morphine sulphate / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Evaluation of JAK Inhibitors as Novel Analgesics for Burn Pain (Neuroscience 2026) - "For behavioral experiments, MA and TH were measured on day 7 and animals were subcutaneously administered 5, 10, or 30 mg/kg Baricitinib (n=5 per dose), vehicle (n=5), 5 or 10 mg/kg Upadacitinib (n=5 per dose), vehicle (n=5), and morphine (n=5). To date, our pilot experiments revealed that burn injury activates JAK1 and JAK2 receptors in the spinal cord of rats with TI. Upadacitinib also may attenuate pain behaviors. These initial results implicate that JAK-STAT signaling in burn pain mechanisms."

CNS Disorders • Pain • JAK1 • JAK2

Emergency Care Competence and Resource Gaps Among Resident Physicians in Selected Syrian Governmental Hospitals: Implications for Health System Recovery. (PubMed, J Multidiscip Healthc) - "Basic resources such as cannulas, oxygen masks, laboratory services, and X-ray services were widely available, whereas glucagon, equipped ambulances, Ventolin, morphine, and Ambu bags were less consistently available. Among resident physicians in the studied governmental hospitals, emergency exposure was frequent but preparedness was uneven. Strengthening emergency readiness will require standardized practical training, objective skill assessment, and more consistent availability of essential emergency resources and referral support."

Journal • Anesthesia • Gynecology • Mood Disorders • Obstetrics • Pediatrics

Hederagenin Attenuates Morphine Addiction via GABAA1-Mediated Modulation of Ca2 +-CaMK-CREB Signaling in Ventral Tegmental Dopaminergic Neurons. (PubMed, Adv Sci (Weinh)) - "Compared with non-targeted liposomes, RVG29-modified HE-loaded liposomes showed greater brain- and VTA-associated distribution and suppressed established CPP after a single administration. Together, these findings identify HE as a candidate modulator of morphine CPP through a GABAA1-related VTA Ca2 +-CaMK-cAMP-CREB mechanism and support RVG29 liposomes as an exploratory delivery strategy."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Psychiatry • FOS

A case of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity following hypoxic brain injury with ‍difficult treatment (PubMed, Rinsho Shinkeigaku) - "Treatment with diazepam and levetiracetam was initiated, leading to symptom resolution...Although treatment with propranolol, gabapentin, and baclofen was initiated, her symptoms persisted. On the 38th day of hospitalization, morphine hydrochloride and methylprednisolone were administered, resulting in remarkable improvement. The present case shows that accurate diagnosis of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity following hypoxic brain injury, particularly its differentiation from acute symptomatic seizures, is essential for appropriate management."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Epilepsy • Vascular Neurology

A MULTI-HERBAL PREPARATION FOR GASTROINTESTINAL DYSMOTILITY ATTENUATES OPIOID-INDUCED INTESTINAL TRANSIT INHIBITION WITHOUT IMPAIRING ANALGESIA IN MICE (UEGW 2026) - "This multi-herbal preparation, used for gastrointestinal dysmotility and containing nine herbal extracts, attenuated morphine-induced inhibition of intestinal transit in mice at selected doses and pretreatment intervals without impairing opioid analgesia. These findings support further evaluation of this preparation as a treatment strategy for OIC."

Preclinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • Constipation • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder

BREAKING THE PAIN BARRIER IN ACUTE PANCREATITIS: IS EPIDURAL ANALGESIA THE WAY FORWARD? (UEGW 2026) - "Aims & Over a period of one and half years, all consecutive patients of AP with moderate to severe pain based on numerical rating scale (NRS ≥4) were sequentially allocated into 2 groups- Epidural Patient controlled analgesia (PCA) (Ropivacaine 0.2% + Fentanyl 2 mcg/ml) and IV PCA (Fentanyl 10 mcg/ml) + IV Paracetamol 1 gm TDS for 5 days. Morphine was used as rescue analgesia when NRS ≥4... Thoracic epidural PCA and IV PCA were equally efficacious in pain control in AP. Moreover, thoracic epidural analgesia was safe, feasible, required less rescue analgesia and showed an insignificant clinical trend towards early SIRS resolution."

Acute Kidney Injury • Acute Lung Injury • Nephrology • Pain • Pancreatitis • Renal Disease • Respiratory Diseases

TERLIPRESSIN-INDUCED PERIPHERAL ISCHEMIA: EARLY RECOGNITION MATTERS! (UEGW 2026) - "Terlipressin was stopped, and intravenous fluids and antalgics were administered but rapid step up to morphine was needed to control the pain...Considering the drug's half-life of approximately 4–6 hours, this pharmacokinetic profile may account for the timing of symptom onset. Careful on-treatment monitoring is mandatory and continuous low-dose infusion, rather than bolus administration, may reduce the risk of side effects."

Cardiovascular • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Hematological Disorders • Hepatology • Ischemic stroke • Myelofibrosis • Portal Hypertension • Thrombosis

Acupuncture inhibits the tolerance of analgesics of morphine (Neuroscience 2026) - "For the intracerebral injection of naloxone, picrotoxin, and 2-hydroxysaclofen, the guide cannula was implanted into the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), and for the injection of SCH23390 and sulpiride, the guide cannula was implanted into the nucleus accumbens (NAc). When microinjected into the RMTg, naloxone and picrotoxin, but not the 2-hydroxysaclofen, blocked the SI5 acupuncture’s effect, and in the NAc injection, sulpiride, but not the SCH23390, blocked SI5. These findings suggest that SI5 acupuncture can be used to prevent the tolerance of opioid analgesic and that this SI5’s effect is mediated through the µ-opioid receptor and the GABAA receptor in the RMTg and through the dopamine D2 receptor in the NAc."

Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • BDNF • DRD2 • FOS

Engineering genetically encoded fluorescent opioid sensors for characterizing fentanyl and exogenous opioid pharmacology in vivo (Neuroscience 2026) - "Additionally, in the CeA of WT male mice, FentSense1.7 rapidly detects IV infused fentanyl, and does not respond to morphine or naloxone infusions. Future in vivo experiments can determine fentanyl pharmokinetics in the brain during various stages of fentanyl use to link real-time pharmacology measurements to behavioral phenotypes in freely behaving animals."

Preclinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Substance Abuse

Pharmacological actions of novel GLT-1 enhancers in the brain and liver of male C57BL/6 mice exposed chronically to hydrocodone (Neuroscience 2026) - "Importantly, a novel non-antibiotic beta-lactam, MC-100093, was found effective in attenuating fentanyl and morphine overdose-induced reduction in GLT-1 expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) as well as attenuated fentanyl-induced liver inflammation and disruption of liver metabolites. Finally, these GLT-1 modulators attenuated hydrocodone-induced upregulation of hepatic cystine/glutamate antiporter (xCT) and GLT-1. These findings suggest that these novel synthetic GLT-1 modulators may be considered as potential agents to attenuate hydrocodone-induced alterations in glutamate transporters and associated target proteins in the brain and liver."

Preclinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • IL1B • IL6 • mTOR • NFKB1 • TNFA

Novel cyclized glycosylated endomorphin analog A2 provides highly effective inhibition of pain signaling (antinociception) with reduced respiratory depression relative to morphine in male and female rats. (Neuroscience 2026) - "Together, these findings suggest that A2 provides prolonged antinociceptive efficacy with substantially attenuated respiratory suppression relative to morphine. Additionally, the unique ventilatory profile of A2 suggests differential effects on one or more of the complex respiratory mechanisms that are inhibited by classical opioid agonists."

Preclinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Pain • Psychiatry

Changes in bout organization that suppress activity during acute psychostimulant withdrawal (Neuroscience 2026) - "Our previous report indicated that amphetamine (2 mg/kg) and morphine (5 mg/kg) altered bout organization similarly 13-24 hours after administration, producing reduced activity, a sign of acute withdrawal. This study compared two psychostimulants, methamphetamine and amphetamine, for their ability to alter bout organization and reduce activity indicative of acute withdrawal...Though their pharmacological action on synaptic transmission may differ, both drugs appeared to modify bout organization similarly. Our findings suggest that both drugs may produce a sign of acute withdrawal via a common mechanism and that the mechanisms involved in the basic organization of episodic activity and acute withdrawal may differ."

CNS Disorders • Psychiatry

Buprenorphine treatment modulates pain responses in an age-specific manner in a mouse model of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (Neuroscience 2026) - "Furthermore, preliminary data from c-Fos immunostaining following a noxious thermal stimulus revealed a trend toward suppression of morphine-driven neuronal activity across the nucleus accumbens, periaqueductal gray, and medulla. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that neonatal morphine exposure induces lasting alterations in pain-induced neuronal activity and immune signaling, independent of early BPN treatment."

Preclinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Pain • FOS • TLR4 • TNFA

(S)-ketamine engages the cingulate cortex to alleviate withdrawal in morphine-dependent rats (Neuroscience 2026) - "Preliminary findings show (S)-ketamine enhanced both calcium activity and endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmission during naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. Ongoing studies are using chemogenetics to determine whether activation of cingulate cortex neurons is sufficient to recapitulate (S)-ketamine’s behavioral effects on withdrawal."

Preclinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Substance Abuse

Re-designing the function of KRAB zinc finger proteins in mouse nucleus accumbens to augment the transcriptional origins of drug use behaviors. (Neuroscience 2026) - "Lastly, we performed a locomotor assay across TRIM28 variants using cocaine and morphine and extracted the NAc for RNAsequencing and generated differentially expressed genes and TEs relative to saline-treated mice. Our findings indicate that KZFP-mediated transcriptional control of the mouse NAc alters cocaine reward processes and reinforcement and produces sex differences among differentially expressed genes and TEs. Our studies suggest that this mechanism may contribute to the molecular processes that govern drug-taking behaviors and drug-related gene expression."

Preclinical • CNS Disorders • TRIM28

Opioid Receptor Pharmacology and Subjective Effects of Kratom-Derived Compounds (Neuroscience 2026) - "We used the drug discrimination procedure to investigate the substitution for morphine...All compounds were tested up to doses that decreased response rates. These findings demonstrate differences in the opioid pharmacology of the kratom alkaloids, highlighting the importance of pharmacologically characterizing individual alkaloids to guide the development of safer novel therapeutics and inform policymakers."

Clinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Substance Abuse

The role of vlPAG disinhibitory circuits in the context of opioid exposure (Neuroscience 2026) - "To complement these results, future directions include using membrane-targeted protein labeling and isolation in a cell-type specific manner to investigate the molecular changes occurring at the membrane due to opioid exposure. In addition to this, we plan to use activity-dependent labeling strategies to explore how morphine-activated ensembles in the vlPAG are involved in different aspects of opioid exposure."

Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders

Molecular Characterization of the Parabrachial Nucleus after Opioid Exposure and Withdrawal (Neuroscience 2026) - "Mice then either had their tissue collected with morphine still on board (Dep:Mor), underwent either naloxone injection to precipitate withdrawal (ND:Nal or Dep:Nal) or saline injection as a control (ND:Sal), or underwent spontaneous withdrawal (Dep:Spont). RRHO analysis revealed concordant and discordant gene expression between males and females in the Dep:Nal vs Dep:Spont comparison, whereas the Dep:Spont vs Dep:Mor showed discordant gene expression. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how opioid exposure and withdrawal affect the PBN."

Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Substance Abuse

Functional consequences of early life amphetamine exposure on adolescent fentanyl sensitization and cross-sensitization to morphine (Neuroscience 2026) - "Several factors indicate that children aged 6-10 years are misdiagnosed with ADHD and improperly treated with stimulant medications such as Adderall® (amphetamine; AMPH). Additionally, cross-sensitization to morphine was not seen, nor was it affected by early exposure to AMPH. These findings suggest that developmental AMPH exposure does not lastingly affect the development and expression of behavioral sensitization later in life."

Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • ADHD (Impulsive Aggression) • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • CNS Disorders

Differential Reinforcing and Respiratory Profiles of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Kratom Alkaloids in Rats (Neuroscience 2026) - "Reinforcing effects were assessed by intravenous self-administration using a within-session, multi-component procedure (FR5) in rats trained on remifentanil...In plethysmography assay, morphine produced dose-dependent decreases in frequency, tidal volume, and minute ventilation, and 7-HMG produced comparable dose-dependent respiratory depression, whereas intravenous MG did not significantly affect any parameter...7-HMG carries both reinforcing and respiratory liability, MG carries little of either by the intravenous route, and the semi-synthetic analogs retain abuse-related effects while producing only transient or stimulatory respiratory effects. Notably, analog 3 has recently appeared in consumer products and forensic casework as MGM-15, making its strong reinforcing profile a pressing concern alongside concentrated 7-HMG products."

Preclinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Depression • Substance Abuse

Activation of the orphan receptor GPR88 reduces morphine reward and neuron-driven reinforcement (Neuroscience 2026) - "Finally, RTI-122 did not alter elevated plus maze behavior, suggesting no anxiogenic-like effects. Together, these findings identify GPR88 activation as a promising strategy to reduce morphine reward and MOR circuit-mediated addiction-like behaviors."

Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Mental Retardation

Single-cell multiomic and single chromatin fiber profiling of opioid use disorder in human frontal pole (Neuroscience 2026) - "vGlut+-DEGs were enriched in pathways such as morphine addiction and MAPK signaling pathway, highlighting their role in addiction pathology.Fiber-seq enables single-molecule identification of regulatory elements but is currently limited to bulk tissue profiling...Analysis of vGlut+-derived fibers identified 25,047 FIREs exhibiting chromatin accessibility uniquely enriched in vGlut+. Furthermore, we identified 1,159 OUD-sensitive vGlut+-FIREs, whose putative target genes were enriched for neuronal projection, axon guidance and addiction pathways.Together, these findings demonstrate the power of integrating large-scale single-cell and single-fiber multiomic approaches to dissect complex gene regulation in the human brain, which has implications beyond the addiction studies."

Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Depression • Substance Abuse

Modulation of morphine-activated brain reward circuitry by the galanin receptor agonist, galnon, in female mice (Neuroscience 2026) - "Systemic galnon selectively attenuates neuronal activation in the NAc without altering upstream regions, suggesting that galanin signaling modulates opioid reward potentially through local NAc effects or broader network interactions. These findings provide insight into opioid reward processing in females and support the galanin system as a potential therapeutic target."

Preclinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Substance Abuse • FOS • GAL

Morphine-induced modulation of lateral hypothalamic GABAergic neurons disrupts feeding (Neuroscience 2026) - "Together, our findings identify LHVGAT neurons as positive modulators of energy balance during morphine exposure and dependence and suggest that increased thermogenesis may limit their ability to restore body weight. Future studies will directly dissect the functional role of MOR-expressing LHVGAT neurons in modulating feeding."

Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Substance Abuse

Morphine Withdrawal and Kappa Opioid Receptor Activation Convergently Disrupt Pavlovian Motivation in Adaptive Reward Seeking (Neuroscience 2026) - "Morphine withdrawal and pharmacological KOR activation convergently disrupted cue-elicited activational motivation responding, suggesting dynorphin/KOR signaling may contribute to withdrawal-associated disruptions in cue-elicited motivational processes that support adaptive reward seeking."

Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Substance Abuse