CoronaVac / Sinovac, Bio Farma Indonesia - LARVOL DELTA

Integrated Humoral and Inflammatory Profiling Characterizes SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Responses in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases (ACR Convergence 2026) - "Participants received a two-dose primary vaccination series with CoronaVac, AZD1222, or BNT162b2, followed by a BNT162b2 booster dose... These findings demonstrate that vaccine-induced immunity in IMID patients is strongly influenced by vaccine platform, degree of immunosuppression, and baseline inflammatory status. While highly immunosuppressed individuals vaccinated with VAC and AZV exhibited impaired functional immunity, BNT-induced responses remained comparatively preserved, supporting the potential advantage of mRNA-based platforms in immunocompromised populations. In addition, these data highlight the importance of integrated immunological approaches to better understand vaccine responsiveness and contribute to the optimization of vaccination strategies for IMID patients."

Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases • CCL11 • CXCL10 • IL12A • IL17A • IL1B • IL7

Morphea Triggered by COVID-19 Vaccination. (PubMed, Sisli Etfal Hastan Tip Bul) - "Initially, conventional inactivated virus vaccines, such as CoronaVac (Sinovac), were introduced, followed by more advanced mRNA-based vaccines, such as BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech)...We report a case of morphea in a 72-year-old woman who developed localized skin lesions at the vaccination site following CoronaVac administration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of morphea potentially triggered by CoronaVac."

Journal • Dermatology • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Scleroderma • Systemic Sclerosis

Pityriasis rubra pilaris manifesting after COVID-19 vaccination. (EADV 2026) - "The most commonly used vaccines are Comirnaty (BioNTech/Pfizer; BNT162b2), Spikevax (Moderna; mRNA-1273), Covishield (AstraZeneca; AZD1222/ChAdOx1), and the inactivated vaccine CoronaVac (Sinovac)...The most common causative agents are antibiotics, as well as certain key preservatives such as formaldehyde, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and sorbic acid...Further studies are needed to verify in detail the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying these conditions. This is necessary for the development of pathogenetically grounded therapeutic strategies and preventive measures regarding dermatological complications of vaccination."

Contact Dermatitis • Dermatitis • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Mood Disorders • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Psoriasis • Respiratory Diseases

Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination schedules against severe COVID-19 in children aged 6 months to 4 years in Brazil: A population-based cohort study (2023-2024). (PubMed, Vaccine) - "In this population-based cohort, completion of the 3-dose BNT162b2 primary series was associated with substantially lower rates of COVID-19-attributed SARI among children aged 6 months to 4 years."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Adverse Events in Following Immunization with Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines (TURKOVAC and CoronaVac) in PCR-Positive Asymptomatic or Mildly Symptomatic Individuals Compared to PCR-Negative Recipients. (PubMed, Vaccines (Basel)) - " While AEFIs were more common among PCR(+) group, they were mild, tolerable, and easily manageable. Our results support the suggestion that routine PCR testing prior to vaccination may not be warranted solely to mitigate concerns about anticipated adverse events."

Adverse events • Journal • Cough • Fatigue • Infectious Disease • Musculoskeletal Pain • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Otorhinolaryngology • Pain • Respiratory Diseases

Differential functional immune recall across homologous and heterologous COVID-19 vaccination regimens. (PubMed, Front Immunol) - "Participants initially received BNT162b2, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, or CoronaVac as the primary vaccination series, followed by either a homologous booster or a heterologous BNT162b2 booster (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/BNT162b2 and CoronaVac/BNT162b2)...Different vaccination regimens were associated with distinct long-term cellular immune profiles under real-world conditions, with both homologous BNT162b2 and heterologous CoronaVac/BNT162b2 vaccination regimens maintaining robust memory B cell signatures and functional recall responses. The results highlight how priming combinations shape the durability and quality of immune memory, supporting the potential utility of mixed-platform booster strategies for sustaining long-term immunity."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases • IFNG • IL15 • IL6 • IL9 • TNFA

Implications for future pandemics from a living systematic review and critical evaluation of observational studies of the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination against the Omicron variant. (PubMed, Vaccine) - "Reliable evidence on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness during the period of Omicron variant predominance was essential to inform global vaccination strategies...Weekly searches covering seven databases up to 31 December 2022 sought evidence for WHO-approved vaccine platforms, including mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273), adenoviral vector vaccines (ChAdOx1-S, SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Ad26.COV2·S, Gam-COVID-Vac) and inactivated virus vaccines (CoronaVac, BBV-152)...Most results were judged to be at moderate risk of bias (361, 18%) or at serious risk of bias (1591, 78%) with the principal concern being confounding. We discuss implications for future pandemic preparedness, including the importance of standardized study protocols; robust data linkage between vaccination, testing and outcomes; and validated risk-of-bias frameworks for diverse observational designs."

Journal • Observational data • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain IgG titers and associated factors after heterologous mRNA booster vaccination in individuals primed with the inactivated vaccine. (PubMed, Acta Trop) - "This cross-sectional study evaluated anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG titers and associated factors among adults who had completed a two-dose CoronaVac primary series and received a mRNA-based booster dose (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) 1-13 months before sampling, with no documented or self-reported history of COVID-19...Overweight participants had higher titers than those with normal body mass index in the combined analysis (adjusted GMR=1.73; 95%CI: 1.04-2.86). These findings suggest lower humoral immune responses with increasing time after heterologous mRNA booster vaccination in individuals primed with CoronaVac and may inform future booster strategies."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Obesity • Respiratory Diseases

Effectiveness of BNT162B2 and CoronaVac vaccines in reducing COVID-19 severity among children aged 3-4 years in Brazil. (PubMed, Vaccine) - "COVID-19 vaccination, predominantly based on the CoronaVac vaccine, was associated with a significant reduction in severe outcomes among children aged 3-4 years, providing robust evidence to support pediatric immunization strategies and public health efforts."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pediatrics • Respiratory Diseases

Systemic immune profiling of heterologous versus homologous boosting of COVID-19 vaccination. (PubMed, J Transl Med) - P4 | "Above all, our study gives insights for elaborating the systemic immune landscape of heterologous-boosting COVID-19 immunization by the novel single B cell sorting platform and scRNA/V(D)J-seq technology."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Optimizing COVID-19 vaccination for older adults: superior efficacy of heterologous regimens in reducing infection and mortality rates among patients aged 80 years and older during the Omicron BA.5/BF.7 outbreak. (PubMed, BMC Infect Dis) - "During the Omicron BA.5/BF.7 wave, receipt of three COVID-19 vaccine doses was associated with lower risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality among hospitalized patients aged 80 years and older. The heterologous regimen of CoronaVac plus ZF2001 was associated with lower risks of infection and mortality and higher NAb levels. These findings support the potential value of optimized booster and heterologous vaccination strategies for improving COVID-19-related outcomes in this high-risk older population."

Journal • Diabetes • Dyslipidemia • Infectious Disease • Metabolic Disorders • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Effectiveness of CoronaVac in a pioneer risk-based allocation clinical trial during the COVID-19 pandemic. (PubMed, PLoS One) - P4 | "Beyond its clinical implications, the study underscores the importance of adaptive, real-world research designs in rapidly generating actionable evidence in response to emerging public health threats. ClinicalTrials.gov Registration: NCT04789356."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY RESPONSES IN BRAZILIAN HEALTHCARE WORKERS AFTER PRIMARY COVID-19 VACCINATION AND MRNA BOOSTER (ESPID 2026) - "After the mRNA booster, neutralizing antibody titers increased markedly, with 77-fold against the ancestral strain, 65-fold against Alpha, 155- fold against Gamma, and 63-fold against Delta, independent of primary vaccine platform or prior infection Conclusions/Learning Points Primary immunization with an inactivated vaccine induced limited neutralizing responses, particularly against the Gamma variant in infection-naïve individuals. An mRNA booster substantially and consistently enhanced neutralizing immunity, supporting heterologous booster strategies to sustain protection."

Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease

Comparative immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant and non-pregnant women: a real-world cohort study. (PubMed, Front Public Health) - "Vaccine platforms included mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2, Pfizer-BioNTech), inactivated vaccines (CoronaVac, Sinovac), and a small number of heterologous regimens...Lower antibody levels are predominantly explained by differences in cumulative vaccine exposure rather than pregnancy-related immune impairment, although a residual independent association of pregnancy cannot be fully excluded. Completing recommended vaccine schedules is essential to optimize maternal and neonatal protection."

Clinical • Journal • Real-world evidence • Retrospective data • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Obstetrics

Hybrid immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination is associated with more sustained antibody levels, and lower reinfection risk. (PubMed, Sci Rep) - "IgG levels following SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals previously vaccinated with CoronaVac were higher up to Day 60 compared with those who received BNT162b2 or ChAdOX1 as their primary vaccination; however, antibody levels across vaccine platforms were not statistically different at six months and beyond post-vaccination...Breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals were associated with more sustained IgA, IgG, and NAb levels compared with vaccinated individuals without infection. Our results demonstrate that exposure sequence, rather than vaccine platform alone, is a key determinant of long-term antibody durability and reinfection risk, providing clinically interpretable evidence to inform vaccination strategies in the endemic phase of SARS-CoV-2."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Long-Term Durability and Dynamics of Anti-S-RBD IgG Response in Healthcare Workers: A Comparative Analysis of Homologous and Heterologous SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Schedules in a 1-Year Serial Cross-Sectional Study. (PubMed, Med Sci Monit) - "MATERIAL AND METHODS This prospective, serial cross-sectional study included 307 HCWs grouped by vaccination history reflecting the national vaccination program: homologous inactivated (SSS, 3 doses of CoronaVac), homologous mRNA (BBB, 3 doses of mRNA-BNT162b2), and heterologous mRNA-boosted (SSB, SSBB, SSBBB; where S represents CoronaVac and B represents BNT162b2)...The presence of at least 1 mRNA vaccine dose is the primary driver of high anti-S-RBD IgG levels. These findings support using heterologous mRNA boosters to enhance humoral immunity in individuals primed with inactivated vaccines."

Clinical • Journal • Observational data • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Safety, immunogenicity, and long COVID outcomes following inactivated COVID-19 vaccine boosters in elderly Chinese: a prospective cohort study. (PubMed, Front Immunol) - "A third booster of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administered within 2-6 months of the second dose is safe and significantly boosts humoral immunity in adults ≥60 years. The three-dose Covilo regimen and a 6-month dosing interval optimized immunogenicity and were associated with the lowest risks of COVID-19 symptoms and long COVID, highlighting the importance of vaccine-specific and interval-adjusted booster strategies for older populations."

Clinical • Journal • Fatigue • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Variability in the TLR3 type I interferon pathway is predictive of RNA vaccine responses. (PubMed, Sci Adv) - "Four weeks after the second vaccine dose, with either the BNT162b2 mRNA or CoronaVac inactivated virus vaccine, we assessed antigen-specific T cell cytokine responses and plasma antibody levels...This study shows that preexisting innate immune variability can predict the effectiveness of vaccine responses and identifies pathways relevant to mRNA vaccination. Targeting the specific innate immune pathway relevant for a vaccine may provide a new approach for tailoring vaccines to different populations."

IO biomarker • Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases • IFNA1 • IFNG • IL2 • IL21 • TLR3

Randomized Trial of COVID-19 Booster Vaccinations (Cobovax Study) (clinicaltrials.gov) - P4 | N=451 | Completed | Sponsor: The University of Hong Kong | Active, not recruiting ➔ Completed

Trial completion • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease

Absence of autoantibodies linked to cancer and autoimmune disorders 26 weeks after BNT162b2 boosting in CoronaVac- primed individuals. (PubMed, Hum Vaccin Immunother) - "Within the scope of this high-resolution 1,610-antigen platform, these findings provide proteome-wide evidence that heterologous BNT162b2 boosting after CoronaVac priming is not associated with sustained induction of IgG autoantibodies linked to autoimmune or cancer-related pathways. These findings provide proteome-wide safety evidence supporting the immunological stability of the circulating autoantibody repertoire following mixed-platform COVID-19 vaccination in healthy adults."

Journal • Immunology • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Oncology • Respiratory Diseases

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals pediatric immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination. (PubMed, iScience) - "This activation is counterbalanced by expanded myeloid-derived suppressor cells and FOXP3 + regulatory T cells, which employ PGE2 signaling to restrain excessive cytotoxicity and orchestrate helper T cell differentiation. Together, our atlas demonstrates that pediatric immunity to inactivated vaccines is tightly orchestrated, balancing antiviral programs with regulatory mechanisms to ensure safe protection."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Pediatrics • CD8 • FOXP3

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 response in alveolar blood sample and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of individuals vaccinated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. (PubMed, Hum Vaccin Immunother) - "Among patients with bronchoscopy, 92.9% (13) of 14 subjects vaccinated with two or three doses showed positive for both anti-N/S IgG and anti-RBD IgG and 7.1% (1) was anti-N IgA positive in peripheral blood; however, all these 14 subjects showed negative in BALF. Together, the results indicate that inactivated COVID-19 vaccines rarely induce mucosal antibody response in the lower respiratory tract."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Comparison of Immune Responses and Safety Profiles Following a Fourth Heterologous Dose (Second Booster) with mRNA-1273 in Individuals Previously Vaccinated with Two Doses of CoronaVac and a Booster Dose of Either AZD1222 or BNT162b2. (PubMed, Vaccines (Basel)) - "However, emerging variants such as Omicron may still pose challenges. The trial was registered with the Thai Clinical Trials Registry: the name of the registry: "The comparison of immune response to the 4th dose booster with mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine in individuals who had received 2 doses of CoronaVac and booster with ChAdOx-1 or BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine", TCTR20220205002 on 5 February 2022."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases • IFNG

Comparative effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines among health students, focusing on methodological concerns. (PubMed, Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol) - "We investigated comparative effectiveness (VE) of CoronaVac® and Comirnaty® vaccines among health students, considering potential risk factors...High infection rate in Omicron period might have augmented this bias, favoring the protective effect of the less potent vaccine. Periodic PCR testing as an integrated measure in future VE studies can avoid such bias."

HEOR • Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases

Four doses of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination for patients with inborn errors of immunity compared to 3 doses for healthy individuals. (PubMed, J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob) - P2 | "A fourth dose of BNT162b2 was immunogenic and safe for most IEI patients. The fourth dose of vaccination is recommended for IEI patients to improve protection against COVID-19, particularly before travel to areas with high endemic transmission."

Journal • Infectious Disease • Novel Coronavirus Disease • Respiratory Diseases