benztropine / Generic mfg. - LARVOL DELTA

Acute Dystonia From Metoclopramide Unresponsive to Diphenhydramine, Resolved With Lorazepam (SCCM 2026) - "They typically respond to anticholinergic or antihistaminic agents such as diphenhydramine or benztropine. The precise mechanism may involve GABAergic inhibition of excessive dopaminergic blockade or modulation of muscle tone. Recognizing refractory dystonia early and promptly escalating therapy is essential in preventing further complications, including airway compromise or prolonged hospitalization.This case underscores the importance of identifying acute dystonic reactions in the inpatient setting and highlights lorazepam as a viable rescue therapy when diphenhydramine fails."

Acute Kidney Injury • CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Immunology • Movement Disorders • Nephrology • Renal Disease

From Natural Compound Screening to Myelin-Associated Effects: Identification of Morusin as a Potent Promoter of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation. (PubMed, Int J Mol Sci) - "Furthermore, in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice, Morusin improved myelination-associated histological features and functional recovery, comparable to the benchmark compound Benztropine. Collectively, these findings identify Morusin as a promising natural compound with pro-myelinating activity across multiple experimental systems and highlight the potential of rationally guided natural compound screening for regenerative therapy in demyelinating diseases."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Immunology • Multiple Sclerosis • Solid Tumor • MBP • PLP1 • SOX10

The association between psychotropic medications and cognitive functioning in bipolar disorder. (PubMed, Int J Bipolar Disord) - "Prescribers may consider limiting the administration of the medications which can affect cognitive functioning. Interventions should be further developed for people with bipolar disorder to improve their cognitive functioning and quality of life."

Journal • Bipolar Disorder • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Mood Disorders • Psychiatry

Deutetrabenazine and Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy for Tardive Dyskinesia With Recurrent Depression: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus) - "A 31-year-old woman with a mood disorder, treated with risperidone (dose range: 4 mL/day, duration: 11 months), olanzapine (dose range: 10 mg/day, duration: 11 months), and benztropine (dose range: 6 mg/day, duration: four months) for recurrent depression, developed lip twitching, bradykinesia, and worsened depression. Clinicians should be aware of the long-term motor disorder risks of antipsychotics, perform regular screenings, and focus on multi-target interventions. Future research should increase sample sizes to confirm the treatment's general applicability and long-term safety."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry

Expanding the Genotype, Phenotype, and Natural History of Individuals Who Have ASPM Variants (ACMG 2026) - "No seizures were reported, and he received haloperidol and benztropine mesylate as needed (3-5 times per month) to combat agitation. We expand the natural history, phenotype, and genotype of ASPM-related MCPH. Individual 1 documents the natural history of an adult male who has homozygosity for ASPM alleles showing developmental delays without regression. Individuals 2 and 3 expand the spectrum of structural anomalies associated with ASPM to include diencephalosynapsis and holoprosencephaly which, to our knowledge, have not been reported."

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Epilepsy • Genetic Disorders

Why Not Rock the Boat? Deprescribing Anticholinergic Medications That Are No Longer Needed in Persons With Schizophrenia. (PubMed, Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ)) - "This review discusses EPSs and their treatment with two ACMs, benztropine and trihexyphenidyl, and it presents evidence of the risks of chronic ACM prescribing, including serious side effects such as cognitive impairment, dry mouth, blurred vision, and risk for delirium, as well as sequelae of severe constipation and urinary retention...ACM tapering schedules are suggested, along with recommendations for closer patient monitoring during the deprescription process. Barriers to deprescription at the patient, prescribing clinician, and system level are then reviewed, along with relevant ethical considerations inherent to any medication changes, including ACM deprescribing."

Journal • Review • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Constipation • Gastroenterology • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia • Xerostomia

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Rigid Benztropine Analogues with Potential DAT Inhibition Activity: A Prospect in Parkinson's Disease Treatment. (PubMed, Curr Med Chem) - "The rigid aromatic sections in fluorenatropine analogs grant a superior activity over DAT, allowing motor symptom mitigation at lower concentrations."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Central amygdala Fkbp5 expression correlates with faster submission and ethanol self-administration reacquisition: Benztropine reduces ethanol relapse-like reacquisition in stressed rats. (PubMed, Neurobiol Stress) - "Benztropine (i.p., 5, 10 mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced relapse-like ethanol reacquisition, and sex-specific analyses suggest a more robust effect in males than females. The results warrant the study of CeA FKBP51 in passive stress coping and of drug-like selective FKBP51 inhibitors to reduce ethanol relapse after histories of repeated stress."

Journal • Preclinical • Addiction (Opioid and Alcohol) • CNS Disorders • Depression • Major Depressive Disorder • Mood Disorders • Post-traumatic Stress Disorder • Psychiatry • FKBP5

Previously Incarcerated Veteran: A Case of Drug-Induced Parkinsonism. (PubMed, Cureus) - "Treatment involved gradual tapering of risperidone, introduction of benztropine for symptomatic relief, and initiation of aripiprazole to maintain psychiatric stability. Symptoms markedly improved, reaffirming the diagnosis of DIP over idiopathic Parkinson's disease. This case emphasizes the importance of regular medication review and follow-up in managing antipsychotic therapy to prevent severe EPS complications, particularly in vulnerable populations such as incarcerated individuals and military veterans."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Gastrointestinal Disorder • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry • Schizophrenia

HNRNPH2 variant linked to intellectual disability disrupts myelination by impairing oligodendrocyte differentiation. (PubMed, J Genet Genomics) - "Furthermore, the myelin-enhancing drug benztropine rescues myelination, restores myelin-related gene expression, and ameliorates cognitive deficits, highlighting the role of hnRNPH2 P213L-induced myelin abnormalities in the pathogenesis of ID. Mechanistically, the P213L mutation disrupts the interaction between hnRNPH2 and its target transcripts, leading to the downregulation of myelination-related genes. Collectively, these findings reveal a critical mechanistic connection between myelin dysfunction and ID, thereby offering potential therapeutic insights for X-linked neurodevelopmental disorders."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Developmental Disorders • Mental Retardation • Psychiatry • Solid Tumor • HNRNPH1

Prophylactic Prescribing of Benztropine with Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Pediatric Patients (ASHP 2025) - No abstract available

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Pediatrics

Prophylactic Prescribing of Benztropine with Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Pediatric Patients (ASHP 2025) - "Hosted by the Section of Clinical Specialists and Scientists"

Clinical • CNS Disorders • Pediatrics

Development of benztropine-based DAT blockers for Parkinson's disease interventions: A biologic and synthetic overview. (PubMed, Bioorg Chem) - "Several chemical structures have been evaluated and one of the most popular, benztropine, recently has been synthetically and biologically studied by several research groups. In this document we briefly discuss the disease to guide the reader in the journey of several research groups that have selected dopamine receptors and channels as targets for drug development, broadly focused on the synthesis and action mechanism of benztropine and analogs for Parkinson's disease treatment, in order to showcase the potential of molecules that seem obsolete when chemical modification is on reach and the power of the chemical tools for their modification."

Journal • Review • CNS Disorders • Movement Disorders • Palliative care • Parkinson's Disease

Association between cognitive adverse effects of anticholinergic medication and development of dementia in Parkinson's disease. (PubMed, Parkinsonism Relat Disord) - "The cognitive adverse effects of anticholinergics were not associated with increased dementia risk. Prospective studies assessing individual variability in anticholinergic sensitivity and cognitive outcomes in PD are warranted."

Adverse events • Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Aripiprazole-Induced Priapism in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report. (PubMed, Cureus) - "The erection persisted for approximately five hours, partially responsive to Diphenhydramine and Benztropine. Early recognition and timely urologic consultation are essential for optimal outcomes. When identified promptly, conservative management may be effective in avoiding invasive intervention."

Journal • Cardiovascular • CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Hematological Disorders • Movement Disorders • Pediatrics • Thrombosis • Urology

Restoration of Ambulation in an Adolescent with Tardive Dystonia after Pallidal DBS (MDS Congress 2025) - " This patient is a 17-year-old male with autism, intellectual disability, Von Willebrand disease, and epilepsy who presented with 6 months of involuntary head and neck movements in the setting of 3 years of treatment with olanzapine and risperidone...Tetrabenazine, dantrolene, clonazepam, baclofen, benztropine and trihexyphenidyl were prescribed with no benefit... GPi-DBS can be an effective treatment for TD in adolescents and local field potential provides an opportunity to further understand the effects of pallidal stimulation. Figure 1"

CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Epilepsy • Mental Retardation • Movement Disorders

Episodic Generalized Dystonia with Opisthotonus Posturing in Early Stages of Anoxic Brain Injury with Mild Degrees of Caudate Involvement (MDS Congress 2025) - " We present a 27-year-old woman with heroin and alprazolam use disorder who suffered a non-shockable cardiac arrest (10-minute downtime)...Despite sedation, antiepileptics, gabapentin, and opioids, she developed spontaneous clonic movements and dystonic posturing with opisthotonus by day 6, showing limited response to treatment...Hydromorphone and diazepam provided partial relief, while benztropine and amantadine were ineffective... This case suggests that posterior limb involvement, along with mild caudate and hippocampal changes, may contribute to generalized dystonic posturing after anoxic injury. The episodic nature of opisthotonus was unique and did not follow expected responses to sedatives or antiepileptics. This case highlights the complexity of post-anoxic movement disorders and the need for further research into their mechanisms and management."

CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Movement Disorders • Vascular Neurology

Amitriptyline-Induced Rabbit Syndrome: A Case of Refractory Oral Vertical Dyskinesia (MDS Congress 2025) - "She was started on valbenazine for her prior diagnosis of TD, but was discontinued as it worsened her symptoms...Trials of propranolol, carbidopa/levodopa, and benztropine showed minimal improvement... Rabbit syndrome is a rare, drug-induced oral vertical dyskinesia. Classically, it is characterized by rhythmic, peri-oral movements which resembles the chewing motion of a rabbit. Although it is typically associated with antipsychotics, it can also be triggered by other medications, including tricyclic antidepressants [1]."

Clinical • Preclinical • CNS Disorders • Depression • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Psychiatry

Association between cognitive adverse effects of anticholinergic medication and development of long-term dementia in Parkinson's disease (MDS Congress 2025) - " A total of 155 patients took trihexyphenidyl or benztropine or amantadine were included for analysis. There was no association between cognitive adverse effects of anticholinergic medication and the development of long-term dementia in Parkinson's disease, and the cognitive reserve hypothesis could not be confirmed. However, it is thought that further research using tools to evaluate cognitive reserve with a sufficient follow-up period is needed."

Adverse events • Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Dementia • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease

Propofol-Induced Dystonia Reaction in Elective Hip Arthroplasty (ASA 2025) - "Initial treatments with dexmedetomidine, midazolam, and diphenhydramine were ineffective. Neurology recommended oral benztropine, which yielded only mild improvement. Subsequent administration of oral baclofen led to significant symptom resolution within 1-2 hours. This case highlights an uncommon adverse effect of propofol and suggests that baclofen may be a valuable adjunct when conventional therapies for drug-induced dystonia are insufficient."

Anesthesia • CNS Disorders • Dystonia • Movement Disorders • Orthopedics

Not the moves you asked for: exploring dopamine receptor-blocking agents-induced movement disorders (ECNP 2025) - "Treatment involves anticholinergic agents like benztropine or diphenhydramine to rapidly alleviate symptoms...Management includes dose reduction, switching to a lower-risk agent, beta-blockers (e.g., propranolol), and benzodiazepines...Management involves reducing or discontinuing the DRBA and switching to alternatives like clozapine or quetiapine, which have a lower risk of causing parkinsonism...Treatment focuses on the use of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitors, such as valbenazine and deutetrabenazine... Beyond physical symptoms, DIMDs severely impact quality of life. Unlike psychiatric symptoms, which are internal, DIMDs are highly visible, leading to social stigma, emotional distress, and functional impairment. Akathisia has been linked to dysphoria and suicidal ideation, while TD can increase mortality."

Alzheimer's Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Dystonia • Mood Disorders • Movement Disorders • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry • Suicidal Ideation

Repeated ablations of mature Tmem10+ oligodendrocytes recapitulates key pathological features of multiple sclerosis with prolonged demyelination. (PubMed, Cell Death Dis) - "In response to the oligodendrocyte ablations, the proliferation and differentiation of OPCs were accelerated for the regeneration of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes, leading to spontaneous remyelination. This de-/re-myelination model presents a wide "time window" between the onset of demyelination and spontaneous remyelination, which makes it suitable for assessing the efficacy of therapeutic pro-remyelinating agents, as demonstrated by administering Benztropine to this demyelination model."

Journal • CNS Disorders • Infectious Disease • Inflammation • Multiple Sclerosis • Solid Tumor

Polypharmacy-induced serotonin syndrome revealing underlying neurocognitive impairment and cervical myelopathy. (PubMed, BMJ Case Rep) - "Her medications included supratherapeutic paroxetine (40mg two times per day), aripiprazole and benztropine...Cautious administration of haloperidol did not worsen symptoms, suggesting drug-induced or structural Parkinsonism. This case highlights the risk of uncoordinated pharmacotherapy and premature diagnostic closure. The presentation of serotonin syndrome may obscure underlying neurologic pathology, making thorough medication review and multidisciplinary evaluation essential in complex geriatric presentations."

Journal • Alzheimer's Disease • Cardiovascular • Chronic Kidney Disease • CNS Disorders • Cognitive Disorders • Diabetes • Hypertension • Metabolic Disorders • Movement Disorders • Nephrology • Parkinson's Disease • Psychiatry • Renal Disease

Repurposing drugs for the human dopamine transporter through WHALES descriptors-based virtual screening and bioactivity evaluation. (PubMed, J Pharm Anal) - "Initially, WHALES descriptors facilitated a similarity search, employing four benztropine-like atypical inhibitors known to bind hDAT's allosteric site as templates...Finally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and end-point binding free energy analyses were conducted to elucidate and confirm the inhibitory mechanisms of the repurposed drugs against hDAT in its inward-open conformation. In conclusion, our study not only identifies promising active compounds as potential atypical inhibitors for novel therapeutic drug development targeting hDAT but also validates the effectiveness of our integrated computational and experimental workflow for drug repurposing."

Journal • Psychiatry

Identifying therapeutic targets for erectile dysfunction in the European population using genome-wide Mendelian randomization. (PubMed, Sex Med) - "Our study highlighted three potential drugs targeting three of these hub genes: benztropine for CD27, teplizumab for CD3E, and natalizumab for ITGB1. Tissue-specific expression quantitative trait loci confounders and lack of experimental validation for prioritized drugs require caution. This work advances ED research by mapping druggable genes (PRKCA, IFNG, ITGB1) and pathways via MR, offering precision medicine opportunities and actionable drug repurposing candidates."

IO biomarker • Journal • Erectile Dysfunction • BCL2L1 • CD27 • CD3D • CD3E • IFNG • ITGB1 • LAMA5 • PPARG • PRKCA