized to 6 weeks of monotherapy with one of seven antipsychotic drugs: olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, aripiprazole, ziprasidone, perphenazine, and haloperidol. This trial fills important knowledge gaps in acute antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia. It confirms hierarchies in efficacy and side effects of antipsychotics from related evidence."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Psychotropic and neurodegenerative drugs modulate platelet activity via the PAF pathway. (PubMed, Neurochem Int) - "Results revealed that most of the compounds assessed inhibited more effectively the PAF-induced aggregation of platelets compared to their effect on the ADP-pathway, with perphenazine showing the greatest anti-PAF potency. Several drug combinations, notably those including alprazolam and diclofenac, demonstrated significant synergistic effects. These findings suggest that commonly prescribed psychotropic drugs and medications for neurodegenerative disorders can influence platelet activity, mostly through the PAF-pathway, and that their interactions with NSAIDs may amplify their efficacy. Nevertheless, some drugs and their combinations induced lysis of platelets at much higher concentrations than their IC50 values, which stems safety concerns for their use."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Clinical effectiveness and safety in psychosis with comorbid pulmonary thromboembolism treated with long-acting injectable Aripiprazole every two months (ECNP 2025) - "A recent meta-analysis concluded that both first- and second-generation antipsychotics significantly increase the risk of VTE and pulmonary embolism (PE), with olanzapine, clozapine, haloperidol, perphenazine, and risperidone showing the highest association [1]...The patient also accepted anticoagulant therapy with dabigatran 150 mg...Conclusions Antipsychotics, particularly olanzapine, may raise the risk of serious thromboembolic events even in young patients without clear risk factors. Aripiprazole, both oral and LAI, is a safe, effective alternative in patients with VTE history, enabling ongoing antipsychotic treatment without compromising vascular safety."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Phenothiazine Derivatives and Their Impact on the Apoptosis Processes: A Review. (PubMed, J Appl Toxicol) - "Chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, levomepromazine, mepazine, perphenazine, promazine, promethazine, thioridazine, trifluoperazine, and trifluoperazine analog (3dc) more often induce apoptosis in cancer cell lines, human hepatocytes, and lymphocytes, and the final effect depends on the type and concentration of drug used, the type of cell line, and the methodology used. The obtained results allow for a better understanding of the biological action of phenothiazine derivatives and will help reposition this group of drugs to cancer treatment, resulting in faster, safer, easier, and cheaper therapy."

Journal • Review • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Mood Disorders • Oncology • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Considerations for Augmenting Aripiprazole Long-Acting Injectables with Other Antipsychotics: A Mini-Review. (PubMed, Diseases) - "Current literature on Ki values indicates that fluphenazine, pimozide, thiothixene, trifluoperazine, and perphenazine bind more strongly to dopamine D2 receptors than aripiprazole...Additionally, the muscarinic effects of aripiprazole suggest the possibility of augmentation with clozapine or xanomeline-trospium, albeit the peer-reviewed literature on this was also limited. Overall, it is difficult to draw conclusions regarding best clinical practices for these scenarios, as the existing literature is contradictory. Nonetheless, the application of the dopamine and muscarinic pathway theories for schizophrenia opens venues for future research and consideration."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • DRD2

Evaluation of D3 Receptor Occupancy Using FLUORTRIOPRIDE ([18F]FTP) PET/CT (clinicaltrials.gov) - P1/2 | N=30 | Active, not recruiting | Sponsor: University of Pennsylvania | Trial completion date: Jun 2025 ➔ Jun 2026 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2025 ➔ Jun 2026

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date

Sexual dysfunctions related to use of antipsychotics: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. (PubMed, PLoS One) - "The antipsychotic medications of interest are amisulpride, aripiprazole, asenapine, brexpiprazole, cariprazine, chlorpromazine, clopenthixol, clozapine, droperidol, flupenthixol, fluphenazine, haloperidol, iloperidone, levomepromazine, loxapine, lurasidone, molindone, olanzapine, paliperidone, penfluridol, perphenazine, perazine, pimozide, prochlorperazine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, sulpiride, thiothixene, thioridazine, trifluoperazine, ziprasidone, zuclopenthixol and zotepine. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and RoB 2.0 will be used to assess the risk of bias in studies. We will evaluate the quality of the evidence contributing to network estimates for the primary outcomes using the GRADE framework, and key factors that may affect the observed effects will be analysed for consistency across studies."

Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Sexual Disorders • PRL

Solanidine analysis during therapeutic drug monitoring revealed rare CYP2D6 poor metabolizer genotype: A case report. (PubMed, Br J Clin Pharmacol) - "The patient had a history of side effects during use of the CYP2D6 substrates perphenazine and aripiprazole at standard doses. The report shows the clinical value and feasibility of analysing solanidine and 4-hydroxysolanidine as part of routine therapeutic drug monitoring to identify patients predicted to be CYP2D6 PMs and who should be selected for genotyping, including patients with rare variants not included in standard genotyping panels. Solanidine and 4-hydroxysolanidine semiquantitation can be used as a complementary tool to genotyping and substantially reduce the number-needed-to-genotype for identification of CYP2D6 PMs in clinical practice."

Journal

Toward pharmacologic therapy for glioblastoma: Identifying inhibitors of very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 3 (ACSVL3). (PubMed, bioRxiv) - "These included drugs triflupromazine, phenazopyridine, chlorpromazine, emodin, and perphenazine which are approved for treating other conditions. Although secondary screening will likely exclude many or all of these, our findings support the notion that we have developed a viable method for detecting potential ACSVL3 inhibitors. Further characterization may reveal candidate pharmacologic agents for treatment of GBM and other cancers."

Journal • Brain Cancer • Glioblastoma • Glioma • Oncology • Solid Tumor • ACSL3 • SLC27A2

In-vivo Pharmacokinetic Assessment and In-vitro Characterization of Strategically Optimized Perphenazine-loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Nose-to-brain Targeting. (PubMed, Recent Pat Nanotechnol) - "These results suggested the superiority of NLCs in enhancing the bioavailability of PPZ drug and their suitability for successful brain targeting, which could be subject to a patent application to protect the novel formulation."

Journal • PK/PD data • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Recommendations of Enhanced Recovery Interventions for Patient's Clinical Team and Collection of Associated Data (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=2500 | Recruiting | Sponsor: Jennifer Holder-Murray | Trial completion date: Jun 2025 ➔ Dec 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Jun 2025 ➔ Dec 2025

Trial completion date • Trial primary completion date

Impact of Early Antipsychotic Prescription Choice on Weight Gain in the First 5 Years of Psychotic Illness: a Retrospective Cohort Study. (PubMed, Neurol Ther) - "Younger women were at elevated risk for weight gain as were people prescribed multiple antipsychotics in the 1st year. Some older antipsychotics associated with as much weight gain as the newer prescribed agents. More than 40% of people did not put on weight."

Journal • Retrospective data • CNS Disorders • Obesity • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Unsupervised Graph Clustering Reveals a Clinical Taxonomy of Antipsychotics (APA 2025) - "Cluster 1 contained Aripiprazole, Brexpiprazole, Cariprazine, Lurasidone, Sertindole, and Ziprasidone, and was characterized by an excellent side-effect profile but also with the lowest efficacy. Cluster 2 contained Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol, Loxapine, Molindone, Perphenazine, and Thiothixene, and showed strong efficacy in positive symptoms, but also had a high-risk for EPS, QTc prolongation and seizures. Cluster 3 contained Clozapine, Iloperidone, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Thioridazine, and Zotepine, and showed strong overall efficacy but carried the highest risk for sedation and metabolic side effects. Cluster 4 contained Amisulpride, Asenapine, Paliperidone, Risperidone, and Sulpride, and showed excellent positive and negative symptom efficacy but carried the highest risk of hyperprolactinemia. Cluster 5 contained Flupentixol, Fluphenazine, Pimozide, and Trifluoperazine and showed the lowest efficacy with a high risk of causing EPS. Conclusion Despite traditional..."

Clinical • Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Hypotension • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Comparative mortality risk of antipsychotics in 41,695 patients with schizophrenia: an 11-year population-based cohort study in Hong Kong. (PubMed, Eur Neuropsychopharmacol) - "Several commonly-used second-generation-antipsychotics (olanzapine (Zyprexa)/quetiapine/risperidone (Risperdal)/aripiprazole/amisulpride) were also associated with reduced mortality-risk relative to perphenazine. Our results highlight that mortality-risk is differentially associated with various antipsychotics and regimens, and indicate the critical role of clozapine and LAI antipsychotics in alleviating excess mortality-risk. Our findings underscore the importance of ensuring early access to clozapine and LAI antipsychotics to optimize psychiatric and physical outcomes in schizophrenia patients."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Recycling of Trans-Golgi SNAREs Promotes Apoplastic Effector Secretion for Effective Host Invasion in Magnaporthe oryzae. (PubMed, Plant Cell Environ) - "Additionally, treatment with perphenazine, a potent dynamin inhibitor, perturbs the fungal developmental similar to MoVPS1 disruption, highlighting the central regulatory role of dynamin in M. oryzae and suggesting the potential efficacy the control and management of the rice blast. Taken together, the study uncovered a specific mechanism by which MoVps1 and the retromer complex co-regulate the positioning of TGN-associated SNARE proteins to effectively promote effector secretion. This study widens our horizon on the mechanism of effector secretion in phytopathogenic fungi and underscores the importance of vesicle transport in fungal pathogenesis."

Journal • DNM3

Specific Quenching of Natural Clusterization-Triggered Emission Probes for Rapid Fluorescent Detection of Antipsychotics. (PubMed, Chemistry) - "Herein, we pioneered bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a natural clusterization-triggered emission (CTE) probe for one-step detection of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) and perphenazine (PPZ). Overall, this research not only develops a novel assay method for CPZ and PPZ, but also broadens the application potential of the CTE effect in natural biomacromolecules. As the first demonstration of natural CTE probes for antipsychotic detection, this work opens new frontiers for sustainable analytical technologies by circumventing synthetic probe complexities and leveraging inherent biorecognition."

Journal • CNS Disorders

Sequential Multiple-Assignment Randomized Trials to Compare Antipsychotic Treatments(SMART-CAT) (clinicaltrials.gov) - P3 | N=762 | Completed | Sponsor: Shanghai Mental Health Center | Unknown status ➔ Completed | Phase classification: P4 ➔ P3 | N=1260 ➔ 762

Enrollment change • Phase classification • Trial completion • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Operation Sahel: translocation and reintroduction of West African giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis peralta) in Niger. (PubMed, J S Afr Vet Assoc) - "The giraffe spent between 24 hours and six weeks in the holding boma, and the former group received a low-dose of water-based perphenazine for tranquillisation and possible anxiolytic effects...Giraffe were hard released into the reserve. No mortalities occurred during the operation and post-translocation; five calf births were recorded by the end of 2023."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease

Cardiovascular comorbidities in Chinese inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. (PubMed, Schizophrenia (Heidelb)) - "Notably, perphenazine (OR = 22.06) and chlorpromazine hydrochloride (OR = 7.09) were strongly linked to comorbid heart failure. Among Chinese patients with SSDs, four distinct CVD comorbidity patterns were identified, with hypertension and heart failure displaying strong specificity. Variations in demographic characteristics and psychotropic medication use provide valuable insights for treatment and management."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Congestive Heart Failure • Heart Failure • Hypertension • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Anti-dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein-6 encephalitis with late-onset gastric cancer: A case report and 2-year follow-up. (PubMed, Medicine (Baltimore)) - "This report illustrates a rare case of EBV meningitis in childhood, resulting in a long-standing, stable course of anti-DPPX encephalitis, and subsequent gastric cancer. This case broadens the atypical presentation spectrum of anti-DPPX encephalitis and emphasizes the need for screening for malignant tumors, including lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and gastric cancer, particularly in patients with latent EBV infection."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Epilepsy • Epstein-Barr Virus Infections • Gastric Cancer • Hematological Malignancies • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Lymphoma • Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma • Oncology • Palliative care • Psychiatry • Solid Tumor

Lurasidone versus typical antipsychotics for schizophrenia. (PubMed, Cochrane Database Syst Rev) - "We are very uncertain about whether lurasidone offers benefits to the mental state, total serious adverse events, or severe adverse events when compared to typical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia. The evidence included in this review is of very low certainty, derived from two small trials. Study limitations (risk of bias) and imprecise results impacted our confidence in the evidence. Furthermore, data on mortality (due to suicide or natural causes) or quality of life are unavailable. Further large-scale randomized studies are needed to provide clearer insights into the benefits and harms of lurasidone compared to typical antipsychotics for treating schizophrenia."

Clinical • Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Identification of serum metabolic traits of AIWG in first-episode schizophrenia patients. (PubMed, BMC Psychiatry) - "Our findings indicate that lipid profile may serve as predictors of rapid weight gain in schizophrenia and provide useful markers for AIWG intervention."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

Amitriptyline-perphenazine therapy for persistent idiopathic facial pain: translational perspectives from a retrospective study. (PubMed, J Anesth Analg Crit Care) - "Despite limitations, the pain scores, the frequency of the attacks, and quality of life were found to be significantly improved after treatment. Although results are not broad based given the small sample size, the combination of amitriptyline and perphenazine may be an effective and well-tolerated treatment in patients with PIFP. It is abundantly clear that dopaminergic pathways play a key role in pain modulation, yet the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood, requiring further investigation."

Journal • Retrospective data • Pain